| 1. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 2. |
- Dong, Yihui, et al.
(författare)
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Excellent Protein Immobilization and Stability on Heterogeneous C–TiO2 Hybrid Nanostructures : A Single Protein AFM Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 36:31, s. 9323-9332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhancing molecular interaction is critical for improving the immobilization and stability of proteins on TiO2 surfaces. In this work, mesoporous TiO2 materials with varied pore geometries were decorated with phenyl phosphoric acid (PPA), followed by a thermal treatment to obtain chemically heterogeneous C–TiO2 samples without changing the geometry and crystalline structure, which can keep the advantages of both carbon and TiO2. The molecular interaction force between the protein and the surfaces was measured using atomic force microscopy by decomposing from the total adhesion forces, showing that the surface chemistry determines the interaction strength and depends on the amount of partial carbon coverage on the TiO2 surface (∼40–80%). Samples with 58.3% carbon coverage provide the strongest molecular interaction force, consistent with the observation from the detected friction force. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and electrochemical biosensor measurements for these C–TiO2 materials were further conducted to illustrate their practical implications, implying their promising applications such as in protein detection and biosensing.
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| 3. |
- Feng, Ruizhi, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in TUBB8 and Human Oocyte Meiotic Arrest.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 374:3, s. 223-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Human reproduction depends on the fusion of a mature oocyte with a sperm cell to form a fertilized egg. The genetic events that lead to the arrest of human oocyte maturation are unknown. Methods We sequenced the exomes of five members of a four-generation family, three of whom had infertility due to oocyte meiosis I arrest. We performed Sanger sequencing of a candidate gene, TUBB8, in DNA samples from these members, additional family members, and members of 23 other affected families. The expression of TUBB8 and all other β-tubulin isotypes was assessed in human oocytes, early embryos, sperm cells, and several somatic tissues by means of a quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay. We evaluated the effect of the TUBB8 mutations on the assembly of the heterodimer consisting of one α-tubulin polypeptide and one β-tubulin polypeptide (α/β-tubulin heterodimer) in vitro, on microtubule architecture in HeLa cells, on microtubule dynamics in yeast cells, and on spindle assembly in mouse and human oocytes. Results We identified seven mutations in the primate-specific gene TUBB8 that were responsible for oocyte meiosis I arrest in 7 of the 24 families. TUBB8 expression is unique to oocytes and the early embryo, in which this gene accounts for almost all the expressed β-tubulin. The mutations affect chaperone-dependent folding and assembly of the α/β-tubulin heterodimer, disrupt microtubule behavior on expression in cultured cells, alter microtubule dynamics in vivo, and cause catastrophic spindle-assembly defects and maturation arrest on expression in mouse and human oocytes. Conclusions TUBB8 mutations have dominant-negative effects that disrupt microtubule behavior and oocyte meiotic spindle assembly and maturation, causing female infertility. (Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China and others.).
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| 4. |
- Fu, Hongyan, et al.
(författare)
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A tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter with positive and negative taps using a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and phase modulation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Optics and Laser Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0030-3992 .- 1879-2545. ; 42:1, s. 81-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter with positive and negative taps based on phase modulation and a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (FMZI)) is presented, theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The FMZI as the slicing filter results in a single-bandpass characteristic for the presented filter, and by using phase modulation, a number of negative taps are generated, thus making the baseband resonance suppressed, which is desirable for microwave photonic filter's application. The wavelength spacing of the FMZI can be tuned by employing an optical variable delay line, making the present filter continuously tunable. A tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter without baseband resonance is achieved in the experiment. The present filter shows an extinction ratio of up to similar to 20dB and good tuning linearity.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fu, Hongyan, et al.
(författare)
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High-Frequency Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Interrogation System Using Sagnac-Loop-Based Microwave Photonic Filtering
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 21:8, s. 519-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel high-frequency fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing interrogation system by using fiber Sagnac-loop-based microwave photonic filtering is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By adopting the microwave photonic filtering, the wavelength shift of sensing FBG can be converted into amplitude variation of the modulated electronic radio-frequency (RF) signal. In the experiment, the strain applied onto the sensing FBG has been demodulated by measuring the intensity of the recovered RF signal, and by modulating the RF signal with different frequencies, different interrogation sensitivities can be achieved.
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| 7. |
- Fu, Hongyan, et al.
(författare)
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Transversal-Load Sensor by Using Local Pressure on a Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 10:6, s. 1140-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A transversal-load sensor based on the local pressure-induced refractive index change in a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is proposed. The local pressure induced refractive index change in the touch point can generate a main transmission peak and several subpeaks on the long wavelength side of the reflection band of the CFBG. The difference of the wavelength shifts for the main transmission peak and the first subpeak is used to measure transversal-load with temperature compensation capability.
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| 8. |
- Fu, Hongyan, et al.
(författare)
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Transversal Loading Sensor Based on Tunable Beat Frequency of a Dual-Wavelength Fiber Laser
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 21:14, s. 987-989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microwave signal generation by using the photonic beating from a phase-shift fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG)-based dual-wavelength laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The dual-wavelength laser is formed by a linear cavity, in which a PS-FBG is used as a dual-wavelength selective component. Transversal loading on the PS-FBG enhances the birefringence of the optical fiber and consequently makes the transmission peak of the PS-FBG splitting into two sharp transmission peaks of orthogonal polarizations. The wavelength spacing between the two transmission peaks increases with the transversal loading on the PS-FBG, thus making the polarization beating frequency increase. This property is exploited in a transversal loading sensor.
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| 9. |
- Fu, Hongyan, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable all-optical microwave notch filter with a negative tap based on a semiconductor optical amplifier and a dispersive medium
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optics and Laser Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0030-3992 .- 1879-2545. ; 41:3, s. 213-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tunable all-optical microwave notch filter with a negative tap based on a semiconductor optical amplifier and a dispersive medium is demonstrated. A negative tap is realized through the cross gain modulation in the semiconductor optical amplifier. The free spectrum range of the notch filter can be tuned by tuning the wavelength of one of the two laser sources. The influence of the amplitude mismatch of the two lasers on the performance of the filter is analyzed. The present notch filter is easy to implement and cost-effective.
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| 10. |
- Gao, S., et al.
(författare)
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Microwave frequency up/downconversion based on dual-wavelength fibre laser
- 2009
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 45:18, s. 932-933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method of microwave frequency up/downconversion is proposed for microwave/millimetre-wave-based radio-over-fibre (RoF) systems. The uplink and downlink are both based on dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode fibre laser modulation and heterodyning, which provides the possibility to realise bidirectional RoF transmissions.
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