| 1. |
- Albanese-O'Neill, A., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in HbA1c Between 2011 and 2017 in Germany/Austria, Sweden, and the United States: A Lifespan Perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1520-9156 .- 1557-8593. ; 24:1, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study assessed hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) across the lifespan in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Germany/Austria, Sweden, and the United States between 2011 and 2017 to ascertain temporal and age-related trends. Methods: Data from the Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) (n = 25,651 in 2011, n = 29,442 in 2017); Swedish Pediatric Diabetes Quality Registry (SWEDIABKIDS)/National Diabetes Register (NDR), (n = 44,474 in 2011, n = 53,690 in 2017); and T1D Exchange (n = 16,198 in 2011, n = 17,087 in 2017) registries were analyzed by linear regression to compare mean HbA1c overall and by age group. Results: Controlling for age, sex, and T1D duration, HbA1c increased in the United States between 2011 and 2017, decreased in Sweden, and did not change in Germany/Austria. Controlling for sex and T1D duration, mean HbA1c decreased between 2011 and 2017 in all age cohorts in Sweden (P < 0.001). In the United States, HbA1c stayed the same for participants <6 years and 45 to <65 years and increased in all other age groups (P < 0.05). In Germany/Austria, HbA1c stayed the same for participants <6 to <13 years and 18 to <25 years; decreased for participants ages 13 to <18 years (P < 0.01); and increased for participants >= 25 years (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The comparison of international trends in HbA1c makes it possible to identify differences, explore underlying causes, and share quality improvement processes. National quality improvement initiatives are well accepted in Europe but have yet to be implemented systematically in the United States. However, disparities created by the lack of universal access to health care coverage, unequal access to diabetes technologies (e.g., continuous glucose monitoring) regardless of insurance status, and high out-of-pocket cost for the underinsured ultimately limit the potential of quality improvement initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Birkebaek, Niels H., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes: an international multicentre study based on data from 13 national diabetes registries
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 10:11, s. 786-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background An increased prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children was observed in various diabetes centres worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify potential predictors of changes in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence during the pandemic.Methods For this international multicentre study, we used data from 13 national diabetes registries (Australia, Austria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, USA [Colorado], and Wales). The study population comprised 104 290 children and adolescents aged 6 months to younger than 18 years, who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2021. The observed diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence in 2020 and 2021 was compared to predictions based on trends over the pre-pandemic years 2006-19. Associations between changes in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures were examined with excess all-cause mortality in the whole population and the Stringency Index from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker.Findings 87 228 children and adolescents were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 2006 and 2019, 8209 were diagnosed in 2020, and 8853 were diagnosed in 2021. From 2006 to 2019, diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was present in 23 775 (27middot3%) of 87 228 individuals and the mean annual increase in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis in the total cohort from 2006 to 2019 was 1middot6% (95% CI 1middot3 to 1middot9). The adjusted observed prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was 39middot4% (95% CI 34middot0 to 45middot6) in 2020 and 38middot9% (33middot6 to 45middot0) in 2021, significantly higher than the predicted prevalence of 32middot5% (27middot8 to 37middot9) for 2020 and 33middot0% (28middot3 to 38middot5) for 2021 (p<0middot0001 for both years). The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis was associated with the pandemic containment measures, with an estimated risk ratio of 1middot037 (95% CI 1middot024 to 1middot051; p<0middot0001) per ten-unit increase in the Stringency Index for 2020 and 1middot028 (1middot009 to 1middot047; p=0middot0033) for 2021, but was not significantly associated with excess all-cause mortality.Interpretation During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a marked exacerbation of the pre-existing increase in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children. This finding highlights the need for early and timely diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents.Funding German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, German Robert Koch Institute, German Diabetes Association, German Diabetes Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Welsh Government, Central Denmark Region, and Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions.Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Birkebaek, N. H., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes: an international multicentre study based on data from 13 national diabetes registries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-8587. ; 10:11, s. 786-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background An increased prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children was observed in various diabetes centres worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify potential predictors of changes in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence during the pandemic.Methods For this international multicentre study, we used data from 13 national diabetes registries (Australia, Austria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, USA [Colorado], and Wales). The study population comprised 104 290 children and adolescents aged 6 months to younger than 18 years, who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2021. The observed diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence in 2020 and 2021 was compared to predictions based on trends over the pre-pandemic years 2006-19. Associations between changes in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures were examined with excess all-cause mortality in the whole population and the Stringency Index from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker.Findings 87 228 children and adolescents were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 2006 and 2019, 8209 were diagnosed in 2020, and 8853 were diagnosed in 2021. From 2006 to 2019, diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was present in 23 775 (27middot3%) of 87 228 individuals and the mean annual increase in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis in the total cohort from 2006 to 2019 was 1middot6% (95% CI 1middot3 to 1middot9). The adjusted observed prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was 39middot4% (95% CI 34middot0 to 45middot6) in 2020 and 38middot9% (33middot6 to 45middot0) in 2021, significantly higher than the predicted prevalence of 32middot5% (27middot8 to 37middot9) for 2020 and 33middot0% (28middot3 to 38middot5) for 2021 (p<0middot0001 for both years). The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis was associated with the pandemic containment measures, with an estimated risk ratio of 1middot037 (95% CI 1middot024 to 1middot051; p<0middot0001) per ten-unit increase in the Stringency Index for 2020 and 1middot028 (1middot009 to 1middot047; p=0middot0033) for 2021, but was not significantly associated with excess all-cause mortality.Interpretation During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a marked exacerbation of the pre-existing increase in diabetic ketoacidosis prevalence at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children. This finding highlights the need for early and timely diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents.Funding German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, German Robert Koch Institute, German Diabetes Association, German Diabetes Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Welsh Government, Central Denmark Region, and Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions.Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Boman, Åse, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Fathers' encounter of support from paediatric diabetes teams : the tension between general recommendations and personal experience
- 2013
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 21:3, s. 263-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore and discuss how fathers involved in caring for a child with type 1 diabetes experienced support from Swedish paediatric diabetes teams (PDTs) in everyday life with their child. Eleven fathers of children with type 1 diabetes, living in Sweden and scoring high on involvement on the Parental Responsibility Questionnaire, participated. Data were collected from January 2011 to August 2011, initially through online focus group discussions in which 6 of 19 invited fathers participated. Due to high attrition, the data collection continued in eight individual interviews. A semi-structured interview guide was used, and the fathers were asked to share experiences of their PDT's support in everyday life with their child. A simultaneous and constant comparison approach to data collection and analysis allowed the core category to emerge: the tension between general recommendations and personal experience. This core category illuminates how the fathers experienced tension between managing their unique everyday life with their child and balancing this to meet their PDT's expectations with regard to blood glucose levels. The core category was supported by two categories: the tension between the fathers'and their PDT's knowledge, whereby fathers reported discrepancies between their PDT's medical knowledge and their own unique knowledge of their child; and the tension between the fathers'and their PDT's goals, whereby the fathers identified differences between the familys' and their PDT's goals. As a dimension of the core category, fathers felt trust or distrust in their PDT. We conclude that to achieve high-quality support for children with diabetes and to enhance their health and well-being, involved fathers' knowledge of their unique family situation needs to be integrated into the diabetes treatment.
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| 6. |
- Boman, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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Fathers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes : Perceptions of a Father's Involvement From a Health Promotion Perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Family Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1074-8407 .- 1552-549X. ; 20:3, s. 337-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes how fathers of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes understand their involvement in their child's daily life from a health promotion perspective. Sixteen Swedish fathers of children living with type 1 diabetes were interviewed. Manifest and latent content analysis was used to identify two themes: the inner core of the father's general parental involvement and the additional involvement based on the child's diabetes. The former was underpinned by the fathers' prioritization of family life and the fathers being consciously involved in raising the child, and the latter by the fathers promoting and controlling the child's health and promoting and enabling the child's autonomy. The results highlight that the quality of the fathers' involvement is essential in the management of a child's chronic illness. It is important for pediatric diabetes health care professionals to assess the quality of fathers' involvement to promote the child's health.
