| 1. |
- Agnér, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Bredäng : Miljonprogrammets föregångare
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 2. |
- Carlestam, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Aspudden : Förstaden, något för Eder
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 3. |
- Engberg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Midsommarkransen : LM-staden - en modern bruksort
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 4. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate effects of a forestry company : including biogenic carbon fluxes and substitution effects
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forestry will play an important role in a future bioeconomy, by providing wood fibres for biomaterial and bioenergy. However, there are contradictory opinions on the climate change mitigation potential of forestry. Stora Enso, an international forestry company, has the ambition to improve its climate impact assessment at corporate level.In this work, a system perspective was applied, where greenhouse gas emissions from value chains, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land owned or leased by Stora Enso and temporarily stored in harvested wood products, and the substitution effect, i.e. avoided emissions from substituted products and energy were considered. Furthermore, new substitution factors for pulp and paper products were developed.The estimated climate effect at corporate level was a net removal of -11.5 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1 (i.e. a climate benefit) when considering value chain emissions, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land and harvested wood products, and avoided emissions from substitution. Uptake of biogenic carbon counteracted around 40% of the value chain emissions, while the largest climate benefit (removal of 17.9 million Mg CO2-eq) was due to substitution of more greenhouse gas-intensive products.The new substitution factors developed for pulp and paper products were applied in the climate impact calculation at company level. Important assumptions and possible improvements for future studies were identified, e.g. how to assess the impact of cascading wood use in substitution calculations.
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| 5. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate effects of a forestry company – including biogenic carbon fluxes and substitution effects (2021 update)
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forestry play an important role in the bioeconomy, and will continues to do so in the future, by providing wood fibres for biomaterial and bioenergy that substitute for fossil-based alternatives, while at the same time storing carbon in forests and harvested wood products. However, there are contradictory opinions on the climate change mitigation potential of forestry. Stora Enso, an international forestry company, has the ambition to improve its climate impact assessment at corporate level. In this work, a system perspective was applied, where greenhouse gas emissions from value chains, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land owned or leased by Stora Enso and temporarily stored in harvested wood products, and the substitution effect, i.e. avoided emissions from substituted products and energy were considered. Furthermore, new substitution factors for pulp and paper products were developed. The current report is an update of the original report, published in 2020 (Hammar et. al. 2020), based on production and value chain emissions data for the year 2021, as well as Eucalyptus plantation area as of December 2020. Overall changes in greenhouse gas fluxes relative the ones published in Hammar et al. (2020) are minor. The estimated climate effect at corporate level for 2021 is a net removal of -11.0 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1 (i.e. a climate benefit) for the year 2021 (compared to -11.5 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1 for the year 2019) when considering value chain emissions, biogenic carbon fluxes from forest land and harvested wood products, and avoided emissions from substitution. Uptake of biogenic carbon counteracted around 40% of the value chain emissions (10.2 million Mg CO2-eq yr-1), while the largest climate benefit (removal of 17.2 million Mg CO2-eq) was due to substitution of more greenhouse gas-intensive products. The same substitution factors developed in Hammar et al. (2020) for pulp and paper products were applied in the climate impact calculation at company level. Possible improvements for future studies inclued, e.g., the assessment of the impact of cascading wood use in substitution calculations.
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| 6. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate impact and energy efficiency of woody bioenergy systems from a landscape perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 120, s. 189-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate impact of bioenergy is debated, especially due to potential land use change effects and biogenic carbon fluxes. This study assessed the climate impact and energy efficiency of conventional long-rotation forest residues (branches, tops and stumps) and short-rotation forestry (willow) from a landscape perspective. A time-dependent life cycle assessment method, which considers the timing of biogenic carbon fluxes and the impact on global temperature over time, was combined with GIS mapping to assess the impact for a specific Swedish region (Uppsala County), i.e. a 'real' landscape. The results showed that harvesting forest residues decreased the forest carbon stocks over the landscape, while growing willow on previous fallow land increased the total carbon stocks. On average, energy ratios of 49 MJ MJ(-1) for branches and tops, and 30 MJ MJ(-1) for stumps and willow was found. Harvesting forest residues from the studied landscape resulted in climate impacts of around 0.8.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for branches and tops, and 1.3.10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat for stumps. Willow energy gave the lowest climate impact of about -0.6,10(-15) K MJ(-1) heat. The landscape analysis showed that spatial variations in the region had an effect on energy efficiency and climate impact, but that this effect was relatively small. A more important factor was the time frame chosen for the analysis, especially for long-rotation forest systems. Methodological choices such as spatial scale (stand or landscape perspective), allocation method and functional unit also influenced the results.
