| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 3. |
- Qin, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Synthesis of Angular Selective Surfaces Based on Accurate Equivalent Circuit Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480. ; 71:6, s. 2625-2638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new efficient synthesis method of angular selective surfaces (ASSs) based on the accurate equivalent circuit model is proposed. The angular dispersion of different components under oblique incidence is modeled by virtual lumped elements in the angular domain. The processes of obtaining the equivalent circuit for substrates, electrically small grids and patch arrays are presented in detail. The synthesized circuits are simple and accurate. Full-wave simulations are carried out to obtain the angular dispersion of different structures, and the calculated results are in good agreement with those of the equivalent circuit. A third-order ASS with bandpass response and a second-order ASS with a tunable bandwidth are given as design examples. The implemented second-order ASS shows the 0.33 to 0.52 tunable bandwidth in the angular domain. The transmission loss is better than 1.2 dB when the incidence angle is 65°-77°. The simulation results and calculated results are in good agreement with the measured results.
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| 4. |
- Xian, Guang, et al.
(författare)
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Study on the growth and wear behavior of the TiAlN-based composite coating deposited on TiCN-based cermets with different binder phase
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wear. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TiAlN-based composite coating was coated on TiCN-based cermets with different binder phase by arc ion plating. The effects of binder phase within cermets substrates on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behavior of the composite coating were investigated. The results show that the growth of the composite coating is affected by binder phase in the cermets substrates. With a higher content of Co binder in the cermets, the composite coating grows faster. Ni as a binder phase in the cermets is more favorable for the growth rate of the surface coating. The grain size of the coating on 10%Co-TiCN-based cermets is the finest and the hardness is the highest. The variation of binder phase in the cermets substrates leads to different adhesion strength of the composite coating. The adhesion strength of the composite coating on the 10%Co-TiCN-based cermets is the highest, which is because of the smallest differences in hardness and thermal expansion coefficient for this coating/substrate couple. The wear behavior of composite coating on 10%Co-TiCN-based substrate is dominated by abrasive wear while that on the other cermets with Ni binder or higher content of Co binder is a mixture form of diffusion wear, oxidation wear and abrasive wear.
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| 5. |
- Xian, Lijun, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of TiC addition and Co binder content in cemented carbide substrates on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiAlN-based composite films
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of cutting technologies promotes the diversification of cutting tool materials. To better guide the design and preparation of the surface films on different tools, it is necessary to explore the relationship between substrate materials and films properties. The TiAlN-(TiAlN/CrAlSiN)-TiAlN composite films were coated on cemented carbide substrates with different content of Co binder and TiC addition by arc ion plating. The results showed that Co binder in the cemented carbide reduced the surface energies of substrates, and the film on the cemented carbide substrate with higher Co content grew slower. (Ti,W)C phase formed in the cemented carbide substrate since WC dissolved in TiC, which was favorable for the growth of film. (Ti,W)C phase in the cemented carbide substrate improved the bonding strength of the composite film, but it reduced the hardness of the film. High Co binder content in cemented carbide substrate was disadvantageous to both the adhesion and hardness of the film. The composite films deposited on the WC-6wt%Co and WC -15 wt%TiC-6wt% Co achieved the maximum hardness and best bonding strength, respectively. The wear mechanism of the composite films on all different cemented carbide substrates was the mixture form of abrasive wear, oxidative wear, diffusion and adhesive wear.
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| 6. |
- Ai, Jin Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms : An Analysis of Seven Patients in China
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-858X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial symptoms or as the main manifestations during disease progression, but the clinical characteristics of these patients are still unknown. Methods: We identified COVID-19 patients who admitted to Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital and presented with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial or main symptoms. Their medical records were reviewed by two independent clinical scientists. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: Among 142 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 7 (4.9%) of them presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. Three patients had gastrointestinal symptoms as the initial symptoms and chief complaints, and 4 patients as the main symptoms during disease progression. Six patients had symptoms of diarrhea (3–16 days), 7 with anorexia (7–22 days), 6 with upper abdominal discomfort (1–7 days), and 4 with nausea (1–7 days), 1 with heartburn lasting 2 days, and 2 with vomiting symptoms (1 day). The chest CT scan showed typical COVID-19 imaging features, and associated with the progression of the disease. During treatment, 2 patients died due to organ failure. Discussion: COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are relatively rare and might be misdiagnosed. The clinical features include watery stools, anorexia, and upper abdominal discomfort. These patients may have severe disease and be associated with a poor prognosis. The underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 related gastrointestinal symptoms need to clarify in future studies.
