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- Cossarizza, A., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:10, s. 1457-1973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Gustav, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Squeezing and Multimode Entanglement of Surface Acoustic Wave Phonons
- 2022
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Ingår i: PRX Quantum. - 2691-3399. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exploiting multiple modes in a quantum acoustic device could enable applications in quantum information in a hardware-efficient setup, including quantum simulation in a synthetic dimension and continuous-variable quantum computing with cluster states. We develop a multimode surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) integrated in one of the Bragg reflectors. The interaction with the SQUID-shunted mirror gives rise to coupling between the more than 20 accessible resonator modes. We exploit this coupling to demonstrate two-mode squeezing of SAW phonons, as well as four-mode multipartite entanglement. Our results open avenues for continuous-variable quantum computing in a compact hybrid quantum system.
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| 6. |
- Sader, John E., et al.
(författare)
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A virtual instrument to standardise the calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 87:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atomic force microscope (AFM) users often calibrate the spring constants of cantilevers using functionality built into individual instruments. This calibration is performed without reference to a global standard, hindering the robust comparison of force measurements reported by different laboratories. Here, we describe a virtual instrument (an internet-based initiative) whereby users from all laboratories can instantly and quantitatively compare their calibration measurements to those of others-standardising AFM force measurements-and simultaneously enabling non-invasive calibration of AFM cantilevers of any geometry. This global calibration initiative requires no additional instrumentation or data processing on the part of the user. It utilises a single website where users upload currently available data. A proof-of-principle demonstration of this initiative is presented using measured data from five independent laboratories across three countries, which also allows for an assessment of current calibration.
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| 7. |
- Scarano, Ermes
(författare)
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Kinetic inductive electromechanical transduction for atomic force microscopy
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is considered one of the most powerful tools in surface science thanks to its ability to sense forces at the nanoscale and image surfaces with high lateral resolution. The AFM employs a microcantilever with a sharp tip as a force transducer operated in close proximity to a surface. Nanoscale force sensing in AFM is achieved by measuring the motion of the cantilever under the influence of the localized tip-surface interaction. Cavity optomechanics provides a framework to measure cantilever motion at the fundamental limit of sensitivity. This thesis applies the principles of cavity optomechanics to realize an integrated force sensor fulfilling the requirements of low-temperature AFM applications, with the goal of enhancing the sensitivity and speed of imaging. The optical cavity is replaced by a superconducting microwave resonant circuit and the optomechanical detection principle is based on a novel type electromechanical coupling developed by our group. Compressive or tensile surface strain produced by the bending of the microcantilever, causes a change in the kinetic inductance of a superconducting meandering nanowire, thereby changing the resonant frequency of a high-Q microwave mode.We discuss the design and fabrication of these AFM force sensors, including the deposition of sharp, conducting tips. The compact, integrated microwave resonant circuit is realized in a fully coplanar layout from a single superconducting NbTiN thin film deposited on a SiN layer on a Si substrate. The microcantilever beam is formed from the SiN layer which is released from the Si substrate.We present experimental data characterizing the properties of the microwave resonator, the cantilever's flexural eigenmode, and the interaction between the two through the kinetic-inductive electromechanical coupling. We use different techniques to detect motion in a manner suitable for the typical modes of operation in traditional AFM, as well as additional methods specific to the electromechanical detection. We also integrated the force sensors into a prototype low temperature AFM scanning system built inside a dilution refrigerator. With this prototype we demonstrate the detection of tip-surface force gradients, and we show our initial attempts at imaging with electromechanical detection of motion.
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