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- Genkinger, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Central adiposity, obesity during early adulthood, and pancreatic cancer mortality in a pooled analysis of cohort studies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 26:11, s. 2257-2266
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- positively associated with pancreatic cancer. However, little evidence exists regarding the influence of central adiposity, a high BMI during early adulthood, and weight gain after early adulthood on pancreatic cancer risk. Design: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual-level data from 20 prospective cohort studies in the National Cancer Institute BMI and Mortality Cohort Consortium to examine the association of pancreatic cancer mortality with measures of central adiposity ( e. g. waist circumference; n = 647 478; 1947 pancreatic cancer deaths), BMI during early adulthood ( ages 18- 21 years) and BMI change between early adulthood and cohort enrollment, mostly in middle age or later ( n = 1 096 492; 3223 pancreatic cancer deaths). Multivariable hazard ratios ( HRs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Higher waist-to-hip ratio ( HR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02- 1.17 per 0.1 increment) and waist circumference ( HR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00- 1.14 per 10 cm) were associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer mortality, even when adjusted for BMI at baseline. BMI during early adulthood was associated with increased pancreatic cancer mortality ( HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.11- 1.25 per 5 kg/ m2), with increased risk observed in both overweight and obese individuals ( compared with BMI of 21.0 to < 23 kg/ m(2), HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.20- 1.55 for BMI 25.0 < 27.5 kg/ m2, HR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.20- 1.84 for BMI 27.5 to < 30 kg/ m2, HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.11- 1.85 for BMI = 30 kg/ m2). BMI gain after early adulthood, adjusted for early adult BMI, was less strongly associated with pancreatic cancer mortality ( HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01- 1.10 per 5 kg/ m2). Conclusions: Our results support an association between pancreatic cancer mortality and central obesity, independent of BMI, and also suggest that being overweight or obese during early adulthood may be important in influencing pancreatic cancer mortality risk later in life.
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- Wiesendorf, V, et al.
(författare)
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THE CFB BOILER IN GARDANNE - AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ITS BOTTOM ZONE
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 15th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different measurement techniques have been used to analyze the fluid dynamics in the bottom zone of the 250 MWe Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler in Gardanne, France. In particular, horizontal profiles of the local solids volume concentration have been measured with a capacitance probe and the vertical pressure profile has been measured by a probe with densely spaced pressure taps. Local velocities were measured by cross-correlating the signals of a twochannel capacitance probe. In order to get some information on the influence of the flow structure on local combustion conditions a probe has been used which combines both capacitance and zirconia-cell sensors. This probe measured simultaneously local solids volume concentrations, local velocities and the local presence of oxygen. The results show the existence of a dense bed with a bed height of about 2% of the total riser height. This bottom bed has a flow structure which is different from the core-annulus structure observed in the upper dilute zone of the CFB combustor by several researchers (e.g. Berruti et al. (1995)). The lateral solids mixing does not seem to be enough to provide an even distribution of char over the whole cross-section of the bottom bed. Nevertheless, an even temperature distribution has been found indicating that mixing is sufficient to equalize the uneven heat generation.
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