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| 7. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring improved metabolic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes : A controlled crossover study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - Elk Grove Village, IL, United States : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 111:5, s. 933-938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To improve metabolic control and prevent complications, both acute and late, we need to adjust treatment on the basis of the blood glucose (BG) profile, as not even the most active BG self-monitoring gives sufficient information. Design. We have used Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS, Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) in a controlled crossover study including 27 diabetic patients aged 12.5 ± 3.3 (mean, standard deviation, range: 5-19) years. All patients were treated with intensive insulin therapy, 14 with multiple injections, and 13 with pumps. The patients were randomized into an open or blind study arm. Both arms wore the CGMS sensor for 3 days every 2 weeks. CGMS profiles were used in the open study arm to adjust insulin therapy at follow-up visits every 6 weeks. Both the patients and the diabetes team were masked to the CGMS profiles in the blinded arm, and insulin therapy adjustments were based solely on 7-point BG profiles performed by the patients. At 3 months the 2 study arms were crossed over. Results. Despite initial problems with a device new to both patients and the diabetes team, hemoglobin A1C decreased significantly in the open arm (from 7.70%-7.31%) but not in the blind arm (7.75%-7.65%). A total of 26/27 patients experienced daytime low subcutaneous glucose (<3.0 mmol/L, .8 episodes/day, duration 58 ± 29 minutes, 5.5% of total time), and 27/27 patients had at least 1 nocturnal episode of low subcutaneous glucose (.4 episodes/night, duration 132 ± 81 minutes, 10.1% of total time). Conclusions. Use of CGMS facilitated an improved treatment, and patients received new insight and increased motivation. In this study, we found CGMS to be a useful tool for education and improving metabolic control.
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| 8. |
- Prahalad, P., et al.
(författare)
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Hemoglobin A1c trajectories in the first 18 months after diabetes diagnosis in the SWEET diabetes registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 23:2, s. 228-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: A majority of youth with type 1 diabetes do not meet recommended hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets. The SWEET diabetes registry is a multi-national registry of youth with diabetes. We used data from this registry to identify characteristics associated with glycemic control. Methods: Patients in the SWEET diabetes registry with at least one HbA1c value within 10 days of diagnosis and three follow up measurements in the first 18 months of diagnosis were included (similar to 10% of the SWEET diabetes registry). Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to generate curves of HbA1c. Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, chi 2-tests were used to calculate differences between groups. Results: The mean HbA1c of youth in the SWEET diabetes registry is highest at diagnosis and lowest between months 4 and 5 post-diabetes diagnosis. HbA1c continues to increase steadily through the first 18 months of diagnosis. There are no differences in HbA1c trajectories based on sex or use of diabetes technology. Youth in North America/Australia/New Zealand had the highest HbA1c throughout the first 18 months of diagnosis. The trajectory of youth from countries with nationalized health insurance was lower than those countries without nationalized health insurance. Youth from countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) had the highest HbA1c throughout the first 18 months of diagnosis. Conclusions: In this subset of patients, the trajectory of youth from countries with nationalized health insurance was lower than those countries without nationalized health insurance. High GDP and high use of technology did not seem to protect from a higher trajectory.
