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| 2. |
- Hansson, Lena, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Curriculum emphases, mathematics and teaching practices : Swedish upper-secondary physics teachers’ views
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - 1571-0068 .- 1573-1774. ; 19, s. 499-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses physics teachers’ views about physics teaching in upper-secondary school. Their views have been investigated nationwide through a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire has been developed based on several published instruments and is part of an ongoing project on the role of mathematics in physics teaching at upper-secondary school. The selected part of the results from the analysis of the questionnaire reported on here cross-correlate physics teachers’ views about aims of physics teaching with their view of physics classroom activities, and perceived hindrances in the teaching of physics. 379 teachers responded to the questionnaire (45% response rate). The result indicates that teachers with a high agreement with a Fundamental Physics curriculum emphasis regarded mathematics as a problem for physics teaching, whereas teachers with high agreement with the curriculum emphases Physics, Technology and Societyor Knowledge Development in Physics did not do so. This means that teachers with a main focus on fundamental theories and concepts believe that mathematics is a problem to a higher extent than teachers with main focus on the role of physics in society and applied aspects or physics knowledge development do. Consequences for teaching and further research are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Malin E V, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and functional role of the mucus layers in the intestine.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 68, s. 3635-3641
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In discussions on intestinal protection, the protective capacity of mucus has not been very much considered. The progress in the last years in understanding the molecular nature of mucins, the main building blocks of mucus, has, however, changed this. The intestinal enterocytes have their apical surfaces covered by transmembrane mucins and the whole intestinal surface is further covered by mucus, built around the gel-forming mucin MUC2. The mucus of the small intestine has only one layer, whereas the large intestine has a two-layered mucus where the inner, attached layer has a protective function for the intestine, as it is impermeable to the luminal bacteria.
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| 4. |
- Thomsson, Kristina A, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed O-glycomics of the Muc2 mucin from colon of wild-type, core 1- and core 3-transferase-deficient mice highlights differences compared with human MUC2.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2423 .- 0959-6658. ; 22:8, s. 1128-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The heavily O-glycosylated mucin MUC2 constitutes the major protein in the mucosal layer that acts as a physical barrier protecting the epithelial layer in the colon. In this study, Muc2 was purified from mucosal scrapings from the colon of wild-type (WT) mice, core 3 transferase knockout (C3Gnt(-/-)) mice and intestinal epithelial cell-specific core 1 knockout (IEC C1Galt1(-/-)) mice. The Muc2 O-glycans were released by reductive β-elimination and analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative-ion mode. Muc2 from the distal colon of WT and C3Gnt(-/-) knockout mice carried a mixture of core 1- or core 2-type glycans, whereas Muc2 from IEC C1Galt1(-/-) mice carried highly sialylated core 3- and core 4-type glycans. A large portion of NeuAc in all mouse models was positioned on disialylated N-acetyllactosamine units, an epitope not reported on human colonic MUC2. Mass spectra and proton NMR spectroscopy revealed an abundant NeuAc linked to internally positioned N-acetylglucosamine on colonic murine Muc2, which also differs markedly from human MUC2. Our results highlight that murine colonic Muc2 O-glycosylation is substantially different from human MUC2, which could be one explanation for the different commensal microbiota of these two species.
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| 5. |
- Andersch-Björkman, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Large scale identification of proteins, mucins, and their O-glycosylation in the endocervical mucus during the menstrual cycle.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP. - 1535-9476. ; 6:4, s. 708-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mucus filling the human cervical opening blocks the entry to the uterus, but this has to be relative and allow for the sperm to penetrate at ovulation. We studied this mucus, its content of proteins and mucins, and the mucin O-glycosylation in cervical secretions before, during, and after ovulation. Cervical mucosal secretions from 12 subjects were collected, reduced-alkylated, separated with polyacrylamide or agarose/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and stained with silver, Alcian blue, or Coomassie Blue stain. Protein and mucin bands from before and during ovulation were digested and subsequently analyzed by nano-LC-FT-ICR MS and MS/MS. We identified 194 proteins after searches against the NCBI non-redundant protein database and an in-house mucin database. Three gel-forming (MUC5B, MUC5AC, and MUC6) and two transmembrane mucins (MUC16 and MUC1) were identified. For the analysis of mucin O-glycosylation, separated mucins from six individuals were blotted to PVDF membranes, and the O-glycans were released by reductive beta-elimination and analyzed with capillary HPLC-MS and -MS/MS. At least 50 neutral, sialic acid-, and sulfate-containing oligosaccharides were found. An increase of GlcNAc-6GalNAcol Core 2 structures and a relative decrease of NeuAc residues are typical for ovulation, and NeuAc-6GalNAcol and NeuAc-3Gal- epitopes are typical for the non-ovulatory phases. The cervical mucus at ovulation is thus characterized by a relative increase in neutral fucosylated oligosaccharides. This comprehensive characterization of the mucus during the menstrual cycle suggests mucin glycosylation as the major alteration at ovulation, but the relation to the altered physicochemical properties and sperm penetrability is still not understood.
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| 6. |
- Domino, Steven E, et al.
