| 1. |
- Bruzzi, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Radiation-hard semiconductor detectors for SuperLHC
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 541:1-2, s. 189-201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An option of increasing the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN to 1035 cm-2 s-1 has been envisaged to extend the physics reach of the machine. An efficient tracking down to a few centimetres from the interaction point will be required to exploit the physics potential of the upgraded LHC. As a consequence, the semiconductor detectors close to the interaction region will receive severe doses of fast hadron irradiation and the inner tracker detectors will need to survive fast hadron fluences of up to above 1016cm-2. The CERN-RD50 project "Development of Radiation Hard Semiconductor Devices for Very High Luminosity Colliders" has been established in 2002 to explore detector materials and technologies that will allow to operate devices up to, or beyond, this limit. The strategies followed by RD50 to enhance the radiation tolerance include the development of new or defect engineered detector materials (SiC, GaN, Czochralski and epitaxial silicon, oxygen enriched Float Zone silicon), the improvement of present detector designs and the understanding of the microscopic defects causing the degradation of the irradiated detectors. The latest advancements within the RD50 collaboration on radiation hard semiconductor detectors will be reviewed and discussed in this work.
|
|
| 2. |
- Jonsson, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationship between socioeconomic status and incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is dependent on age
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of epidemiology and community health. - : BMJ. - 1470-2738 .- 0143-005X. ; 74:9, s. 726-731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to see if area-level socioeconomic differences, measured in terms of area-level income and education, are associated with the incidence of OHCA, and if this relationship is dependent on age.MethodsWe included OHCAs that occurred in Stockholm County between the 1st of January 2006 and the 31st of December 2017, the victims being confirmed residents (n=10 574). We linked the home address to a matching neighbourhood (base unit) via available socioeconomic and demographic information. Socioeconomic variables and incidence rates were assessed by using cross-sectional values at the end of each year. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs).ResultsAmong 1349 areas with complete SES information, 10 503 OHCAs occurred between 2006 and 2017. The IRR in the highest versus the lowest SES area was 0.61 (0.50–0.75) among persons in the 0–44 age group. Among patients in the 45–64 age group, the corresponding IRR was 0.55 (0.47–0.65). The highest SES areas versus the lowest showed an IRR of 0.59 (0.50–0.70) in the 65–74 age group. In the two highest age groups, no significant association was seen (75–84 age group: 0.93 (0.80–1.08); 85+ age group: 1.05 (0.84–1.23)). Similar crude patterns were seen among both men and women.ConclusionsAreas characterised by high SES showed a significantly lower incidence of OHCA. This relationship was seen up to the age of 75, after which the relationship disappeared, suggesting a levelling effect.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jonsson, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with area-level socioeconomic status
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 105:8, s. 632-638
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death in the Western world. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and 30-day survival after OHCA. We hypothesised that high SES at an area level is associated with an improved chance of 30-day survival. Methods Patients with OHCA in Stockholm County between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015 were analysed retrospectively. To quantify area-level SES, we linked the patient's home address to 250 x 250/1000 x 1000 meter grids with aggregated information about income and education. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models in which area-level SES measures were adjusted for age, sex, emergency medical services response time, witnessed status, initial rhythm, aetiology, location and year of cardiac arrest. Results We included 7431 OHCAs. There was significantly greater 30-day survival (p=0.003) in areas with a high proportion of university-educated people. No statistically significant association was seen between median disposable income and 30-day survival. The adjusted OR for 30-day survival among patients in the highest educational quintile was 1.70 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.51) compared with patients in the lowest educational quintile. We found no significant interaction for sex. Positive trend with increasing area-level education was seen in both men and women but the trend was only statistically significant among men (p=0.012) Conclusions Survival to 30 days after OHCA is positively associated with the average educational level of the residential area. Area-level income does not independently predict 30-day survival after OHCA.
|
|
| 4. |
- Brault, Emily K., et al.
(författare)
-
Trophic position and foraging ecology of Ross, Weddell, and crabeater seals revealed by compound-specific isotope analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 611, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © The authors 2019. Ross seals Ommatophoca rossii are one of the least studied marine mammals, with little known about their foraging ecology. Research to date using bulk stable isotope analysis suggests that Ross seals have a trophic position intermediate between that of Weddell Leptonychotes weddellii and crabeater Lobodon carcinophaga seals. However, consumer bulk stable isotope values not only reflect trophic dynamics, but also variations in baseline isotope values, which can be substantial. We used compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSI-AA) to separate isotopic effects of a shifting baseline versus trophic structure on the foraging ecology of these ecologically important Antarctic pinnipeds. We found that Ross seals forage in an open ocean food web, while crabeater and Weddell seals forage within similar food webs closer to shore. However, isotopic evidence suggests that crabeater seals are likely following sea ice, while Weddell seals target productive areas of the continental shelf of West Antarctica. Our CSI-AA data indicate that Ross seals have a high trophic position equivalent to that of Weddell seals, contrary to prior conclusions from nitrogen isotope results on bulk tissues. CSI-AA indicates that crabeater seals are at a trophic position lower than that of Ross and Weddell seals, consistent with a krill-dominated diet. Our results redefine the view of the trophic dynamics and foraging ecology of the Ross seal, and also highlight the importance of quantifying baseline isotope variations in foraging studies.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Harkonen, H, et al.