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| 7. |
- Ding, Xue Bing, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:3, s. 411-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is no direct evidence in humans to support this role1–5. In this study, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess meningeal lymphatic flow in cognitively normal controls and patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) or atypical Parkinsonian (AP) disorders. We found that patients with iPD exhibited significantly reduced flow through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) along the superior sagittal sinus and sigmoid sinus, as well as a notable delay in deep cervical lymph node perfusion, compared to patients with AP. There was no significant difference in the size (cross-sectional area) of mLVs in patients with iPD or AP versus controls. In mice injected with α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils, we showed that the emergence of α-syn pathology was followed by delayed meningeal lymphatic drainage, loss of tight junctions among meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and increased inflammation of the meninges. Finally, blocking flow through the mLVs in mice treated with α-syn preformed fibrils increased α-syn pathology and exacerbated motor and memory deficits. These results suggest that meningeal lymphatic drainage dysfunction aggravates α-syn pathology and contributes to the progression of PD.
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| 8. |
- Gong, Pi Xian, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive analysis of different types of ginsenosides in the different parts of American ginseng by targeted and nontargeted MS/MS scanning
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 88:12, s. 5063-5077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: To comprehensively study the ginsenosides distribution in the various tissues of American ginseng, the qualitative and quantitative-targeted and nontargeted mass spectroscopic methods were established using the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Qtrap triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QtrapQQQ-MS). The total ginsenosides of the root, stem, and leaf of American ginseng were determined by a colorimetric method, and the contents showed the order from high to low root, stem, and leaf. Eighty-two kinds of ginsenosides were detected in the different parts of American ginseng by enhanced mass scan–information-dependent data acquisition (IDA)–enhanced product ion (EPI) scan mode, including 69 from the root, 62 from the stem, and 48 from the leaf. An HPLC–multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was established, and 28 representative ginsenosides were further quantified in the three parts. Nearly all ginsenosides had the highest contents in the root and the lowest content in the leaf. Three types of ginsenosides (protopanaxadiol [PPD]-, protopanaxatiol [PPT]-, and oleanolic acid [OA]-types) were analyzed by precursor ion-IDA-EPI and MRM-IDA-EPI scan modes. Root had the most abundant ginsenosides in PPD- and PPT-type ginsenosides. Meanwhile, the OA-type ginsenosides are significantly enriched in the stem and leaf of American ginseng. The results provided a supplement to the quality assessment of American ginseng. Practical Application: The distribution profile of ginsenosides in the parts of American ginseng is different. Except for the root, the stem, and leaf of American ginseng have the most abundant ginsenosides in oleanolic acid type. The results reported herein can help the manufacturers choose appropriate materials to extract the ginsenosides.
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| 9. |
- Hao, Xian, et al.
(författare)
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Direct measurement and modulation of single-molecule coordinative bonding forces in a transition metal complex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coordination chemistry has been a consistently active branch of chemistry since Werner’s seminal theory of coordination compounds inaugurated in 1893, with the central focus on transition metal complexes. However, control and measurement of metal–ligand interactions at the single-molecule level remain a daunting challenge. Here we demonstrate an interdisciplinary and systematic approach that enables measurement and modulation of the coordinative bonding forces in a transition metal complex. Terpyridine is derived with a thiol linker, facilitating covalent attachment of this ligand on both gold substrate surfaces and gold-coated atomic force microscopy tips. The coordination and bond breaking between terpyridine and osmium are followed in situ by electrochemically controlled atomic force microscopy at the single-molecule level. The redox state of the central metal atom is found to have a significant impact on the metal–ligand interactions. The present approach represents a major advancement in unravelling the nature of metal–ligand interactions and could have broad implications in coordination chemistry.
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| 10. |
- Swami, Viren, et al.
(författare)
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The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions : Results of the International Body Project I
- 2010
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Ingår i: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. - : Sage Publications. - 0146-1672 .- 1552-7433. ; 36:3, s. 309-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.
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