| 1. |
- Boroughani, Mahdi, et al.
(författare)
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Application of remote sensing techniques and machine learning algorithms in dust source detection and dust source susceptibility mapping
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ecological Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1574-9541. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this research was to develop a method to produce a Dust Source Susceptibility Map (DSSM). For this purpose, we applied remote sensing and statistical-based machine learning algorithms for experimental dust storm studies in the Khorasan Razavi Province, in north-eastern Iran. We identified dust sources in the study area using MODIS satellite images during the 2005–2016 period. For dust source identification, four indices encompassing BTD3132, BTD2931, NDDI, and D variable for 23 MODIS satellite images were calculated. As a result, 65 dust source points were identified, which were categorized into dust source data points for training and validation of the machine learning algorithms. Three statistical-based machine learning algorithms were used including Weights of Evidence (WOE), Frequency Ratio (FR), and Random Forest (RF) to produce DSSM for the study region. We used land use, lithology, slope, soil, geomorphology, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and distance from river as conditioning variables in the modelling. To check the performance of the models, we applied the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). As for the AUC success rate (training), the FR and WOE algorithms resulted in 82 and 83% accuracy, respectively, while the RF algorithm resulted in 91% accuracy. As for the AUC predictive rate (validation), the accuracy of all three models, FR, WOE, and RF, were 80, 81, and 88%, respectively. Although all three algorithms produced acceptable susceptibility maps of dust sources, the results indicated better performance of the RF algorithm.
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| 2. |
- Caesar, Robert, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative proteomics of industrial lager yeast reveals differential expression of the cerevisiae and non-cerevisiae parts of their genomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 7:22, s. 4135-4147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proteomes of three industrial lager beer strains, CMBS33, OG2252 and A15, were analysed under standardised laboratory growth conditions. Protein spots in the 2-DE pattern of the lager strains were subjected to MS/MS to identify protein variants. We found the protein composition of the three lager strains to be qualitatively rather similar, while being substantially different from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4742. Database searches using several fully sequenced genomes from the Saccharomyces genera indicated that the non-cerevisiae proteins in the 2-D pattern of lager strains were most closely related to S. bayanus. For many proteins the regulation of the bayanus-like protein and its cerevisiae counterpart varied in a strain-dependent manner, e.g. the bayanus-like form of Tdh3p was roughly eight-fold more abundant than the cerevisiae form in the OG2252 strain. We also found differential regulation of cerevisiae- and bayanus-like proteins during various stress conditions like low temperature growth, and adaptation to high temperatures or high salinity, e.g. for Arg1p, Sti1p and Pdc1p. Our data on the differential regulation of the two genomes in these hybrid strains may have important industrial implications for strain improvement and strain protection. © 2007 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ghaderi Bafti, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Automated actual evapotranspiration estimation : Hybrid model of a novel attention based U-Net and metaheuristic optimization algorithms
- 2024
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - 0169-8095. ; 297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) plays a crucial role in the water and energy cycles of the earth. An accurate estimate of the ETa is essential for management of the water resources, agriculture, and irrigation, as well as research on atmospheric variations. Despite the importance of accurate ETa values, estimating and mapping them remains challenging due to the physical and biological complexity of the ET process. As a novel approach for rapid and reliable estimation of ETa, the present study develops automated deep learning (AutoDL) models that incorporate a metaheuristic optimization algorithm for image processing, architectural design, and hyperparameter tuning. The proposed AutoDL models integrate three different spatial and channel attention mechanisms, including a novel activated spatial attention mechanism (ASPAM), with the U-Net architecture. Bypassing the need for meteorological inputs, the proposed framework uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) products and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data as inputs. To evaluate the performance of the models, they are applied to three study areas in the United States with various climatic characteristics. According to the results, during the spring and summer, when the target values have higher certainty, the estimations are highly promising, with R2 as high as 0.91 and MAPE as low as 6.40%. Furthermore, the proposed ASPAM module improves the accuracy of ETa estimations compared to attention gate (AG) and squeeze and excitation (SE) attention modules. The results also indicate that the MODIS raw products and derived vegetation and water indices can predict ETa within a reliable range of accuracy, with the addition of DEM data marginally enhancing the models' performance. The automatic workflow of this model makes it significantly easy to use, contributing to its applicability and generalizability for enhancing atmospheric research.
