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- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Factors driving public support for road congestion reduction policies : Congestion charging, free public transport and more roads in Stockholm, Helsinki and Lyon
- 2015
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In: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 78, s. 452-462
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on an across-the-board survey conducted among residents of Stockholm, Helsinki and Lyon, we explore the opinions on three policy measures to combat road congestion: congestion charging, free public transport and building more roads. The support for the two latter policies is substantially higher than the support for congestion charging, which is only supported by a majority in Stockholm. Self-interest is important for the formation of the opinion to all three policies. However, fundamental values and general political views, indicated by four attitudinal factors, are even more important in forming opinions towards the three transport policies. Of all attitudinal factors, the one indicating environmental concern most influences the support for all policies. Equity concerns, however, increase the support for free public transport and opposition to taxation increases the support for building more roads. Our results further suggest that the opinions towards free public transport and building more roads can be mapped along the left right political axis, where Environment and Equity are to the left and Pricing and Taxation are to the right. However, the opinion towards congestion charging cuts right through the political spectrum. The impact of the fundamental values and self-interest variables are similar for Stockholm and Helsinki, indicating that even if experience increases the overall support for charging, it does not change the relative strength of different political arguments to any major extent.
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| 2. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Optimal kilometre tax for electric vehicles
- 2023
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In: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 134, s. 52-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We approximate the spatial and temporal distribution of the Pigouvian kilometre tax for road traffic in the most urbanized part of Sweden, with four million inhabitants and a similar "degree of urbanization" to the Netherlands and the UK, in a future scenario where most vehicles are electric. We apply the national transport model and include all links and four time-of-day periods. We find that roughly half of the vehicle kilometres travelled in Ma center dot lardalen has a marginal external cost (congestion and other external costs included) below 0.04 euro/km which is below the fuel tax in 2019). The mean marginal external cost is higher, at 0.09 euro/km. Our focus is not the exact numbers but the magnitudes and the vast variation across links in a country-like region: 90 percent of the revenue is collected on 10 percent of the road network. Hence, a nation-wide kilometre tax, implying high enforcement cost, is likely not the best option. Instead, the marginal external cost could probably be internalized fairly accurate by a congestion tax in the big cities in combination with for instance an ownership tax. We find that the Pigouvian tax would cover the public costs for our target road system. We relate our findings to the mainstem fiscal tax literature.
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| 3. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Why experience changes attitudes to congestion pricing : The case of Gothenburg
- 2016
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In: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 85, s. 1-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many cities have seen public support for congestion charges increase substantially after charges have been introduced. Several alternative explanations of this phenomenon have been suggested, but so far little evidence has been available to assess the relative importance of these explanations. We study attitudes to congestion pricing in Gothenburg before and after congestion charges were introduced in January 2013. Attitudes to the charges did indeed become more positive after the introduction, just as in previous cities. Using a two-wave postal survey, we separate contributions to the attitude change from a number of sources: benefits and costs being different than anticipated, use of hypothecated revenues, reframing processes, and changes in related attitudes such as attitudes to environment, equity, taxation and pricing measures in general. We conclude that the dominant reason for the attitude change is status quo bias, rather than any substantial changes in beliefs or related attitudes, although some of these factors also contribute. Contrary to a common belief, nothing of the attitude change is due to benefits being larger than anticipated.
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| 4. |
- Chhabra, Saurabh, et al.
(author)
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Myeloablative vs reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia
- 2018
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In: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 2:21, s. 2922-2936
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Optimal conditioning intensity for allo-HCT for CML in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is unknown. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, we sought to determine whether reduced-intensity/nonmyeloablative conditioning (RIC) allo-HCT and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) result in similar outcomes in CML patients. We evaluated 1395 CML allo-HCT recipients between the ages of 18 and 60 years. The disease status at transplant was divided into the following categories: chronic phase 1, chronic phase 2 or greater, and accelerated phase. Patients in blast phase at transplant and alternative donor transplants were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) after allo-HCT. MAC (n = 1204) and RIC allo-HCT recipients (n = 191) from 2007 to 2014 were included. Patient, disease, and transplantation characteristics were similar, with a few exceptions. Multivariable analysis showed no significant difference in OS between MAC and RIC groups. In addition, leukemia-free survival and nonrelapse mortality did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Compared with MAC, the RIC group had a higher risk of early relapse after allo-HCT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; P = .001). The cumulative incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was lower with RIC than with MAC (HR, 0.77; P = .02). RIC provides similar survival and lower cGVHD compared with MAC and therefore may be a reasonable alternative to MAC for CML patients in the TKI era.
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| 8. |
- Eliasson, Jonas, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Flexibel trängselskatt ger flyt åt Stockholmstrafiken
- 2012
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In: Dagens nyheter. - : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Omstridd skatt fyller sex. Trängselskattens påverkan på trafiken är till och med större i dag än när den infördes. Att många ändå upplever att köerna blivit längre beror på flera stora byggprojekt som påverkar kapaciteten på vägarna. Trängselskatten bör därför bli mer flexibel och anpassas efter vägarbeten, årstider etc. Essingeleden bör också snarast avgiftsbeläggas. Det skulle enkelt minska trafiken där med 13 procent och göra Stockholm effektivare, renare och trevligare, skriver fyra transportforskare.
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| 9. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(author)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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