| 1. |
- Dizdar (Dizdar Segrell), Nil, et al.
(författare)
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L-dopa pharmacokinetics studied with microdialysis in patients with Parkinson's disease and a history of malignant melanoma
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 100:4, s. 231-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The pharmacokinetics of free L-dopa in blood and tissue of five parkinsonian patients with malignant melanoma was studied with microdialysis. In one case the effect of L-dopa treatment on 5-S-cysteinyldopa and the melanoma was studied. Gastric emptying and its effects on free L-dopa in blood were also investigated in one of the patients.METHODS: Five patients were given 100 mg L-dopa with 25 mg benserazide. Blood and dialysates from the circulation and fatty tissue were collected for analysis. [13C]-Octanoic breath test was used for analyzing gastric half-emptying time.RESULTS: Four of the patients had similar pharmacokinetic patterns for L-dopa and a significant (P < 0.05) increase of serum 5-S-cysteinyldopa occurring 30 min after L-dopa intake. Delayed L-dopa peaks and slow gastric half-emptying time were found in 1 patient. A dose-dependent increase of 5-S-cysteinyldopa occurred but no melanoma metastases were seen during long-term L-dopa therapy.CONCLUSION: L-dopa therapy increases 5-S-cysteinyldopa levels but does not seem to cause progress of melanomas. Gastric emptying impacts L-dopa pharmacokinetics.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition and energy expenditure in response to physical activity in 1.5-year-old children studied by means of the doubly labeled water method
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During recent decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood has increased and studies of the mechanisms involved are motivated. Previous research has shown a correlation between total body fat (TBF) (%) and physical activity level (PAL) but the assessment of PAL has often involved a risk for spurious correlations. Thus we compared PAL calculated using basal metabolic rate (BMR) predicted from equations, based on body weight (PALBMR) and associated with a risk for spurious correlations, with PAL calculated using sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) assessed using indirect calorimetry (PALSMR) in 20 healthy children aged 1.5 years. Total energy expenditure and body fatness were assessed using the doubly labelled water method. Body fatness of these children was also assessed at one week and three months of age. PALBMR was significantly (r=-0.48, p=0.03) correlated with TBF (%) while PALSMR was not. Furthermore, the increase in body fatness between three months and 1.5 years was significantly (r=-0.52, p=0.02) correlated with PALSMR at the age of 1.5 years. Our results indicate complex relationships between body fatness and physical activity in early life. When conducting studies in this area, resting energy metabolism should be measured rather than predicted using equations based on body weight.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition and energy expenditure in response to physical activity in 1.5-year-old children studied by means of the doubly labeled water method
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During recent decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood has increased and studies of the mechanisms involved are motivated. Previous research has shown a correlation between total body fat (TBF) (%) and physical activity level (PAL) but the assessment of PAL has often involved a risk for spurious correlations. Thus we compared PAL calculated using basal metabolic rate (BMR) predicted from equations, based on body weight (PALBMR) and associated with a risk for spurious correlations, with PAL calculated using sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) assessed using indirect calorimetry (PALSMR) in 20 healthy children aged 1.5 years. Total energy expenditure and body fatness were assessed using the doubly labelled water method. Body fatness of these children was also assessed at one week and three months of age. PALBMR was significantly (r=-0.48, p=0.03) correlated with TBF (%) while PALSMR was not. Furthermore, the increase in body fatness between three months and 1.5 years was significantly (r=-0.52, p=0.02) correlated with PALSMR at the age of 1.5 years. Our results indicate complex relationships between body fatness and physical activity in early life. When conducting studies in this area, resting energy metabolism should be measured rather than predicted using equations based on body weight.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Body-composition development during early childhood and energy expenditure in response to physical activity in 1.5-y-old children
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda, USA : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 96:3, s. 567-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased recently, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely known. Previous research has shown a correlation between the percentage of total body fat (TBF) and physical activity level (PAL). However, the PAL values used may involve a risk of spurious correlations because they are often based on predicted rather than measured estimates of resting energy metabolism. lObjectives: We studied the development of body composition during early childhood and the relation between the percentage of TBF and PAL on the basis of the measured resting energy metabolism.Design: Body composition was previously measured in 108 children when they were 1 and 12 wk old. When 44 of these children (21 girls and 23 boys) were 1.5 y old, their total energy expenditure and TBF were assessed by using the doubly labeled water method. Resting energy metabolism, which was assessed by using indirect calorimetry, was used to calculate PAL.Results: Significant correlations were shown for TBF (r = 0.32, P = 0.035) and fat-free mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.025) between values (kg) assessed at 12 wk and 1.5 y of age. For TBF (kg) a significant interaction (P = 0.035) indicated a possible sex difference. PAL at 1.5 y was negatively correlated with the percentage of TBF (r = -0.40, P = 0.0076) and the increase in the percentage of TBF between 12 wk and 1.5 y (r = 0.38, P = 0.0105).Conclusions: The results indicate that body fatness and physical activity interact during early childhood and thereby influence obesity risk. Our results are based on a small sample, but nevertheless, they motivate additional studies in boys compared with girls regarding the development of body composition during early life.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Fat-free mass hydration in newborns : assessment and implications for body composition studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:5, s. 680-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Equipment (Pea Pod) for assessing infant body density accurately and conveniently has recently become available. This density can be converted to body composition using the “Fomon” or the “Butte” model. These models differ regarding the water content in fat-free mass (hydration factor, HF). We assessed HF and its biological variability in newborns and compared results calculated using the two models at one and 12 weeks. Body volume and body weight were measured in 12 infants less than 10 days old using Pea Pod. Their total body water was assessed using isotope dilution. Their HF was found to be 80.9% with low biological variability (0.81% of average HF). Further, Pea Pod was used to assess body density of 108 infants at one and 12 weeks of age. Values for body fat (%) calculated using the “Butte” model were significantly lower than when using the “Fomon” model at one week (p<0.05) and 12 weeks (p<0.01). The difference between the two models was particularly large at one week, probably due to their different HF-values. Our HF-value is in agreement with that in the “Fomon” model and our results support the conclusion that this model is preferable when calculating body composition in infants.