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| 7. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate impact assessment of willow energy from a landscape perspective : A Swedish case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:5, s. 973-985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Locally produced bioenergy can decrease the dependency on imported fossil fuels in a region, while also being valuable for climate change mitigation. Short-rotation coppice willow is a potentially high-yielding energy crop that can be grown to supply a local energy facility. This study assessed the energy performance and climate impacts when establishing willow on current fallow land in a Swedish region with the purpose of supplying a bio-based combined heat and power plant. Time-dependent life cycle assessment (LCA) was combined with geographic information system (GIS) mapping to include spatial variation in terms of transport distance, initial soil organic carbon content, soil texture and yield. Two climate metrics were used [global warming potential (GWP) and absolute global temperature change potential (AGTP)], and the energy performance was determined by calculating the energy ratio (energy produced per unit of energy used). The results showed that when current fallow land in a Swedish region was used for willow energy, an average energy ratio of 30 MJ MJ-1 (including heat, power and flue gas condensation) was obtained and on average 84.3 Mg carbon per ha was sequestered in the soil during a 100-year time frame (compared with the reference land use). The processes contributing most to the energy use during one willow rotation were the production and application of fertilizers (~40%), followed by harvest (~35%) and transport (~20%). The temperature response after 100 years of willow cultivation was -6·10-16K MJ-1 heat, which is much lower compared with fossil coal and natural gas (70·10-16K MJ-1 heat and 35·10-16 K MJ-1 heat, respectively). The combined GIS and time-dependent LCA approach developed here can be a useful tool in systematic analysis of bioenergy production systems and related land use effects.
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| 8. |
- Hammar, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Impact of Willow Grown for Bioenergy in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 7:4, s. 1529-1540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-rotation coppice willow (SRCW) is a fast-growing and potentially high-yielding energy crop. Transition to bioenergy has been identified in Sweden as one strategy to mitigate climate change and decrease the current dependency on fossil fuel. In this study, life cycle assessment was used to evaluate and compare the climate impacts of SRCW systems, for the purpose of evaluating key factors influencing the climate change mitigation potential of SRCW grown on agricultural land in Sweden. Seven different scenarios were defined and analysed to identify the factors with the most influence on the climate. A carbon balance model was used to model carbon fluxes between soil, biomass and atmosphere under Swedish growing conditions. The results indicated that SRCW can act as a temporary carbon sink and therefore has a mitigating effect on climate change. The most important factor in obtaining a high climate change-mitigating effect was shown to be high yield. Low yield gave the worst mitigating effect of the seven scenarios, but it was still better than the effect of the reference systems, district heating produced from coal or natural gas.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hammar, Torun
(författare)
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Climate impacts of woody biomass use for heat and power production in Sweden
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global warming is a result of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from fossil fuel use, but also from land use changes. To mitigate climate change, fossil fuel-based energy systems need to be replaced with alternative energy sources. Here bioenergy can play an important role, since this renewable fuel is considered to be carbon-neutral, meaning that no extra carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted to the atmosphere. However, carbon-neutral is not the same as climate-neutral and, while the CO2 from biomass use was once, and will again, be captured during plant growth, the temporary imbalance in the atmosphere can have consequences for the climate. Furthermore, bioenergy supply chains generally consume fossil fuels and producing biomass for energy requires land, which can lead to carbon stock changes. This thesis examined the climate impact and energy performance of bioenergy from short-rotation coppice willow and long-rotation forest residues. Willow is a dedicated energy crop grown on agricultural land for energy, while forest residues (tops, branches and stumps) are a by-product harvested after final felling in conventional forests. A time-dependent life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to capture the timing of greenhouse gas fluxes, including biogenic carbon (carbon stored in biomass and soil). In addition, a new method that combines time-dependent LCA with GIS mapping, and thus assesses the climate impact over a landscape, was developed. The results showed that growing willow on former fallow land can give a negative climate impact (cooling effect) by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere in biomass and soil and by achieving high productivity, which is important for the final outcome. Initial soil organic carbon content was shown to have a large influence on future carbon stocks. Harvesting forest residues for energy gave a higher climate impact than harvesting willow, with forest stumps giving a slightly higher climate impact than tops and branches. Moreover, forest residues harvested in northern Sweden gave a slightly higher climate impact than forest residues harvested in the south. All bioenergy feedstocks studied gave a lower climate impact than hard coal and natural gas over time and the climate benefit of replacing these fossil fuels increased over time when studying continuous energy outtake (landscape perspective).
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