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| 3. |
- Baldetorp, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Reproducibility in DNA flow cytometric analysis of breast cancer: comparison of 12 laboratories' results for 67 sample homogenates
- 1995
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Ingår i: Cytometry. - : Wiley. - 0196-4763 .- 1097-0320. ; 22:2, s. 115-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis yields information on ploidy status and the S-phase fraction (SPF), variables of prognostic importance in breast cancer. The clinical value of the SPF is currently being evaluated in prospective randomized trials. The widespread use of FCM DNA analysis emphasizes the importance of reproducibility (both intra- and interlaboratory). In this study, 67 nuclear suspensions of breast cancer samples were analyzed by 12 laboratories routinely performing FCM DNA analysis in breast cancer. No general guidelines were imposed; each laboratory used its own standard protocols. For DNA ploidy status (diploid vs. non-diploid), agreement was complete for 79% (53/67) of the samples, compared with 64% (43/67) of samples when tetraploidy was considered [i.e., euploid (diploid+tetraploid) vs. aneuploid (the remaining non-diploid)]. For the SPF, pairwise comparison of the results of all 12 laboratories yielded a mean Spearman's rank correlation of 0.78 (range: 0.54-0.93). For those 39 samples being categorized in low or high SPF by all laboratories, all agreed in 14 samples (36%). Similar patterns were obtained with kappa measures, agreement being good for ploidy status (diploid vs. non-diploid; overall kappa = 0.87 and 0.74 for euploid vs. aneuploid), but moderate for the SPF [overall kappa = 0.47 (for low SPF vs. high SPF vs. "no SPF reported")]. Discrepancies were chiefly attributable to differences in the categorization of the S-phase values, rather than in FCM procedures, other critical differences being in the detection and interpretation of near-diploid and small non-diploid cell populations, the definition of tetraploidy, and the choice and execution of the method used for S-phase estimation. Based on the observations of this study, detailed guidelines for FCM analysis and interpretation of data are proposed in the Appendix. Some issues remain, however, e.g., to standardize a method for S-phase calculation and tetraploid definition.
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- Bandick, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Inward FDI and demand for skills in manufacturing firms in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 145:1, s. 111-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We observe a substantial increase in foreign ownership in Sweden in the 1990s. Did that have any effect on relative demand for skilled labor? Has technology transfers-often associated with inward FDI-led to an increased demand for skills due to skilled-biased technical change? Are there any grounds for the concerns in the public Swedish debate that more skilled activities have been moved to other countries where the headquarters are located? Estimating relative labor demand at the firm level and using propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation, we obtain support for that relative demand for skilled labor tend to rise in non-multinationals (non-MNEs)-but not in multinationals (MNEs)-that become foreign-owned. Other interesting findings are that larger presence of foreign MNEs in an industry appears to have a positive impact on the relative demand for skills in Swedish MNEs within the same industry and that the elasticity of substitution between skilled and less-skilled labor seems to be lower in MNEs than in non-MNEs.
