| 1. |
- Hansson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Typical patterns of disordered eating among Swedish adolescents : associations with emotion dysregulation, depression, and self-esteem
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 4:28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Using the person-oriented approach, we determined the relationships between four indicators (restraint and eating, shape, and weight concerns) of disordered eating (DE), as measured by the self-reported Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), to identify typical DE patterns. We then related these patterns to clinical EDE-Q cut-off scores and emotion dysregulation, depression, self-esteem, and two categories of DE behaviors (≥2 or ≤1 "yes" responses on the SCOFF questionnaire).METHOD: Typical patterns of DE were identified in a community sample of 1,265 Swedish adolescents (Mage = 16.19, SD = 1.21; age range 13.5-19 years) using a cluster analysis. Separate analyses were performed for girls (n = 689) and boys (n = 576).RESULTS: The cluster analysis yielded a six-cluster solution for each gender. Four of the six clusters for girls and five for boys showed scores above the clinical cut-off on at least one of the four DE indicators. For girls, the two clusters that scored above the clinical cut-offs on all four DE indicators reported severe psychological problems, including high scores on emotion dysregulation and depression and low scores on self-esteem. In contrast, for boys, although two clusters reported above the clinical cut-off on all four indicators, only the cluster with exceedingly high scores on shape and weight concerns reported high emotion dysregulation and depression, and extremely low self-esteem. Furthermore, significantly more girls and boys in the most problematic DE clusters reported ≥2 "yes" responses on the SCOFF questionnaire (as opposed to ≤1 response), indicating clear signs of DE and severe psychological difficulties.CONCLUSION: We suspect that the various problematic DE patterns will require different paths back to a healthy diet. However, more research is needed to determine the developmental trajectories of these DE patterns and ensure more precise clinical cut-off scores, especially for boys. Comprehensive understanding of DE patterns might be of use to healthcare professionals for detecting DE before it develops into an eating disorder.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Lund, EPN (dnr: 2012/499).
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| 2. |
- Arehag, Marie, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes-focused evaluation of engineering programs - Inhibitor or stimulant for improvement?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International CDIO Conference, Cambridge, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, a new model for quality evaluation of higher education is being introduced. It is internationally unique. A very strong emphasis on assessing the quality of an entire education through its outcomes, defined by samples of final degree reports, is perhaps the most original feature of the model. This is claimed to enable a direct assessment of quality rather than the indirect assessment used in conventional models. The model has, however, been intensively debated during its development and first years of use. The aims of this paper are first to evaluate in what ways and to what extent the Swedish national model for evaluation of higher education contributes to the quality improvement of the evaluated programs, and second to describe and evaluate an approach for organizing the project to prepare the evaluation documentation for a large-scale education evaluation. The paper concludes that on an overall and averaged level, the project participants estimated that the model will contribute to positive effects. Specific areas are identified including ethics and focus of final degree reports. However, there is a strong variance in the data: There is a substantial fraction of participants who have not identified any improvements or weak spots, and who do not think that the evaluation preparation will positively affect education quality development. Chalmers University of Technology chose to approach the evaluation with a centrally managed project. The setup gave possibilities for rationalization through common training, supporting materials, a common document database and for information sharing across departmental boundaries. Nevertheless, the project was very time-consuming with an average of 540 hours spent for each program/degree.
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| 3. |
- Blomqvist Mickelsson, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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Self-confidence and disordered eating amongst martial artists : a cross-sectional study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Asian journal of Sports Medicine. - 2008-000X .- 2008-7209. ; 11:4, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Extreme dieting is a well-known phenomenon in combat sports, and still, little research has explored the link between extreme dieting and confidence levels among martial artists.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, extreme dieting and sport-specific self-confidence among 111 Swedish athletes practicing mixed martial arts (MMA) or Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) were examined. Athletes completed an online survey containing the Eating Disorder Examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Trait Sport-Confidence inventory (TSCI).Results: The results showed that MMA athletes dieted in more extreme ways than BJJ athletes, primarily via restricted eating. They also had higher sport-specific self-confidence, which was positively correlated with weight loss. BJJ athletes used less restrictive eating than MMA athletes, but those who did diet in extreme ways experienced lower self-confidence compared to MMA athletes.Conclusions: The results are consistent with previous studies showing rapid weight loss in MMA athletes and suggest that some martial artists are at a particular risk of extreme dieting and possible sequelae. There is a link between self-confidence and weight loss, but it seems to allude to a comprehensive explanation and is in need of further research.
