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- Hausner, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of repeated exposure on acceptance of initially disliked and liked Nordic snack bars in 9-11 year-old children
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 31:1, s. 137-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Children's food choices are guided by their preferences. It is established, however, that repeated exposure to a novel food increases children's acceptance. This study investigated how acceptance of an initially liked and disliked snack bar develops in 9-11 year-old children. Methods: 315 children were randomised into three groups: A control group (n = 111) and two groups exposed to an initially liked kamut bar (n = 94) and an initially disliked sea buckthorn bar (n = 110). Acceptance of both bars was tested before and after the exposure period, and on the 9th exposure. Results: Intake of both bars increased significantly in the exposure groups. There was no difference in the control groups' intake or liking of the bars between pre and post-testing. Liking rose significantly for children exposed to the disliked sea buckthorn bar, while this was not observed in children exposed to the liked kamut bar. In a post-test children exposed to kamut bars had higher intake of that bar than non-exposed children. This was also observed for the sea buckthorn bar that was also given significantly higher liking scores by the exposure group. Conclusions: The majority of children exposed to an initially disliked bar increase acceptance after nine exposures to the same level as an initially liked bar. Children repeatedly exposed to a liked bar show stable acceptance.
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- Hartvig, P, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of a muscarinic cholinergic agonist on acetylcholine and dopamine receptors in the monkey brain studied with positron emission tomography
- 2002
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 13:4, s. 199-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects on the binding to cholinergic and dopaminergic receptors in the brain during continuous intravenous infusion of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist milameline (CI-979) were studied in the rhesus monkey by means of positron emission tomography. Binding to milameline cholinergic receptors was quantified using the muscarinic receptor antagonist [<sup>11</sup>C]-N-methyl-4-piperidinylbenzilate ([<sup>11</sup>C]NMP), and the effects on nicotine receptor binding were measured with <i>(S)</i>-[<sup>11</sup>C-methyl]nicotine. Changes in the binding of the D<sub>2</sub> dopamine receptor antagonist [<sup>11</sup>C]raclopride were measured as well. The binding of [<sup>11</sup>C]NMP increased in most brain regions with the infusion of increasing doses of milameline from 0.5 to 10 µg/kg/h. <i>(S)</i>-[<sup>11</sup>C-methyl]nicotine binding was unchanged or increased somewhat. Binding of [<sup>11</sup>C]raclopride to the D<sub>2</sub> dopaminergic receptors in the striatum of the brain increased by 10 ± 4% following 2 µg/kg/h of milameline. The results suggest a possible action of milameline both on presynaptic muscarinic receptor subtypes as well as dopamine levels dependent on the receptor reserve of the muscarinic receptor subtypes.
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