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- Bandick, Roger, 1974-
(författare)
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Multinationals, employment and wages : microeconomic evidence from Swedish manufacturing
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis, consisting of four essays, is to study the effects of multinationals and inward FDI on employment and wage formation in Swedish manufacturing during the 1990s. Paper [1] (co-authored with Patrik Karpaty) investigates the employment effects of foreign acquisitions in acquired firms in Swedish manufacturing during the 1990s. To handle likely endogeneity problems we evaluate the effects of foreign acquisitions on the targeted firms’ employment by combining propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation. We find some evidence of positive employment effects in firms taken over by foreigners and it seems that the employment of skilled labor increases more than that of less-skilled labor. Moreover, we examine whether the employment impact of foreign ownership differs between takeovers of Swedish MNEs and non-MNEs. Our results indicate that the positive employment effects only appear in acquired non-MNEs. Furthermore, we observe shifts in skill intensities toward higher shares of skilled labor in non-MNEs taken over by foreign MNEs, but not in acquired Swedish MNEs. Paper [2] (co-authored with Pär Hansson) investigates whether the increased foreign ownership in Sweden in the 1990s have had any effects on relative demand for skilled labor. Estimating relative labor demand at the firm level and using propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation, we obtain support for relative demand for skilled labor tending to rise in non-multinationals (non-MNEs) but not in multinationals (MNEs) that become foreign owned. Other interesting findings are that a larger presence of foreign MNEs in an industry appears to have a positive impact on the relative demand for skills in Swedish MNEs within the same industry and that the elasticity of substitution between skilled and less-skilled labor seems to be lower in MNEs than in non-MNEs. Paper [3] investigates whether MNEs are more likely than non-MNEs to close down their plants, due to their footloose character. The results from using a panel of all Swedish manufacturing plants over the period 1993 and 2002 suggest that MNE plants, and in particular Swedish MNE plants, have a higher probability of exiting the market than non-MNE plants. The outcome is robust controlling for other variables affecting the survival rates. Among non-MNE plants, the probabilities of exit are higher in non-exporting firms than in exporting firms. Moreover, the increased foreign presence in Swedish manufacturing seems, due to intensified competition, to have led to the higher exit rates of plants in non-exporting non-MNEs. Plants of globally engaged indigenous firms, such as plants of Swedish MNEs and exporting non-MNEs, appear, on the other hand, to have been unaffected by the increased foreign presence. Paper [4] examines whether MNEs Swedish MNEs and foreign-owned firms pay higher wages than non-MNEs in manufacturing, controlling for firm heterogeneity and individual characteristics. In accordance with the idea that MNEs are superior in performance to other firms, I find that MNEs pay higher wages than non-MNEs, in particular for skilled labor. Yet the MNE wage premium is low; the average wages in MNEs are between 4-7 percent higher than in non-MNEs, while estimates at the individual level reduce the wage premium in MNEs to around 2-3 percent. Higher wages in foreign-owned firms may result from foreign acquisitions of high-wage firms. Alternatively, the acquired firms might have a more favorable wage growth than non-targeted domestically owned firms. My findings only lend support to the hypothesis that foreign firms select high-wage firms (especially non-MNEs) for acquisition.
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- Benford, Steve, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Storytelling Technologies to Encourage Collaboration Between Young Children
- 2000. - 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the iterative design of two collaborative storytelling technologies for young children, KidPad and the Klump. We focus on the idea of designing interfaces to subtly encourage collaboration so that children are invited to discover the added benefits of working together. This idea has been motivated by our experiences of using early versions of our technologies in schools in Sweden and the UK. We compare the approach of encouraging collaboration with other approaches to synchronizing shared interfaces. We describe how we have revised the technologies to encourage collaboration and to reflect design suggestions made by the children themselves.
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| 8. |
- Bjelke, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Crustacea : Kräftdjur - crustaceans
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010. - Uppsala : ArtDatabanken, SLU. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 487-493
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Bjälkebring, Pär, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Helping Out or Helping Yourself? Volunteering and Life Satisfaction Across the Retirement Transition : Supplemental Material
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 36:1, s. 119-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 American Psychological Association. It has been suggested that volunteering leads to increases in well-being, particularly in older and retiring adults, and that volunteering could be used as a public health intervention to increase well-being. However, the causal relationship has been questioned. We investigated the association between voluntary work and life satisfaction in a bivariate dual-change score model, using 4 years of longitudinal data from 1,123 participants from the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Both the frequency of volunteering and the level of life satisfaction increased across the retirement transition. However, baseline life satisfaction and volunteering were only marginally associated. Further, the coupling parameters suggest that higher levels of volunteering were followed by decreases in life satisfaction and that higher levels of life satisfaction were followed by increases in volunteering. These findings suggest that increasing levels of volunteering might not be a fruitful strategy for improving life satisfaction for all older adults-if people engage too much in voluntary work, it might even be detrimental for their life satisfaction. More research is needed to better understand when and for whom increased levels of volunteering might have positive effects on life satisfaction.
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