| 1. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Fred, et al.
(författare)
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Skriftens Teknologi som visuellt tema – Ett historiskt perspektiv
- 2002
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på samtiden, samtida perspektiv: Forskning om det sena 1900-talets och det nya millenniets konst och visuella kultur.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To talk about Writing Technology instead of just Writing is tantamount to turning one's attention towards the material circumstances of Writing and Printing - the materiality of the textual Signifier. Defined very broadly, technology is everything that is an extension of the human body. In this sense, Writing Technology is the technology that makes it possible to make external representations of Thinking and Speech, these representations being Extensions outside of the body in which the thinking and speaking takes place. To talk about different kinds of writing technology is to talk about different degrees of separation between Body and Writing, and between Word and Image. According to Marshall McLuhan, this separation culminates in the Gutenberg technology of printing and the appearance of a totally new human type - the Typographical Man. Using, in a characteristically selective manner, the scientific findings and speculations of others, McLuhan states that the age of typography is an age in which Sight dominates over the other senses. However often regarded as one of the forerunners of postmodernism, McLuhan is a highly ambiguous writer. Texts like The Gutenberg Galaxy may as well count as typical examples of modernist art theory. From a McLuhanesque point of view, the idea of audio-visual unity in both Italian and Russian futurism may represent the final perversion and alienation of writing technology and textual culture - a stage in which not only letters but also sounds are regarded as visual, material objects in space. Like Walther J Ong, one may ask whether visual or concrete poetry could even exist without the dominance of sight.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Björk, Christian, 1976-
(författare)
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Den sociala differentieringens retorik och gestaltning : Kritiska perspektiv på funktionalistisk förorts- och bostadsplanering i Stockholm från 1900-talets mitt
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, I analys suburb- and housing planning and interior decoration carried out primarily in Stockholm between the 1930s and the 1950s. Functionalism, the overall concept of the period, has perhaps been interpreted in terms of ideological concepts, interpreted as "democratic" and as a progressive dividing line between the past and the future. I examine how housing and suburban planning in Sweden in the mid-20th century was affected by how housing and town planning related to that period's clear class boundaries and well-defined gender roles. I analyse both rhetoric and physical planning. Whether the architect had explicit ambitions to achieve spatial differentiation of socio-economic categories, how suburban planners dealt with their historical inheritance and the principles about categorisation and spatial separation. I also analyse how ideas of class, gender and spatial differentiation of family members affected the organisation and design of rooms in the housing planning of the mid-20th century. The general conclusion of the thesis as a whole is that ideas about class, sex and familial hierarchy were reflected in functionalist housing and interior decoration. The planned suburbs in Stockholm involved explicit strategies for differentiating population categories in different suburbs. The planned suburbs, which were regarded as paradigmatic cases for the suburban planning of the period, involved explicit strategies for differentiating population categories in different suburbs, a strategy that was concretised in physical suburban planning. Terraced housing in one area, småstugor in another, blocks of flats in a third, detached houses in a fourth. Sociological arguments justified this type of suburban planning. The emotional affinity between neighbours was considered to be better if the neighbours belong to the same socio economic category. Planned homes, which were regarded as paradigmatic cases for the housing planning of this period, involved explicit strategies for differentiating family members into different rooms, distinguishing between private and public rooms within the sphere of the home, a strategy that was concretised in physical housing planning. I analyse how the magazine's editorial content contributed to producing a middle-class housing ideal. A central aspect of modern housing planning and the debate in around 1930 was the launch of the home as an essentially private sphere. The editorial team behind the magazine Hem i Sverige launched the home as a reaction against the idea of the home as essentially a private sphere, with a clear spatial hierarchy and division between different family members, between private and public spheres. I examined the participation of the Nordiska Kompaniet department store in the 1930 Stockholm exhibition. As an influential commercial actor, the store's management had a strategy of combining consumption with both benefit and enjoyment, dreams, pastimes and goal-oriented purchases. The starting point for Nordiska Kompaniet's interior decoration approach was the organisation and content of the upper middle-class home. The drawing rooms, the dining room, the serving area, the homes with clear dividing lines between private and public sphere. Family structures and familial hierarchy were emphasised on the basis of the upper middle-class family's tradition.
