| 1. |
- Algaba, Juan-Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 911:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
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| 3. |
- Erlinge, D., et al.
(författare)
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Bivalirudin versus Heparin Monotherapy in Myocardial Infarction
- 2017
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 377:12, s. 1132-1142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The comparative efficacy of various anticoagulation strategies has not been clearly established in patients with acute myocardial infarction who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) according to current practice, which includes the use of radial-artery access for PCI and administration of potent P2Y12 inhibitors without the planned use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Methods In this multicenter, randomized, registry-based, open-label clinical trial, we enrolled patients with either ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-STEMI (NSTEMI) who were undergoing PCI and receiving treatment with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor, prasugrel, or cangrelor) without the planned use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The patients were randomly assigned to receive bivalirudin or heparin during PCI, which was performed predominantly with the use of radial-artery access. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding during 180 days of follow-up. Results A total of 6006 patients (3005 with STEMI and 3001 with NSTEMI) were enrolled in the trial. At 180 days, a primary end-point event had occurred in 12.3% of the patients (369 of 3004) in the bivalirudin group and in 12.8% (383 of 3002) in the heparin group (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.10; P=0.54). The results were consistent between patients with STEMI and those with NSTEMI and across other major subgroups. Myocardial infarction occurred in 2.0% of the patients in the bivalirudin group and in 2.4% in the heparin group (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.19; P=0.33), major bleeding in 8.6% and 8.6%, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.19; P=0.98), definite stent thrombosis in 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.10; P=0.09), and death in 2.9% and 2.8%, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.41; P=0.76). Conclusions Among patients undergoing PCI for myocardial infarction, the rate of the composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding was not lower among those who received bivalirudin than among those who received heparin monotherapy. (Funded by the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and others; VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu number, 2012-005260-10 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02311231 .).
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| 4. |
- Forss, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Chemometric evaluation of the combined effect of temperature, pressure, and co-solvent fractions on the chiral separation of basic pharmaceuticals using actual vs set operational conditions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1499, s. 165-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need to determine the actual operational conditions, instead of merely using the set operational conditions, was investigated for in packed supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) by design of experiments (DoE) using a most important type of compounds, pharmaceutical basics, as models. The actual values of temperature, pressure, and methanol levels were recorded and calculated from external sensors, while the responses in the DoE were the retention factors and selectivity. A Kromasil CelluCoat columh was used as the stationary phase, carbon dioxide containing varying methanol contents as the mobile phase, and the six racemates of alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, clenbuterol, and mianserin were selected as model solutes. For the retention modeling, the most important term was the methanol fraction followed by the temperature and pressure. Significant differences (p<0.05) between most of the coefficients in the retention models were observed when comparing models from set and actual conditions. The selectivity was much less affected by operational changes, and therefore was not severely affected by difference between set and actual conditions. The temperature differences were usually small, maximum +/- 1.4 degrees C, whereas the pressure differences were larger, typically approximately +10.5 bar. The set and actual fractions of methanol also differed, usually by +/- 0.4 percentage points. A cautious conclusion is that the primary reason for the discrepancy between the models is a mismatch between the set and actual methanol fractions. This mismatch is more serious in retention models at low methanol fractions. The study demonstrates that the actual conditions should almost always be preferred. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Haupt, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Aftertreatment strategy for reducing emissions from an ethanol fueled CI engine
- 2009
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Ingår i: SAE 2009 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. - Warrendale, Pa. : Society of Automotive Engineers, Incorporated.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A nine liters ethanol-fueled CI engine was equipped with aftertreatment devices while different ratios of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were tested. The NO\dX emissions were negatively correlated to the EGR-ratio and NO\dX reductions of between 33% and 73% were obtained. Unfortunately, the decrease in NO\dX was followed by increased emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulate matter and higher fuel consumption. The particle number emission increased approximately 4 times and particle sizes above 200 nm became more frequent when using EGR. The remedy for these emissions was to combine an oxidation catalyst and a diesel particle filter (DPF), while keeping the EGR-ratio low to minimize fuel consumption. Equipped like this, the engine passed the Euro 5 regulation as well as the Enhanced Environmentally Friendly Vehicles standard (EEV).
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| 9. |
- Haupt, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma medication – persistence with adrenergics, steroids and combination products over a 5-year period
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0269-4727 .- 1365-2710. ; 34:5, s. 507-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many patients with asthma underuse steroids for inhalation. This has been identified as a main cause of therapy failure and of excess health care utilization.Objective: To elucidate the medication persistence of patients using asthma drugs, how patients combine the drugs over time and whether medication persistence was influenced by patients switching to combination products.Methods: Individual patients' drug acquisition data were obtained from a pharmacy record database for the period 2000-2004. A patient was considered to have satisfactory medication possession ratio (MPR) if the medication supplies covered ≥80% of the prescribed treatment. Drug use profiles were constructed as graphs for each patient, showing the date of each refill and the time period covered by the dispensed drugs. From the graphs the combination of drugs, the continuity of the therapy over time and the MPR for each patient could be determined.Results: Of 1812 patients with asthma drugs in the database, 815 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The percentage of patients with satisfactory MPR was low (11-27%), but significantly higher among patients using combination products than among those using steroids. For patients who switched from adrenergics plus steroids in two inhalers to combination products in one inhaler, the number of patients with satisfactory MPR was significantly increased.Conclusion: Satisfactory MPR was low for all types of asthma drugs. More patients had satisfactory MPR with combination products in one inhaler than with adrenergics and steroids in two separate inhalers. Asthma drug-delivery is important and combination products of the two ingredients could therefore improve asthma therapy.
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