(författare)
-
SLC26A2-Associated Diastrophic Dysplasia and rMED-Clinical Features in Affected Finnish Children and Review of the Literature
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 12:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a rare osteochondrodysplasia characterized by short-limbed short stature and joint dysplasia. DTD is caused by mutations in SLC26A2 and is particularly common in the Finnish population. However, the disease incidence in Finland and clinical features in affected individuals have not been recently explored. This registry-based study aimed to investigate the current incidence of DTD in Finland, characterize the national cohort of pediatric subjects with DTD and review the disease-related literature. Subjects with SLC26A2-related skeletal dysplasia, born between 2000 and 2020, were identified from the Skeletal dysplasia registry and from hospital patient registry and their clinical and molecular data were reviewed. Fourteen subjects were identified. Twelve of them were phenotypically classified as DTD and two, as recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED). From the subjects with available genetic data, 75% (9/12) were homozygous for the Finnish founder mutation c.-26+2T>C. Two subjects with rMED phenotype were compound heterozygous for p.Arg279Trp and p.Thr512Lys variants. The variable phenotypes in our cohort highlight the wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from a very severe form of DTD to milder forms of DTD and rMED. The incidence of DTD in Finland has significantly decreased over the past decades, most likely due to increased prenatal diagnostics.
|
|
| 7. |
- Heidejorgensen, M. P., et al.
(författare)
-
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EPIZOOTIC IN HARBOR SEALS IN THE KATTEGAT-SKAGERRAK AND ADJACENT AREAS
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447. ; 21:8, s. 511-516
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from aerial surveys of hauled-out harbor seals, Phoca vitulina, in the entire Kattegat-Skagerrak, the Limfjord and the western part of the Baltic Sea in 1989-1991 are compared with results from surveys conducted soon after the seal epizootic in 1988. The results suggest that an increase in relative abundance of seals occurred between 1988 and 1991 in the Limfjord and in most parts of the Kattegat-Skagerrak. Pup production was assessed at selected localities in the Kattegat-Skagerrak during 1978-1991. Lowered rate of pup production occurred in 1989, the year after the epizootic. However, the pup production resembled expected values in 1990-1991. The decline in 1989 was probably due either to perturbations of the reproductive cycle caused by the morbilli virus infections in 1988, or to the shortage of mature males in some areas in the 1988 mating season. The lowered pup production was also evident in the aerial surveys where no increase in relative abundance was detected during 1988-1990. Simulations based on a matrix model of the Kattegat-Skagerrak population suggest that skewed sex and age distributions will persist for decades, but a high rate of increase should enable the population to recover by 1995-1996 to a size similar to that before the epizootic.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lehnert, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Antarctic seals: Molecular biomarkers as indicators for pollutant exposure, health effects and diet
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 599, s. 1693-1704
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weddell (Leptonychotes weddellii), Ross (Ommatophoca rossii) and crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) are phocid seals with a circumpolar distribution around Antarctica. As long-lived and large top predators, they bioaccumulate contaminants and are considered as sentinels of ecosystem health. Antarctic seals are increasingly exposed to climate change, pollution, shipping and fisheries. To reveal and understand possible anthropogenic impacts on their immune and health status, this study investigates sensitive biomarkers of the xenobiotic metabolism and immune system in relation to mercury (Hg) burden. Gene-transcription studies using minimally invasive blood samples are useful to monitor physiological processes in wildlife that can be related to different stressors. Blood samples of 72 wild-caught seals (Weddell n = 33; Ross n = 12; crabeater n = 27) in the Amundsen and Ross Seas in 2008-2011 were investigated. Copy numbers per mu l mRNA transcription of xenobiotic biomarkers (aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR alpha) and immune relevant cell mediators (cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and heat-shock-protein 70 (HSP70)) were measured using reference genes Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide (YWHAZ) and ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4) by real time RT-qPCR. Hg concentration was analysed in fur. Hg concentration increased with body weight and standard length in all species. Crabeater seals showed a lower Hg concentration than Ross and Weddell seals. Species-specific differences in gene-transcription were found between all species with highest levels of AHR, ARNT and PPARa in crabeater seals. Ross seals showed highest IL-10 and HSP70 transcription, while HSP70 was exceptionally low in crabeater seals. Between Hg and HSP70 a clear negative relationship was found in all species. The species-specific, age and sex-dependent gene-transcription probably reflect dietary habits, pollutant exposure and immune status. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Sande, N, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased risk of developing atrophic gastritis in patients infected with CagA+ Helicobacter pylori
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 36:9, s. 928-933
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To clarify the possible role of CagA positive (CagA+) Helicobacter pylori strains in the development of atrophic gastritis, the prevalence of antibodies to H. pylori and CagA (120 kD protein) was studied among subjects with atrophic and non-atrophic gastritis. METHODS: The study population was randomly selected among 12,252 Finnish men who were screened for atrophic corpus gastritis with serum pepsinogen I-assay (S-PGI). S-PGI level was used as a selection criterion. Group A consisted of 295 subjects with S-PGI <25 microg/l (low), group B of 320 subjects with S-PGI 25-100 microg/l (normal) and group C of 338 subjects with S-PGI >100 microg/l (high). Antibodies to H. pylori were measured with EIA and immunoblot analysis and antibodies to CagA with immunoblot analysis. Endoscopical and histological examinations were performed for 203 patients from group A. RESULTS: The prevalence of antibodies to H. pylori was significantly lower in group B than in groups A or C (P < 0.0001, chi-squared test). There was a significant association between the prevalence of antibodies to CagA and the lowered level of S-PGI (P < 0.0001, Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test). There was also a linear decrease in the prevalence of antibodies to CagA as the atrophic corpus gastritis became more severe (P < 0.0001, linear-by-linear trend test). CONCLUSION: The presence of antibodies to CagA seems to be associated with development of atrophic corpus gastritis.
|
|