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| 4. |
- Blomqvist Mickelsson, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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Self-confidence and disordered eating amongst martial artists : a cross-sectional study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Kowsar Publishing Company. - 2008-000X .- 2008-7209. ; 11:4, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Extreme dieting is a well-known phenomenon in combat sports, and still, little research has explored the link between extreme dieting and confidence levels among martial artists. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, extreme dieting and sport-specific self-confidence among 111 Swedish athletes practicing mixed martial arts (MMA) or Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) were examined. Athletes completed an online survey containing the Eating Disorder Examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Trait Sport-Confidence inventory (TSCI). Results: The results showed that MMA athletes dieted in more extreme ways than BJJ athletes, primarily via restricted eating. They also had higher sport-specific self-confidence, which was positively correlated with weight loss. BJJ athletes used less restrictive eating than MMA athletes, but those who did diet in extreme ways experienced lower self-confidence compared to MMA athletes. Conclusions: The results are consistent with previous studies showing rapid weight loss in MMA athletes and suggest that some martial artists are at a particular risk of extreme dieting and possible sequelae. There is a link between self-confidence and weight loss, but it seems to allude to a comprehensive explanation and is in need of further research.
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| 5. |
- Gao, Carol Man, et al.
(författare)
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Aβ40 oligomers identified as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
- 2010
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide, yet the development of therapeutics has been hampered by the absence of suitable biomarkers to diagnose the disease in its early stages prior to the formation of amyloid plaques and the occurrence of irreversible neuronal damage. Since oligomeric Aβ species have been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD, we reasoned that they may correlate with the onset of disease. As such, we have developed a novel misfolded protein assay for the detection of soluble oligomers composed of Aβ x-40 and x-42 peptide (hereafter Aβ40 and Aβ42) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Preliminary validation of this assay with 36 clinical samples demonstrated the presence of aggregated Aβ40 in the CSF of AD patients. Together with measurements of total Aβ42, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity greater than 95% and 90%, respectively, were achieved. Although larger sample populations will be needed to confirm this diagnostic sensitivity, our studies demonstrate a sensitive method of detecting circulating Aβ40 oligomers from AD CSF and suggest that these oligomers could be a powerful new biomarker for the early detection of AD.
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| 6. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Bullying and Pain in School-Aged Children and Adolescents : A Cross-Sectional Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: SAGE Open Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 2377-9608. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bullying is defined as repeated and unwanted aggressive behavior involving a power imbalance and hurt children and adolescents’ socioemotional functioning. The aim is to investigate associations between pain (headache, stomach pain, backache, and neck/shoulder pain) and bullying among school-aged children and adolescents. This cross-sectional school-based survey comes from the Icelandic data set in the international research network Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The study population included all Icelandic students in Grades 6, 8, and 10 (ages 11, 13, and 15 years, respectively; participation rate, 84%; n = 10,626). An anonymous standardized questionnaire was distributed and completed by students in their classrooms. About every 8 in 10 bullied students reported weekly pain (79%), compared with little over half of nonbullied students (57%). The prevalence of pain was significantly higher among bullied students compared with their nonbullied peers. Being a bullying victim was associated with an increased frequency of experiencing headaches, stomachaches, and back pain, in addition to neck or shoulder pain. It is important for mental health nurses and health professionals to ask about pain when meeting with children and adolescents as well as to inquire about their peer relationships.
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| 7. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Bullying, pain and analgesic use in school-age children
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:10, s. 1896-1900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to examine whether the self-reported use of analgesics is associated with being a victim of bullying. METHODS: This cross-sectional, school-based survey included all students in grades 6 (11 years old), 8 (13 years old) and 10 (15 years old) in Iceland (response rate: 84%; n = 11 018). The students filled out an anonymous standardised questionnaire: the Icelandic Contribution to the International Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study. RESULTS: Being bullied was associated with increased use of analgesics even after controlling for self-reported pain. CONCLUSION: Bullying occurs in all schools, and its effects on health are pervasive. Interventions aimed at reducing bullying and promoting health in schools are important and may reduce the use of analgesics in adolescents.
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