| 1. |
- Api, Anne Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Risk Assessment of Contact Sensitization: Clinical Data to Assess Utility of the Model
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dermatitis. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1710-3568. ; 21:4, s. 207-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Contact hypersensitivity quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for fragrance ingredients is being used to establish new international standards for all fragrance ingredients that are potential skin sensitizers. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the retrospective clinical data on three fragrance ingredients in order to provide a practical assessment of the predictive value of the QRA approach. It is important to have data to assess that the methodology provides a robust approach for primary prevention of contact sensitization induction for fragrance ingredients identified as potential sensitizers. Methods: This article reviews clinical data for three fragrance ingredients cinnamic aldehyde, citral, and isoeugenol to assess the utility of the QRA approach for fragrance ingredients. Results: This assessment suggests that had the QRA approach been available at the time standards were established for these fragrance ingredients, the clinical response might have been noticeably improved. Prospectively, with the establishment of QRA-derived standards, there should be a continued downward trend in patch test-positive rates for cinnamic aldehyde, citral, and isoeugenol over time. Conclusion: While it is recognized that the availability of retrospective data is limited, a longitudinal review of these data gives confidence that the QRA approach should be an effective tool for primary prevention. This study also highlights the importance of continued active monitoring of clinical patch-test data for fragrance ingredients.
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| 2. |
- Leitenberger, Sabra, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a Parent-Reported Diagnostic Instrument in a U.S. Referral Population : The Childhood Eczema Questionnaire
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric Dermatology. - : Wiley. - 0736-8046. ; 34:4, s. 398-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: There is a paucity of validated tools for diagnosing atopic dermatitis (AD) in very young children that do not rely on clinical evaluation. The Childhood Eczema Questionnaire (CEQ)-a diagnostic tool for AD in children younger than 2 years that a caretaker can complete-was recently validated in Sweden. The objective of this study was to validate the tool in a U.S. population. As a substudy, we added an additional question that was independently assessed. Methods: Children younger than 2 years old were recruited from a dermatology clinic. Their caretakers completed a questionnaire containing the original tool's three questions as well as a fourth question that increased the time frame measured from 1 week to 6 months. Questionnaires with all "yes" answers were considered positive and were compared with a dermatologist diagnosis of AD. Results: A total of 283 subjects were recruited. The first three questions (the original CEQ) predicted a positive diagnosis of AD with a sensitivity of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58, 0.82) and a specificity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.87, 0.95). In a separate analysis we included the first two questions and the fourth question and found that the sensitivity increased to 0.82 (95% CI 0.69, 0.90) with a specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83, 0.93). Conclusion: This study validates a novel parental questionnaire for the diagnosis of AD in children younger than 2 years in a U.S. clinic population.
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