| 1. |
- Hasselberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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I did NOT feel like this at all before the accident : do men and women report different health and life consequences of a road traffic injury?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 25:4, s. 307-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Worldwide, injuries represent one of the leading causes of mortality, and nearly one-quarter of all injuries are road traffic related. In many high-income countries, the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) has shifted from premature death to injury and disability with long-term consequences; therefore, it is important to assess the full burden of an RTI on individual lives.OBJECTIVE: To describe how men and women with minor and moderate injuries reported the consequences of an RTI on their health and lives.METHODS: The study was designed as an explorative qualitative study, in which the answers to an open-ended question concerning the life and health consequences following injury were analysed using systematic text condensation.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 692 respondents with a minor or a moderate injury were included.RESULTS: The respondents reported the consequences of the crash on their health and lives according to four categories: physical consequences, psychological consequences, everyday life consequences and financial consequences. The results show that medically classified minor and moderate injuries have detrimental long-term health and life consequences. Although men and women report some similar consequences, there are substantial differences in their reported psychological and everyday life consequences following an injury. Women report travel anxiety and PTSD-like symptoms, being life altering for them compared with men, for whom these types of reports were missing.CONCLUSION: These differences emphasise the importance of considering gender-specific physical and psychological consequences following an RTI.
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| 3. |
- Ahlm, Kristin, 1956-
(författare)
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Traffic and drowning incidents with emphasis on the presence of alcohol and drugs
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Worldwide, fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths are important problems. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the cirumstances of fatal and non-fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths in Sweden including analysis of the presence of alcohol and drugs, which are considered to be major risk factors for these events. Data where obtained from the database of National Board of Forensic Medicine.In the first study, we investigated 420 passenger deaths from 372 crashes during 1993-1996. There were 594 drivers involved. In total, 21% of the drivers at fault were alcohol positive compared to 2% of drivers not at fault (p<0.001) (Paper I). During 2004-2007, crashes involving 56 fatally and 144 non-fatally injured drivers were investigated in a prospective study from Northern Sweden (Paper II). The drivers were alcohol positive in 38% and 21%, respectively. Psychoactive drugs were found in 7% and 13%, respectively. Benzodiazepines, opiates and antidepressants were the most frequent drugs found in drivers. Illict drugs were found 9% and 4% respectively, with tetrahydrocannabinol being the most frequent of these drugs (Paper II).We investigated 5,125 drowning deaths in Sweden during 1992-2009 (Paper III). The incidence decreased on average by about 2% each year (p<0.001). Unintentional drowning was most common (50%). Alcohol was found in 44% of unintentional, 24% of intentional, and 45% of undetermined drowning deaths. Psychoactive substances were detected in 40% and benzodiazepines were the most common substance. Illicit drugs were detected in 10%. Of all drowning deaths, a significantly higher proportion females commited suicide compared with males (55% vs. 21%, p<0.001). Suicidal drowning deaths (n=129) in Northern Sweden were studied further in detail (Paper IV). of these, 53% had been hospitalized due to a psychiatric diagnosis within five years prior to the suicide. Affective and psychotic disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. Almost one third had performed a previous suicide attempt. One fourth had committed suicide after less than one week of discharge from hospital. Alochol was found in 16% and psychoactive drugs in 62% of these cases, respectively. In conclusion, alcohol and psychoactive drugs are commonly detected among injured drivers and drowning victims, and probably play a role in these events. Most of the individuals that tested positive for alcohol and high blood concentrations, indicating alochol dependence or abuse. This association warrants futher attention when planning future prevention.
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| 5. |
- Backe, Stefan, 1963-
(författare)
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Safety promotion and injury surveillance with special focus on young people´s club sports : Challenges and possibilities
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Physical activity in youth has many benefits, but parallel to these benefits, sport related injuries pose considerable risks. It is important to public health to address sport related injuries, particularly those affecting young people, who comprise the majority of participants in organised sport in Sweden. The first study in this research showed that inspections of local sport environments, where injuries often occur, did not occur uniformly. Two additional studies pointed out the need for better surveillance of injuries, and described the use of ambulance attendance reports as a possible improvement to current surveillance systems, with a possibility to improve safety for youth and other sport participants. Two other studies identify risk factors that were specific to football and climbing sports, which can be used to guide targeted safety interventions for the young participants of these sports. The studies, taken as a whole, provide new information about the factors associated with sport related injuries, particularly for young people, and point out the need for better sport injury surveillance, improved inspection strategies for fields maintained by organised sport clubs in local communities, and the need to address risk factors specific to different sport activities.
