| 1. |
- Hallman, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Symposium: Arbete, individ och nacksmärta : Forskning vid Forte-centret “Kroppen i arbete – från problem till potential”
- 2018
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Ingår i: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet - problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö? 10-12 juni 2018 i Gävle. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789188145284 ; , s. 102-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Besvär ifrån kroppens muskler och leder såsom nack- och ryggbesvär är fortfarande ett stort problem inom arbetslivet. Muskuloskeletal diagnos är den vanligaste orsaken till lång sjukfrånvaro inom privat sektor och näst vanligast inom kommuner och landsting. Orsakerna till dessa besvär kan vara relaterade till exponering både under arbete och på fritid, men även till individfaktorer. Vår forskargrupp har en bred ansats för att fylla kunskapsluckor inom detta område och kommer att presentera resultat från flera forskningsprojekt i symposiet Arbete, individ och nacksmärta.Långvarigt sittande har blivit alltmer vanligt förekommande i många yrkesgrupper. Långvarigt sittande och låg fysisk aktivitet har också uppmärksammats som ett betydande hälsoproblem i dagens arbetsliv och även som en möjlig riskfaktor för smärta i nacke-skuldra. Men forskningen om betydelsen av långvarigt sittande för smärta i nacke-skuldra är fortfarande begränsad. Likaså är det oklart om huvudets hållning vid sittandet och nackens funktion, exempelvis nackens rörelsefunktion och styrka, har betydelse för besvärsutveckling. Statiskt arbete med nacken i vridna och böjda positioner misstänks vara en riskfaktor för nack-skuldersmärta i yrken såsom tandläkare, men det är oklart varför vissa exponerade individer drabbas medan andra inte får ont. För de med långvarig smärta krävs ofta rehabiliterande åtgärder, och hur väl dessa åtgärder lyckas kan även det vara beroende av individens fysiska och psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Individens arbetsmiljö påverkar således inte bara risken för om man får besvär utan kan också ha betydelse för hur rehabiliteringen av besvären lyckas.Syftet med detta symposium är att presentera studier från Centrum för belastningsskadeforskning som handlar om nacksmärta i arbetslivet, sammanfatta kunskapsläget inom området och diskutera hur arbetet kan utformas för att bli hållbart och inkluderande. De forskningsexempel som presenteras berör stillasittande och hållning i arbetslivet och dess tänkbara konsekvenser för nacksmärta och hälsa, riskfaktorer för nacksmärta i tandläkaryrket och arbetsmiljöns betydelse för resultatet av rehabilitering vid nacksmärta. Symposiet avslutas med en frågestund och gemensam diskussion.
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| 2. |
- Hallman, Tina
(författare)
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Gender perspectives on psychosocial risk factors : conditions governing women's lives in relation to stress and coronary heart disease
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to shed light on womens psychosocial perceived stress as it is shaped within a gender-structured reality. By using a gender theoretical and social psychological approach the thesis aims to elucidate patterns concerning women's work, stress and living conditions that might affect their health and the progress of coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim is also to display ways in which women's health can be improved, with optimal prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Furthermore, the aim is to contribute to a wider understanding of how to be able to perceive, measure, change relevant factors, and to give relevant help to women in stressful situations. Four empirical studies based on quantitative and qualitative methods are presented. A questionnaire (The Stress Profile) was answered by 538 rehabilitation participants (97 women, 441 men), and a reference group (5308 women, 5177 men), aged 40-65 years. Indepth interviews were also conducted with 25 women suffering from CHD. Findings from the interviews gave a deeper understanding of how gender and genderinfluenced structures influence women's workload, perceived stress and behaviour patterns. Analyses showed that stress is so much more than just job-related. More than ten fields of stress factors were identified, indicating four phenomena, each of which contributed in different ways to enlarging perspectives on stress and living conditions, in terms both of variety and duration: exposed position, caring and curing, consideration and disquiet, and frustration and setbacks. Findings also showed consequences on financial situation, health and awareness of warning signs. When comparing women's and men's results from the Stress Profile, women generally reported higher levels of stress than men did. Significant differences appeared concerning five areas: work content, workload and control, physical stress reactions, emotional stress reactions and burnout. Women also appear to be more sensitive than men with respect to psychosocial risk factors for CHD, and the predictive ability of psychosocial risk factors is shown to be of great importance. Most interesting, however, are the patterns of differences that emerged when women and men were compared in different subgroups. Women with upper secondary school education and women in white-collar positions reported significantly higher levels of external stress than men did, in the respective groups. When comparing women with CHD and healthy matched women, women with CHD reported a significantly higher level of burnout than the healthy matched group. Interesting patterns of differences emerged when comparing coping abilities in different subgroups. The construction of femininity and masculinity in our society gives women and men different roles and positions. A consequence of this is that the living conditions of women and men are different, which perhaps leads to differences in (ill) health, symptoms and perceptions of causes of ill health. When identifying, measuring and considering women's stress, there is an obvious need to look at living conditions in a gender perspective, using gender theory. However, social-structural problems cannot be solved by individual change in thoughts and actions alone; measures to prevent and deal with unhealthy psychosocial conditions are recommended. Both future CHD patients and others might benefit from such preventive actions.
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| 3. |
- Hallman, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on Differences in Perceived External Stress : A Study of Women and Men with Coronary Heart Disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: Stress and health. - : Wiley. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 18, s. 105-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focuses on diiversities among women and men rare, and few studies have focused on gender differences in psychosocial factors and coronary heart disease. The present study is one of a series in which a wide range of psychosocial factors will be analysed with a focus on women. We compared women with men as regards the impact of educational level and occupational position on differences in perceived external stress. A questionnaire (The Stress Profile) was answered by 538 rehabilitation paricipants (97 women, 441 men), and a reference group (5308 women, 5177 men), aged 40-65 years. Generally, women reported a higher value of perceived external stress than men. Most interesting, however, are the patterns of differences that emerged when women and men were compared in different subgroups. Women with upper secondary school education and women in white-collar positions reported significantly higher levels of perceived external stress than men in the respective groups. When using common multivariate methods and adjusting for gender a great deal of information can be lost, and adjusting for gender makes it more difficult to find the true effect of exposures. It is only by regarding women and men separately that it is possible to link their very different working conditions and experience of stress to different health effects and vice versa.
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| 4. |
- Hallman, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Stress, Burnout and Coping : Differences between Women with Coronary Heart Disease and Healthy Matched Women
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 8:4, s. 433-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress is becoming more significant for women, along with the increasing number of women in the workforce. The present study compared women with respect to burnout and coping abilities, and related to the impact of educational level on differences in coping strategies. Women with coronary heart disease reported a higher level of burnout and had the highest scores demonstrating lack of coping, which indicates lesser coping abilities. Differences concerning strain reduction, self-control and emotional distancing are discussed in terms of living conditions. We also discuss that in order to optimize the outcome of rehabilitation and prevention we need more research on women, of women and especially from women’s point of view.
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