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| 6. |
- Hannestad, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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beta-Alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in chronic fatigue syndrome.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 376:1-2, s. 23-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Due to the occurrence of sleep disturbances and fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), an investigation was performed to examine if there is an abnormal excretion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or its structural analogue beta-alanine in the urine from CFS patients. Both GABA and beta-alanine are inhibitory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. METHODS: The 24 h urine excretion of GABA and beta-alanine was determined by isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry in 33 CFS patients and 43 healthy controls. The degree of symptoms in both patients and controls was measured by grading of three typical CFS symptoms using a Visual Analogue Scale. RESULTS: Men had a significantly higher excretion of both beta-alanine and GABA than women. Comparing CFS patients with healthy controls showed no significant difference in excretion of neither beta-alanine nor GABA. No correlation was found between the excretion of beta-alanine or GABA and any of the three characteristic CFS symptoms measured. However, two female and two male CFS patients excreted considerably higher amounts of beta-alanine in their 24 h urine samples than control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Increased excretion of beta-alanine was found in a subgroup of CFS patients, indicating that there may be a link between CFS and beta-alanine in some CFS patients.
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| 7. |
- Hannestad, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Post-COVID sequelae effect in chronic fatigue syndrome: SARS-CoV-2 triggers latent adenovirus in the oral mucosa
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-858X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The post-viral fatigue syndromes long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have multiple, potentially overlapping, pathological processes. These include persisting reservoirs of virus, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 in long COVID patients tissues, immune dysregulation with or without reactivation of underlying pathogens, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), as we recently described in ME/CFS, and possibly yet unidentified viruses. In the present study we tested saliva samples from two cohorts for IgG against human adenovirus (HAdV): patients with ME/CFS (n = 84) and healthy controls (n = 94), with either mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or no infection. A significantly elevated anti-HAdV IgG response after SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected exclusively in the patient cohort. Longitudinal/time analysis, before and after COVID-19, in the very same individuals confirmed HAdV IgG elevation after. In plasma there was no HAdV IgG elevation. We conclude that COVID-19 triggered reactivation of dormant HAdV in the oral mucosa of chronic fatigue patients indicating an exhausted dysfunctional antiviral immune response in ME/CFS, allowing reactivation of adenovirus upon stress encounter such as COVID-19. These novel findings should be considered in clinical practice for identification of patients that may benefit from therapy that targets HAdV as well.
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| 8. |
- Hannestad, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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ß-Alanine and ?-aminobutyric acid in chronic fatigue syndrome
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 376:1-2, s. 23-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Due to the occurrence of sleep disturbances and fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), an investigation was performed to examine if there is an abnormal excretion of ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or its structural analogue ß-alanine in the urine from CFS patients. Both GABA and ß-alanine are inhibitory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Methods: The 24 h urine excretion of GABA and ß-alanine was determined by isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry in 33 CFS patients and 43 healthy controls. The degree of symptoms in both patients and controls was measured by grading of three typical CFS symptoms using a Visual Analogue Scale. Results: Men had a significantly higher excretion of both ß-alanine and GABA than women. Comparing CFS patients with healthy controls showed no significant difference in excretion of neither ß-alanine nor GABA. No correlation was found between the excretion of ß-alanine or GABA and any of the three characteristic CFS symptoms measured. However, two female and two male CFS patients excreted considerably higher amounts of ß-alanine in their 24 h urine samples than control subjects. Conclusions: Increased excretion of ß-alanine was found in a subgroup of CFS patients, indicating that there may be a link between CFS and ß-alanine in some CFS patients. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing physical activity of women of childbearing age. Ongoing work to develop and evaluate simple methods
- 2002
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Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Bulletin. - 0379-5721 .- 1564-8265. ; 23:3 SUPP, s. 30-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple methods were developed and evaluated to assess total energy expenditure in 24 healthy, Swedish women planning pregnancy. Total energy expenditure was measured by the doubly-labeled water method (reference method) and three simple methods: heart rate recording, movement registration by an accelerometer, and a questionnaire. Mean total energy expenditure obtained by the four methods varied between 2,530 kcal per 24 hours (10,570 kJ/24 hours) and 2,730 kcal per 24 hours (11,420 kJ/24 hours). No significant difference between the results obtained by the different methods was found. The mean difference between the simple method and the reference method was for the questionnaire 204 +/- 508 kcal per 24 hours (853 +/- 2,124 kJ/24 hours), for the heart rate recorder 58 +/- 338 kcal per 24 hours (241 +/- 1,416 kJ/24 hours) and for the accelerometer 6 +/- 325 kcal per 24 hours (25 +/- 1,360 kJ/24 hours). The heart rate recorder and the questionnaire overestimated high and underestimated low energy expenditures. The accelerometer and the heart rate recorder were able to assess mean total energy expenditure of groups. No systematic bias was found when the accelerometer was used.
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