(författare)
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Cervical mucins carry alpha(1,2)fucosylated glycans that partly protect from experimental vaginal candidiasis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Glycoconjugate journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4986 .- 0282-0080. ; 26:9, s. 1125-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical mucins are glycosylated proteins that form a protective cervical mucus. To understand the role of mucin glycans in Candida albicans infection, oligosaccharides from mouse cervical mucins were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cervical mucins carry multiple alpha(1-2)fucosylated glycans, but alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase Fut2-null mice are devoid of these epitopes. Epithelial cells in vaginal lavages from Fut2-null mice lacked Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-I) staining for alpha(1-2)fucosylated glycans. Hysterectomy to remove cervical mucus eliminated UEA-I and acid mucin staining in vaginal epithelial cells from wild type mice indicating the cervix as the source of UEA-I positive epithelial cells. To assess binding of alpha(1-2) fucosylated glycans on C. albicans infection, an in vitro adhesion assay was performed with vaginal epithelial cells from wild type and Fut2-null mice. Vaginal epithelial cells from Fut2-null mice were found to bind increased numbers of C. albicans compared to vaginal epithelial cells obtained from wild type mice. Hysterectomy lessened the difference between Fut2-null and wild type mice in binding of C. ablicans in vitro and susceptibility to experimental C. albicans vaginitis in vivo. We generated a recombinant fucosylated MUC1 glycanpolymer to test whether the relative protection of wild type mice compared to Fut2-null mice could be mimicked with exogenous mucin. While a small portion of the recombinant MUC1 epitopes displayed alpha(1-2)fucosylated glycans, the predominant epitopes were sialylated due to endogenous sialyltransferases in the cultured cells. Intravaginal instillation of recombinant MUC1 glycanpolymer partially reduced experimental yeast vaginitis suggesting that a large glycanpolymer, with different glycan epitopes, may affect fungal burden.
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| 7. |
- Fu, Jianxin, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of intestinal core 1-derived O-glycans causes spontaneous colitis in mice.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 1558-8238. ; 121:4, s. 1657-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucin-type O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) are primary components of the intestinal mucins that form the mucus gel layer overlying the gut epithelium. Impaired expression of intestinal O-glycans has been observed in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but its role in the etiology of this disease is unknown. Here, we report that mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans, the predominant form of O-glycans, developed spontaneous colitis that resembled human UC, including massive myeloid infiltrates and crypt abscesses. The colitis manifested in these mice was also characterized by TNF-producing myeloid infiltrates in colon mucosa in the absence of lymphocytes, supporting an essential role for myeloid cells in colitis initiation. Furthermore, induced deletion of intestinal core 1-derived O-glycans caused spontaneous colitis in adult mice. These data indicate a causal role for the loss of core 1-derived O-glycans in colitis. Finally, we detected a biosynthetic intermediate typically exposed in the absence of core 1 O-glycan, Tn antigen, in the colon epithelium of a subset of UC patients. Somatic mutations in the X-linked gene that encodes core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific chaperone 1 (C1GALT1C1, also known as Cosmc), which is essential for core 1 O-glycosylation, were found in Tn-positive epithelia. These data suggest what we believe to be a new molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of UC.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson Asting, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Copy Number Variations in Colon Mucosa Indicating Risk for Colorectal Cancer.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Therapy. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2151-1934 .- 2151-1942. ; 5:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sporadic colorectal tumors probably carry genetic alterations that may be related to familiar clusters according to risk loci visualized by SNP arrays on normal tissues. The aim of the present study was therefore to search for DNA regions (copy number variations, CNVs) as biomarkers associated to genetic susceptibility for early risk predictions of colorectal cancer. Such sequence alterations could provide additional information on phenotypic grouping of patients. Material and Methods: High resolution 105K oligonucleotide microarrays were used in search for CNV loci in DNA from tumor-free colon mucosa at primary operations for colon cancer in 60 unselected patients in comparison to DNA in buffy coat cells from 44 confirmed tumor-free and healthy blood donors. Array-detected CNVs were confirmed by Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Results: A total number of 205 potential CNVs were present in DNA from colon mucosa. 184 (90%) of the 205 potential CNVs had been identified earlier in mucosa DNA from healthy individuals as reported to the Database of Genomic Variants. Remaining 21 (10%) CNVs were potentially novel sites. Two CNVs (3q23 and 10q21.1) were significantly related to colon cancer, but not confirmed in buffy coat DNA from the cancer patients. Conclusion: Our study reveals two CNVs that indicate increased risk for colon cancer; these DNA alterations may have been acquired by colon stem cells with subsequent appearance among epithelial mucosa cells. Impact: Certain mucosa CNV alterations may indicate individual susceptibility for malignant transformation in relationship to intestinal toxins and bacterial growth.
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| 9. |
- Hansson, Caroline, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A possible association between panic disorder and a polymorphism in the preproghrelin gene
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 206:1, s. 22-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the preproghrelin gene are associated with anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder, in humans. Panic disorder is a severe anxiety disorder, characterized by sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety in combination with somatic symptoms. The preproghrelin gene codes for two gut-derived circulating peptides that have been linked to anxiety-like behaviour in rodents: ghrelin (an orexigenic, pro-obesity hormone) and obestatin. In the present study, we genotyped three missense mutations in the preproghrelin gene in 215 patients suffering from panic disorder and in 451 controls. The A allele of the rs4684677 polymorphism was significantly associated with panic disorder, while there were no significant associations with the two other polymorphisms studied. We conclude that the rs4684677 (Gln90Leu) polymorphism in the preproghrelin gene may be associated with increased risk of panic disorder. It will be important to confirm these findings in additional panic disorder patient groups.
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