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- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bakker, D. C. E., et al.
(författare)
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An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 6:1, s. 69-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO 2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models. © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
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| 6. |
- Glasier, A, et al.
(författare)
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Contraception after pregnancy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 98:11, s. 1378-1385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Milton, Debra L., et al.
(författare)
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Quorum sensing in Vibrio anguillarum : characterization of the vanI/vanR locus and identification of the autoinducer N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 179:9, s. 3004-3012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain gram-negative pathogens are known to control virulence gene expression through cell-cell communication via small diffusible signal molecules termed autoinducers. This intercellular signal transduction mechanism termed quorum sensing depends on the interaction of an N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) auto-inducer molecule with a receptor protein belonging to the LuxR family of positive transcriptional activators. Vibrio anguillarum is a gram-negative pathogen capable of causing a terminal hemorrhagic septicemia known as vibriosis in fish such as rainbow trout. In this study, we sought to determine whether V. anguillarum employs AHLs to regulate virulence gene expression. Spent V. anguillarum culture supernatants stimulated bioluminescence in a recombinant lux-based Escherichia coli AHL biosensor strain, whereas they both stimulated and inhibited AHL-mediated violacein pigment production in Chromobacterium violaceum. This finding suggested that V. anguillarum may produce multiple AHL signal molecules. Using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we identified the major V. anguillarum AHL as N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (ODHL), a structure which was unequivocally confirmed by chemical synthesis. The gene (vanI) responsible for ODHL synthesis was cloned and sequenced and shown to belong to the LuxI family of putative AHL synthases. Further sequencing downstream of vanI revealed a second gene (vanR) related to the LuxR family of transcriptional activators. Although deletion of vanI abolished ODHL synthesis, no reduction of either metalloprotease production or virulence in a fish infection model was observed. However, the vanI mutant remained capable of weakly activating both bioluminescence and violacein in the E. coli and C. violaceum biosensors, respectively, indicating the existence of additional layers of AHL-mediated regulatory complexity.
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| 9. |
- Prins, J. T. H., et al.
(författare)
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Surgical stabilization versus nonoperative treatment for flail and non-flail rib fracture patterns in patients with traumatic brain injury
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1863-9933 .- 1863-9941. ; 48:4, s. 3327-3338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Literature on outcomes after SSRF, stratified for rib fracture pattern is scarce in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; Glasgow Coma Scale <= 12). We hypothesized that SSRF is associated with improved outcomes as compared to nonoperative management without hampering neurological recovery in these patients. Methods A post hoc subgroup analysis of the multicenter, retrospective CWIS-TBI study was performed in patients with TBI and stratified by having sustained a non-flail fracture pattern or flail chest between January 1, 2012 and July 31, 2019. The primary outcome was mechanical ventilation-free days and secondary outcomes were in-hospital outcomes. In multivariable analysis, outcomes were assessed, stratified for rib fracture pattern. Results In total, 449 patients were analyzed. In patients with a non-flail fracture pattern, 25 of 228 (11.0%) underwent SSRF and in patients with a flail chest, 86 of 221 (38.9%). In multivariable analysis, ventilator-free days were similar in both treatment groups. For patients with a non-flail fracture pattern, the odds of pneumonia were significantly lower after SSRF (odds ratio 0.29; 95% CI 0.11-0.77; p = 0.013). In patients with a flail chest, the ICU LOS was significantly shorter in the SSRF group (beta, - 2.96 days; 95% CI - 5.70 to - 0.23; p = 0.034). Conclusion In patients with TBI and a non-flail fracture pattern, SSRF was associated with a reduced pneumonia risk. In patients with TBI and a flail chest, a shorter ICU LOS was observed in the SSRF group. In both groups, SSRF was safe and did not hamper neurological recovery.
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