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- Forkel, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Linguistic Data Formats, advancing data sharing and re-use in comparative linguistics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of available digital data for the languages of the world is constantly increasing. Unfortunately, most of the digital data are provided in a large variety of formats and therefore not amenable for comparison and re-use. The Cross-Linguistic Data Formats initiative proposes new standards for two basic types of data in historical and typological language comparison (word lists, structural datasets) and a framework to incorporate more data types (e.g. parallel texts, and dictionaries). The new specification for cross-linguistic data formats comes along with a software package for validation and manipulation, a basic ontology which links to more general frameworks, and usage examples of best practices.
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| 3. |
- Hallonsten Halling, Pernilla, 1984-
(författare)
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Adverbs : A typological study of a disputed category
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The notion adverb is often treated as encompassing leftover items in a class that shows little consistency both within and across languages. Adverbs are less frequent than other parts of speech cross-linguistically, they seldom inflect, and they are rarely used as a source for derivation to other categories.This dissertation focuses on adverbs that denote properties and that can be used as modifiers within predicating expressions. The adverbs in this group are roughly equivalent to the traditional manner adverbs (She walked slowly). In their role as modifiers, these adverbs are parallel to attributive adjectives, which also denote properties, and are modifiers in referring expressions (a slow train). Adjectives often also occur in the predicative function (The train is slow). This study compares adverbs to attributive and predicative adjectives in a sample of 60 genealogically diverse languages from around the world. Simple adverbs are attested in the majority of these languages, including in some languages that do not have simple adjectives. The comparison with attributive and predicative adjectives is carried out at three levels of encoding: the root, the lexeme, and the construction. The analysis shows that a great majority of languages have the same root encoding for adverbs, attributive adjectives, and predicative adjectives. Many languages have a class of lexemes that are used in the functions of both adverbs and attributive adjectives, here called general modifiers. On the construction level, where constructions are analyzed in their entirety, important encoding similarities between adverbs and predicative adjectives are unraveled. In a few languages, adverbs and attributive adjectives are encoded by the same or similar constructions.The attested simple adverbs and general modifiers both fall into certain characteristic semantic types. For simple adverbs, a core type is SPEED, which is found among the adverbs of most sample languages. The types VALUE, CARE, and NOISE are also found among the simple adverbs of several languages. For general modifiers, VALUE appears as a core type. These semantic types are further attested in tendencies of adverb lexicalization and in adverbial affixation across languages. This dissertation shows that adverbs constitute a cross-linguistically prototypical part of speech, although they differ in many ways from other categories. The basis for this class, just as for adjectives, is the presence of simple lexemes that tend to have similar semantics in unrelated and geographically distant languages. Adverbs are thus conceptually no less basic than adjectives.
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| 4. |
- Hammarström, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Glottolog 4.5
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Molnár, Valéria, et al.
(författare)
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Informationsstruktur und Reliefgebung
- 2001
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Ingår i: Language Typology and Language Universals : an international handbook =Sprachtypologie und sprachliche Universalien : ein internationales Handbuch = La typologie des langues et les universaux linguistiques : manuel international (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, 99-0369106-8 ; 20:2). - 3110171546 ; 2:2, s. 617-633
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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