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| 5. |
- Ghahari, Gholamreza, et al.
(författare)
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Spate irrigation of barley through floodwater harvesting in the Gareh-Bygone Plain, Iran
- 2014
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Ingår i: Irrigation and Drainage. - : Wiley. - 1531-0361 .- 1531-0353. ; 63:5, s. 599-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utilizing passive floodwater for spate irrigation in arid areas is an opportunity to use marginal water for production of crops. These techniques have only partially been studied in an extensive way. This paper describes a floodwater harvesting and spreading system for spate irrigation and field experiments for cultivation of barley. The field experiments were carried out during a three-year period. The area is noteworthy for its erratic and scarce rainfall. Due to the scarce and late rainfall, only in the second year experiment barley yield was achieved. On December 5, 2009, barley was planted in one trial plot and subsequently received spate irrigation on December 8. On December 16, 2009, barley was planted in a second trial plot and in a control plot outside the system. During the growth period, the second trial plot and the control plot only received moisture from rainfall. The total weight of barley seed and straw in the trial plots was about 1616 and 2052 kg ha-1, respectively. The total weight of barley seed and straw in the control plot, however, was only about 821 kg ha-1. The results consequently displayed a significant increase in yield for the trial plots as compared with the control plot.
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| 6. |
- Ghasemzad, M, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Gene-Correction-Based Therapeutic Modalities for Monogenic Liver Disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2306-5354. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of monogenic liver diseases are autosomal recessive disorders, with few being sex-related or co-dominant. Although orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) is currently the sole therapeutic option for end-stage patients, such an invasive surgical approach is severely restricted by the lack of donors and post-transplant complications, mainly associated with life-long immunosuppressive regimens. Therefore, the last decade has witnessed efforts for innovative cellular or gene-based therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy is a promising approach for treatment of many hereditary disorders, such as monogenic inborn errors. The liver is an organ characterized by unique features, making it an attractive target for in vivo and ex vivo gene transfer. The current genetic approaches for hereditary liver diseases are mediated by viral or non-viral vectors, with promising results generated by gene-editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Despite massive progress in experimental gene-correction technologies, limitations in validated approaches for monogenic liver disorders have encouraged researchers to refine promising gene therapy protocols. Herein, we highlighted the most common monogenetic liver disorders, followed by proposed genetic engineering approaches, offered as promising therapeutic modalities.
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| 7. |
- Haghighi, Ali Torabi, et al.
(författare)
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When rain does not run, a fingerprint of uncoordinated water resources development
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - 0022-1694. ; 629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The management of water resources in a basin can be challenging due to the sharing of water resources among multiple stakeholders and conflicting interests. This often results in imbalanced water resource development across the basin. While small and medium-sized projects are efficiently implemented in the headwater and upstream areas, the commissioning of large reservoirs faces delays due to the substantial investment required and regulatory processes involved. Also, the lack of coordination and synchronization in water resource development between upstream and downstream regions can lead to water scarcity and inefficient utilization of resources in the lower part of the basin. In this study, we assess the occurrence of water scarcity by comparing the frequency of hydrological and meteorological droughts before and after the detected abrupt change in river flow. To facilitate this assessment, we introduced two new indices: the positive to negative phases of hydrological and meteorological droughts. These indices highlight the increasing occurrence of hydrological droughts, which may not necessarily be linked to meteorological droughts during the identified periods. Furthermore, we propose a Monotone drought analysis method to examine the correlation between meteorological and hydrological droughts and address the impact of anthropogenic activities. We applied this analysis in the Sefid-Rud basin, the largest sub-basin in the southern Caspian Sea situated in Iran, which hosts several dams and reservoirs while more dams are in the construction and planning phase. The assessment took place in 24 gauges across the basin from 1978 to 2017 to detect and evaluate the alterations in flow regimes. Our analysis revealed that the unbalanced development of upstream water resources, driven by uncoordinated water infrastructure projects implemented by various decision-makers, has resulted in a decline of available water at critical points within the basin, which will be aggravated with the commissioning of new dams.
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| 8. |
- Haj-Amor, Zied, et al.