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| 5. |
- Bydler, Charlotte
(författare)
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The Global Art World, Inc. : On the globalization of contemporary art
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines certain segments of the art world-system in which geographical distances seemed to vanishing as a result of faster and more intense interaction levels. This particular art world-system has been conceptualized in contradictory ways. It has been called a “global village”, and has been seen as homogenized and diversified, as well as both expanding, and contracting. Experiences of mutual understanding and shared artistic values underly the possibilities of particular art world expanding. This premise was identified as a “western art concept”, so-called institutional art theory. However, the expectations of audiences, critics, and artists are changing. The widening cultural labour-market supplies new and unfamiliar historical references to the authoritative literature and artworks of the “western art concept”. I have sought out both shared and diverse authorities through case studies of contemporary art biennials held in Venice, Havana, Istanbul, and Kwangju, as well as the itinerant Manifesta. All of the above constitute an important labour-market for the increasing numbers of freelancing art world professionals.The thesis derived from these examples is that the identification of the art concept as a western phenomenon, which is based on claiming the origins and even the ownership of practices represented within historical (historicist) institutions, is untenable. The avant-garde art world, in contrast, attempts to globally break with art concepts. It seeks out resistance to art world discourse, that which sits on the walls of educational institutions, museums, and the knowledge represented therein. Art worlds, however, are connected regionally. They are not stable, and are even less identifiably western. It is thus difficult to historicize the art concept in order to create this resistance. Nevertheless, it may be legitimate to attempt this, in order to provide a means of inspection and comparison. Individuals within the art world-system are nevertheless interpelled as subjects of history in reference to institutionalized precedents. This calls for a re-writing of art history, taking into account multiple discontinuities instead of relying on chronology.
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| 6. |
- Hagelqvist, Stina, 1969-
(författare)
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Arkitekttävlingen som föreställning : Den svenska arkitekttävlingens ideologiska, institutionella och professionella villkor under 1900-talets första hälft
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation explores the Swedish architectural competition as defined in the professional discourse of the architectural corps from the first half of the twentieth century. The purpose is to analyze what norms that defined, regulated and supported the use of the competition and the competition practice from ideological, institutional and professional point of view. In using Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, the competition is positioned in the interface between organizer and the architectural corps. This illuminates the competition as both object and instrument of the negotiations of a field of architecture. The competition’s position makes clear the need of a common ideological foundation and the necessity of legitimizing not only the competition instrument but also the architectural corps’ definition of how to implement it. In departing from the concept of discourse, defined by Michel Foucault, I identify principal characteristics of the architectural competition and relate it to notions of freedom and vitality that was thought to be present in the competition. By analyzing the corps’s competition discourse the dissertation makes clear both short-term functions of the competition, such as accumulating esteem, and long lasting effects of the corps’ control of the competition activities by means of guidance, the system of sanctioned competitions and control of the architectural press. This competition system regulated the quality of the competition results and utilized the rivalry between architects by channelling it to the formal legitimate competition. The rivalry between architects, formalised in the competition situation, was thought to bring the competition spirit to the fore and was defined both as the necessary prerequisite of architectural progress and as a constituent property of the normative position of the free practitioner, which was reproduced as architects while competing entered the autonomous time space of the competition.
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| 7. |
- Hampton, Stephanie E., et al.
(författare)
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Ecology under lake ice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 20:1, s. 98-111
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
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| 8. |
- Hans, Hayden, 1965-
(författare)
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Modernism as institution : on the establishment of an aesthetic and historiographic paradigm
- 2018
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anyone who studies the history of modern art—in art museums, in the classroom, in art historical handbooks or specialist surveys—will soon be aware of a certain recurrent pattern governing the selection of objects and forming a certain type of narrative where the history of modern art is presented as a variety of different -isms that dissolve into each other in the coherent sequence that constitutes the history of modern art as modernism.
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| 9. |
- Hans, Hayden, 1965-
(författare)
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Tid som realitet och metafor
- 2010
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Ingår i: Det åskådliga och det bottenlösa. - Stockholm : Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, Stockholms universitet. - 9789197631518 ; , s. 34-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Hayden, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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The HST See Change Program. I. Survey Design, Pipeline, and Supernova Discoveries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 912:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The See Change survey was designed to make z > 1 cosmological measurements by efficiently discovering high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and improving cluster mass measurements through weak lensing. This survey observed twelve galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spanning the redshift range z = 1.13-1.75, discovering 57 likely transients and 27 likely SNe Ia at z similar to 0.8-2.3. As in similar previous surveys, this proved to be a highly efficient use of HST for supernova observations; the See Change survey additionally tested the feasibility of maintaining, or further increasing, the efficiency at yet higher redshifts, where we have less detailed information on the expected cluster masses and star formation rates. We find that the resulting number of SNe Ia per orbit is a factor of similar to 8 higher than for a field search, and 45% of our orbits contained an active SN Ia within 22 rest-frame days of peak, with one of the clusters by itself yielding 6 of the SNe Ia. We present the survey design, pipeline, and supernova discoveries. Novel features include fully blinded supernova searches, the first random forest candidate classifier for undersampled IR data (with a 50% detection threshold within 0.05 mag of human searchers), real-time forward-modeling photometry of candidates, and semi-automated photometric classifications and follow-up forecasts. We also describe the spectroscopic follow-up, instrumental in measuring host galaxy redshifts. The cosmology analysis of our sample will be presented in a companion paper.
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