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- Broberg, Malin, 1989, et al.
(author)
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Effects of ozone, drought and heat stress on wheat yield and grain quality
- 2023
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In: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. - 0167-8809. ; 352:15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a gaseous phytotoxic plant stressor known to reduce wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop yields at current concentrations. O3 is predicted to increase in many crop-growing regions, together with higher frequencies of heatwaves and droughts. In this study, wheat crops were exposed to two levels of O3 (ambient and ~70 ppb) in combination with ambient or elevated temperature (+8 ◦C) and two watering regimes (well-watered and 50% reduced water supply) during the grain-filling period. With this experimental setup, we assessed the interactive effects between O3, temperature and water supply on wheat yield and grain quality, and measured leaf gas exchange to explore the underlying mechanisms. Overall, O3, warming and drought all decreased grain yield and average grain mass but increased grain concentration of N and other nutrient elements. Increasing daytime O3 from 25 to 73 ppb resulted in a 25% yield reduction in treatments with ambient temperature and well-watered soil. Drought reduced the impact of O3 on light-saturated photosynthesis, grain mass, total aboveground biomass and grain concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Mo. In contrast, concentrations of K and Ca increased to a larger extent when O3 stress was combined with elevated temperature. Grain concentrations of N, Ca and Zn were closely and negatively related to grain yield regardless of O3, heat and drought stress, likely explained by the reduction in grain filling period, with starch accumulation reduced to a larger extent than that of these elements. P, K, Mg, Mn, Mo concentrations were weakly related to grain yield, but were clearly altered by environmental stress. The modifying effect of water availability is crucial to include in assessments of O3 impacts on global food production in relation to climate change, considering effects on wheat yield variables and grain nutrient concentrations.
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| 3. |
- Mills, Gina, et al.
(author)
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Evidence of widespread effects of ozone on crops and (semi-)natural vegetation in Europe (1990 - 2006) in relation to AOT40 - and flux-based risk maps
- 2010
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 17:1, s. 592-613
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Records of effects of ambient ozone pollution on vegetation have been compiled for Europe for the years 1990–2006. Sources include scientific papers, conference proceedings, reports to research funders, records of confirmed ozone injury symptoms and an international biomonitoring experiment coordinated by the ICP Vegetation. The latter involved ozone-sensitive (NC-S) and ozone-resistant (NC-R) biotypes of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) grown according to a common protocol and monitored for ozone injury and biomass differences in 17 European countries, from 1996 to 2006. Effects were separated into visible injury or growth/yield reduction. Of the 644 records of visible injury, 39% were for crops (27 species), 38.1% were for (semi-) natural vegetation (95 species) and 22.9% were for shrubs (49 species). Owing to inconsistencies in reporting effort from year to year it was not possible to determine geographical or temporal trends in the data. Nevertheless, this study has shown effects in ambient air in 18 European countries from Sweden in the north to Greece in the south. These effects data were superimposed on AOT40 (accumulated ozone concentrations over 40 ppb) and POD3gen (modelled accumulated stomatal flux over a threshold of 3 nmol m−2 s−1) maps generated by the EMEP Eulerian model (50 km × 50 km grid) that were parameterized for a generic crop based on wheat and NC-S/NC-R white clover. Many effects were found in areas where the AOT40 (crops) was below the critical level of 3 ppm h. In contrast, the majority of effects were detected in grid squares where POD3gen (crops) were in the mid-high range (>12 mmol m−2). Overall, maps based on POD3gen provided better fit to the effects data than those based on AOT40, with the POD3gen model for clover fitting the clover effects data better than that for a generic crop.
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