(författare)
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Soil salinization and critical shallow groundwater depth under saline irrigation condition in a Saharan irrigated land
- 2017
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 10:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the arid irrigated lands, understanding the impact of shallow groundwater fluctuation on soil salinization has become crucial. Thus, investigation of the possible options for maintaining the groundwater depth for improving land productivity is of great importance. In this study, under saline irrigation condition, the effects of shallow groundwater depth on water and salt dynamics in the root-zone of date palms were analyzed through a particular field and modeling (SWAP) investigation in a Tunisian Saharan oasis (Dergine Oasis). The model was calibrated and validated against the measured soil water content through the date palm root-zone. The good agreement between measured and estimated soil water content demonstrated that the SWAP model is an effective tool to accurately simulate the water and salt dynamics in the root-zone of date palm. Multiple groundwater depth scenarios were performed, using the calibrated SWAP model, to achieve the optimal groundwater depth. The simulation results revealed that the shallow groundwater with a depth of ~80 cm coupled with frequent irrigation (20 days interval) during the summer season is the best practice to maintain the adequate soil water content (>0.035 (cm3 cm−3) and safe salinity level (<4 dS m−1) in the root-zone layer. The results of field investigation and numerical simulation in the present study can lead to a better management of lands with shallow water table in the Saharan irrigated areas.
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| 9. |
- Haj-Amor, Zied, et al.
(författare)
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Surface irrigation performance of date palms under water scarcity in arid irrigated lands
- 2018
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a study on the performance of surface irrigation of date palms in a Tunisian arid area (Douz oasis) is presented. The study is conducted in 16 plots with various sizes and soil textures over a 4-year period (2012–2015). In the first step, an assessment of total water requirements of the date palms is carried out. Then, the surface irrigation performance is analyzed using three indicators, i.e., the relative water supply (RWS) indicator, the uniformity index of water distribution (DU), and the water application efficiency (Ea). Finally, the irrigation management problems are identified. The results indicate that in the arid Tunisian Saharan oases, the soil texture, plot size, and farmers’ practices (especially irrigation duration) have significant effects on surface irrigation performance. The average annual net irrigation requirements of date palms are about 2400 mm. The RWS increases from 1.8 in the smaller plots (0.5 ha) to 3.6 in the largest plots (2.5 ha), implying that the increase in the plot size requires an excessive water supply. DU decreases from 80.7 in the 0.5 ha plots to 65.4 in the 2.5 ha plots; however, no significant difference in the Ea is observed. The results show that the soil texture has no influence on the RWS and DU, but the Ea is significantly higher in the loamy-sand soils (46.7%) compared to the sandy soils (36.3%). Overall, RWS indicator is higher than 1 (RWS = 2.6) implying excessive irrigation supply to the system. Although DU is relatively uniform (> 60%), Ea is relatively low (< 50%) indicating that the current irrigation management is inefficient. These findings have a paramount importance for improving irrigation water management in the Tunisian Saharan oases.
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| 10. |
- Haj-Amor, Zied, et al.
(författare)
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The consequences of saline irrigation treatments on soil physicochemical characteristics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration. - 2365-7448. ; 3:22, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When saline water is used to irrigate crops in arid environments, appropriate irrigation management should be applied to avoid negatively impacting soil characteristics. In this study, the effects of irrigating date palms with saline water (2.24 g l−1) on soil physicochemical characteristics such as the electrical conductivity (ECe), the pH of the saturated soil paste (pHe), the concentrations of soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+), the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and the volumetric water content of the soil (θv) were evaluated in a Tunisian Saharan cropland, the Dergine Oasis, during a 4-year period (2012–2015). The effects of three different irrigation treatments of date palms on soil properties were investigated: low treatment (90% of the net irrigation requirement (NIR) of date palms was applied); medium treatment (100% of NIR was applied), and high treatment (110% of NIR was applied). The results showed that the application of saline water for irrigation inevitably has a negative impact on the physicochemical properties of the soil. Irrigation with saline water was observed to have severe negative impacts on the soil characteristics, especially ECe, Na+, Ks, and θv. However, among the three irrigation treatments applied, statistical analysis (Duncan’s multiple range test) indicated that the high treatment significantly (p < 0.05) minimized the degradation of soil characteristics by the saline water; this treatment decreased ECe, Na+, and SAR and increased the water content, θv, of the studied soil.
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