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| 6. |
- Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hospital trauma care resources for road traffic injuries in a middle-income country-A province based study on need and access in Iran.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 42:9, s. 879-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Access to pre-hospital trauma care can help minimize many of traffic related mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries with high rate of traffic deaths such as Iran. The aim of this study was to assess if the distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities reflect the burden of road traffic injury and mortality in different provinces in Iran. METHODS: This national cross-sectional study is based on ecological data on road traffic mortality (RTM), road traffic injuries (RTIs) and pre-hospital trauma facilities for all 30 provinces in Iran in 2006. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients were used to describe the distributions of RTM/RTIs and pre-hospital trauma care facilities across provinces. Spearman rank-order correlation was performed to assess the relationship between RTM/RTI and pre-hospital trauma care facilities. RESULTS: RTM and RTIs as well as pre-hospital trauma care facilities were distributed unequally between different provinces. There was no significant association between the rate of RTM and RTIs and the number of pre-hospital trauma care facilities across the country. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities does not reflect the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs for different provinces. These results suggest that traffic related mortality and morbidity could be reduced if the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs were taken into consideration when distributing pre-hospital trauma care facilities between the provinces.
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| 7. |
- Dale, Richard Allan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol environment, gender and nonfatal injuries in young people. An ecological study of fourteen swedish municipalities (2000-2005).
- 2012
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Ingår i: Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy. - 1747-597X. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sweden has had a restrictive alcohol policy, but there are gender and geographical differences in alcohol consumption and injury rates within the country. Whether and how the Swedish alcohol environment influences gender differences in injuries in young people is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyse the associations between the local alcohol environment and age- and gender-specific nonfatal injury rates in people up to 24 years in Sweden. METHODS: The local alcohol environment from 14 municipalities was studied using indicators of alcohol access, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related crimes. A comprehensive health care register of nonfatal injuries was used to estimate mean annual rates of nonfatal injuries by gender and age group (2000--2005). Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyse linear associations. RESULTS: Associations were shown for both alcohol access and alcohol consumption with injury rates in boys aged 13--17 years; no other associations were observed between alcohol access or per capita alcohol consumption and nonfatal childhood injuries. The prevalence of crimes against alcohol laws was associated with injury rates in children of both genders aged 6--17 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no strong area-level associations between alcohol and age and gender specific nonfatal injuries in young people. Further, the strength of the area-level associations varied by age, gender and type of indicator used to study the local alcohol environment.
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| 9. |
- Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, et al.
(författare)
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Factors affecting hospital length of stay and hospital charges associated with road traffic-related injuries in Iran
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 13, s. Article Number: 281-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a substantial cause of mortality and disability globally. There is little published information regarding healthcare resource utilization following RTIs, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to assess total hospital charges and length of stay (LOS) associated with RTIs in Iran and to explore the association with patients' socio-demographic characteristics, insurance status and injury-related factors (e. g. type of road users and safety equipment). Method: The study was based on the Iranian National Trauma Registry Database (INTRD), which includes data from 14 general hospitals in eight major cities in Iran, for the years 2000 to 2004. 8,356 patients with RTI admitted to the hospitals were included in the current study. The variables extracted for the analysis included total hospital charges and length of stay, age, gender, socio-economic and insurance status, injury characteristics, medical outcome and use of safety equipment among the patients. Univariable analysis using non-parametric methods and multivariable regression analysis were performed to identify the factors associated with total hospital charges and LOS. Results: The mean hospital charges for the patients were 1,115,819 IRR (SD=1,831,647 IRR, US$128 +/- US$210). The mean LOS for the patients was 6.8 (SD =8 days). Older age, being a bicycle rider, higher injury severity and longer LOS were associated with higher hospital charges. Longer LOS was associated with being male, having lower education level, having a medical insurance, being pedestrian or motorcyclist, being a blue-collar worker and having more severe injuries. The reported use of safety equipment was very low and did not have significant effect on the hospital charges and LOS. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the hospital charges and LOS associated with RTI varied by age, gender, socio-economic status, insurance status, injury characteristics and health outcomes of the patients. The results of the study provide information that can be of importance in the planning and design of road traffic injury control strategies.
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| 10. |
- Hasselberg, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding preterm infants at a neonatal care unit in rural Tanzania
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0884-2175 .- 1552-6909. ; 45:6, s. 825-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the breastfeeding experiences of mothers with preterm and low-birth-weight infants in a neonatal unit in Tanzania.DESIGN: A qualitative research design.SETTING: A neonatal unit at a referral hospital in rural Tanzania.PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 10 new mothers with preterm infants. Additionally, to triangulate the data, five nurses affiliated with the neonatal unit were interviewed.METHODS: A semistructured interview guide was used for data collection. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with inductive qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: One main category, The mother has to adapt to the new situation to make breastfeeding natural, and three generic categories, The challenges of breastfeeding a premature infant, Enhancing the feeding situation, and The need for support, were used to describe breastfeeding challenges. Challenges consisted of the perception that the infant was different than healthy infants and the infant's and mother's health problems and needs. To improve the feeding situation, mothers learned how to feed their infants using timing strategies. Confidence and security were achieved with support from family and friends, the other mothers, and the health care staff.CONCLUSION: Mothers perceived breastfeeding as natural but needed support to overcome the challenges of breastfeeding preterm infants. Through support and education they were empowered, adapted to their new situations, and felt confident with breastfeeding.
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