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| 9. |
- Samuelsson, John, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune comorbidity in type 1 diabetes and its association with metabolic control and mortality risk in young people: a population-based study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : SPRINGER. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: This register-based study aimed to describe autoimmune comorbidity in children and young adults from type 1 diabetes onset, and to investigate whether such comorbidity was associated with a difference in HbA1c or mortality risk compared with children/young adults with type 1 diabetes without autoimmune comorbidity. Methods: A total of 15,188 individuals from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, registered with type 1 diabetes before 18 years of age between 2000 and 2019, were included. Five randomly selected control individuals from the Swedish population (Statistics Sweden) were matched to each individual with type 1 diabetes (n=74,210 [346 individuals with type 1 diabetes were not found in the Statistics Sweden register at the date of type 1 diabetes diagnosis, so could not be matched to control individuals]). The National Patient Register was used to attain ICD-10 codes on autoimmune diseases and the Cause of Death Register was used to identify deceased individuals. Results: In the total type 1 diabetes cohort, mean±SD age at onset of type 1 diabetes was 9.5±4.4 years and mean disease duration at end of follow-up was 8.8±5.7 years. Of the individuals with type 1 diabetes, 19.2% were diagnosed with at least one autoimmune disease vs 4.0% of the control group. The HRs for comorbidities within 19 years from onset of type 1 diabetes were 11.6 (95% CI 10.6, 12.6) for coeliac disease, 10.6 (95% CI 9.6, 11.8) for thyroid disease, 1.3 (95% CI 1.1, 1.6) for psoriasis, 4.1 (95% CI 3.2, 5.3) for vitiligo, 1.7 (95% CI 1.4, 2.2) for rheumatic joint disease, 1.0 (95% CI 0.8, 1.3) for inflammatory bowel disease, 1.0 (95% CI 0.7, 1.2) for systemic connective tissue disorder, 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.9) for uveitis, 18.3 (95% CI 8.4, 40.0) for Addison’s disease, 1.8 (95% CI 0.9, 3.6) for multiple sclerosis, 3.7 (95% CI 1.6, 8.7) for inflammatory liver disease and 19.6 (95% CI 4.2, 92.3) for atrophic gastritis. Autoimmune disease in addition to type 1 diabetes had no statistically significant effect on HbA1c or mortality risk. Conclusions/interpretation: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study where young individuals with type 1 diabetes were followed regarding development of a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases, from onset of type 1 diabetes. In this nationwide and population-based study, there was already a high prevalence of autoimmune diseases in childhood, especially coeliac and thyroid disease. The presence of autoimmune comorbidity did not have a statistically significant effect on metabolic control or mortality risk. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 10. |
- Steineck, Isabelle I. K., et al.
(författare)
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First year national Swedish paediatric Hba1c data are at the level of several intervention studies : Results from a Swedish nationwide diabetes register study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To study the progression of HbA1c after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents during 2010-2019 with emphasis on HbA1c nadir 3-6 months after onset.METHODS: Partial funding was secured for this study. The Swedish paediatric diabetes quality register SWEDIABKIDS has >95 % coverage of type 1 diabetes up to 18 years. A mixed model for repeated measurements was used to estimate differences in HbA1c between onset year periods.RESULTS: We followed 6,891 patients over two years from onset (48,292 HbA1c values). We found a gradual decrease in mean HbA1c 24 months after onset from 56.0 mmol/mol (7.28 %) in 2010/11 to 50.5 mmol/mol (6.77 %) in 2018/19, which is at the level of several recent intervention studies. The initial drop in HbA1c from onset until 3 and 6 months has become more pronounced in recent years. There was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c at 3 and 6 months with 12, 18 and 24 months. Percentage of severe hypoglycaemic coma was higher (5.1 % vs 3.4 %; p = 0.023) in 2010/2011 than 2018/2019, but the absolute risk of ketoacidosis was essentially unchanged, (1.5 % to 0.8 %, p = 0.110)Conclusions/interpretation: There was a continuous decrease in HbA1c over the study period 2010-2019, which coincides in time with an increased use of diabetes technology and lowering the HbA1c target to 48 mmol/mol (6.5 %). The decrease in 2-year HbA1c was preceded by a lower HbA1c nadir, which may set the trajectories for coming HbA1c and be a modifiable factor for a long-term improvement in metabolic control.
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