| 1. |
- Hatakka, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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From control of the vehicle to personal self-control, broadening the perspectives to driver education
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 5:3, s. 201-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective is to formulate guidelines and goals for future development in the area of driver training and education. The content of this paper is not empirical, but merely an analytical summary or review. A four-level descriptive model is presented in which driver behaviour is conceptualised as a hierarchy, in which the goals and motives of the driver play an essential role. The recent constructivist ideas in mainstream pedagogy and psychology of learning are combined with a hierarchical approach to driver behaviour. A comprehensive framework for goals and contents of driver education (GDE framework) is presented. Two main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the conceptual analysis points towards a need to emphasise the motivational aspects in driver education more than it is done at present. Secondly, in order to reach the goals, pedagogical methods should be re-evaluated. For example, active learning methods and use of self-reflection should be promoted in driver education.
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| 2. |
- Hatakka, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Goals and Contents of Driver Education
- 2003
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Ingår i: Driver Behaviour and Training. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9781351768948 - 9780754638353 - 9781315197067 ; , s. 307-316
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of this paper is to formulate guidelines and goals for future development in the area of driver training and education. The content of this paper is mainly a result of an EU-funded research project GADGET. A four level descriptive model is presented, in which driver behaviour is conceptualised as a hierarchy, in which the goals and motives of the driver play an essential role. The recent constructivist ideas in mainstream pedagogy and psychology of learning are combined with a hierarchical approach to driver behaviour. A comprehensive framework for Goals and contents of Driver Education (ODE-framework) is presented (Hatakka, Keskinen, Gregersen, Glad and Hernetkoski 2002) and the main points are explained in this paper. Two main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, motivational aspects should be given more emphasis in driver education than at present. Secondly, in order to improve the quality of training, active learning methods should be more widely applied to driver education as well.
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| 3. |
- Tsuruta, Aki, et al.
(författare)
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Methane budget estimates in Finland from the CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 data assimilation system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1600-0889 .- 0280-6509. ; 71:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimated the CH4 budget in Finland for 2004–2014 using the CTE-CH4 data assimilation system with an extended atmospheric CH4 observation network of seven sites from Finland to surrounding regions (Hyytiälä, Kjølnes, Kumpula, Pallas, Puijo, Sodankylä, and Utö). The estimated average annual total emission for Finland is 0.6 ± 0.5 Tg CH4 yr−1. Sensitivity experiments show that the posterior biospheric emission estimates for Finland are between 0.3 and 0.9 Tg CH4 yr−1, which lies between the LPX-Bern-DYPTOP (0.2 Tg CH4 yr−1) and LPJG-WHyMe (2.2 Tg CH4 yr−1) process-based model estimates. For anthropogenic emissions, we found that the EDGAR v4.2 FT2010 inventory (0.4 Tg CH4 yr−1) is likely to overestimate emissions in southernmost Finland, but the extent of overestimation and possible relocation of emissions are difficult to derive from the current observation network. The posterior emission estimates were especially reliant on prior information in central Finland. However, based on analysis of posterior atmospheric CH4, we found that the anthropogenic emission distribution based on a national inventory is more reliable than the one based on EDGAR v4.2 FT2010. The contribution of total emissions in Finland to global total emissions is only about 0.13%, and the derived total emissions in Finland showed no trend during 2004–2014. The model using optimized emissions was able to reproduce observed atmospheric CH4 at the sites in Finland and surrounding regions fairly well (correlation > 0.75, bias < ± ppb), supporting adequacy of the observations to be used in atmospheric inversion studies. In addition to global budget estimates, we found that CTE-CH4 is also applicable for regional budget estimates, where small scale (1x1 in this case) optimization is possible with a dense observation network.
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