| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Coviello, Andrea D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein responsible for the transport and biologic availability of sex steroid hormones, primarily testosterone and estradiol. SHBG has been associated with chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and with hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 21,791 individuals from 10 epidemiologic studies and validated these findings in 7,046 individuals in an additional six studies. We identified twelve genomic regions (SNPs) associated with circulating SHBG concentrations. Loci near the identified SNPs included SHBG (rs12150660, 17p13.1, p=1.8×10(-106)), PRMT6 (rs17496332, 1p13.3, p=1.4×10(-11)), GCKR (rs780093, 2p23.3, p=2.2×10(-16)), ZBTB10 (rs440837, 8q21.13, p=3.4×10(-09)), JMJD1C (rs7910927, 10q21.3, p=6.1×10(-35)), SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, 12p12.1, p=1.9×10(-08)), NR2F2 (rs8023580, 15q26.2, p=8.3×10(-12)), ZNF652 (rs2411984, 17q21.32, p=3.5×10(-14)), TDGF3 (rs1573036, Xq22.3, p=4.1×10(-14)), LHCGR (rs10454142, 2p16.3, p=1.3×10(-07)), BAIAP2L1 (rs3779195, 7q21.3, p=2.7×10(-08)), and UGT2B15 (rs293428, 4q13.2, p=5.5×10(-06)). These genes encompass multiple biologic pathways, including hepatic function, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and T2D, androgen and estrogen receptor function, epigenetic effects, and the biology of sex steroid hormone-responsive cancers including breast and prostate cancer. We found evidence of sex-differentiated genetic influences on SHBG. In a sex-specific GWAS, the loci 4q13.2-UGT2B15 was significant in men only (men p=2.5×10(-08), women p=0.66, heterogeneity p=0.003). Additionally, three loci showed strong sex-differentiated effects: 17p13.1-SHBG and Xq22.3-TDGF3 were stronger in men, whereas 8q21.12-ZBTB10 was stronger in women. Conditional analyses identified additional signals at the SHBG gene that together almost double the proportion of variance explained at the locus. Using an independent study of 1,129 individuals, all SNPs identified in the overall or sex-differentiated or conditional analyses explained ∼15.6% and ∼8.4% of the genetic variation of SHBG concentrations in men and women, respectively. The evidence for sex-differentiated effects and allelic heterogeneity highlight the importance of considering these features when estimating complex trait variance.
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| 3. |
- He, Yuhui, et al.
(författare)
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AC Conductance of DNA molecule at low temperature
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 100, s. 052065-052065
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we have investigated the ac conductance of poly(C)-poly(G) DNA molecule at low temperature. Our results indicate that thermal fluctuations of DNA hopping energy will play a profound role for the ac conductance. It smoothes out the conductance curves at high ac signal frequency while does not suppress it substantially. The dependences of the ac conductance on the density of states in the contacts, ac signal frequency and temperature are also investigated.
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| 4. |
- He, Yuhui, et al.
(författare)
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Differential conductance as a promising approach for rapid DNA sequencing with nanopore-embedded electrodes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 97:4, s. 043701-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an approach for nanopore-based DNA sequencing using characteristic transverse differential conductance. Molecular dynamics and electron transport simulations show that the transverse differential conductance during the translocation of DNA through the nanopore is distinguishable enough for the detection of the base sequence and can withstand electrical noise caused by DNA structure fluctuation. Our findings demonstrate several advantages of the transverse conductance approach, which may lead to important applications in rapid genome sequencing. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467194]
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- He, Yuhui, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced DNA Sequencing Performance Through Edge-Hydrogenation of Graphene Electrodes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - Weinheim, Germany : WILEY-VCH. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 21:14, s. 2674-2679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of graphene electrodes with hydrogenated edges for solid-state nanopore-based DNA sequencing is proposed, and molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with electronic transport calculations are performed to explore the potential merits of this idea. The results of the investigation show that, compared to the unhydrogenated system, edge-hydrogenated graphene electrodes facilitate the temporary formation of H-bonds with suitable atomic sites in the translocating DNA molecule. As a consequence, the average conductivity is drastically raised by about 3 orders of magnitude while exhibiting significantly reduced statistical variance. Furthermore, the effect of the distance between opposing electrodes is investigated and two regimes identified: for narrow electrode separation, the mere hindrance due to the presence of protruding hydrogen atoms in the nanopore is deemed more important, while for wider electrode separation, the formation of H-bonds becomes the dominant effect. Based on these findings, it is concluded that hydrogenation of graphene electrode edges represents a promising approach to reduce the translocation speed of DNA through the nanopore and substantially improve the accuracy of the measurement process for whole-genome sequencing.
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| 7. |
- He, Yuhui, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism of How Salt-Gradient-Induced Charges Affect the Translocation of DNA Molecules through a Nanopore
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 105:3, s. 776-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments using nanopores demonstrated that a salt gradient enhances the capture rate of DNA and reduces its transfocation speed. These two effects can help to enable electrical DNA sequencing with nanopores. Here, we provide a quantitative theoretical evaluation that shows the positive net charges, which accumulate around the pore entrance due to the salt gradient, are responsible for the two observed effects: they reinforce the electric capture field, resulting in promoted molecule capture rate; and they induce cationic electroosmotic flow through the nanopore, thus significantly retarding the motion of the anionic DNA through the nanopore. Our multiphysical simulation results show that, during the polymer trapping stage, the former effect plays the major role, thus resulting in promoted DNA capture rate, while during the nanopore-penetrating stage the latter effect dominates and consequently reduces the DNA translocation speed significantly. Quantitative agreement with experimental results has been reached by further taking nanopore wall surface charges into account.
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| 8. |
- He, Yuhui, et al.
(författare)
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Salt-Gradient Approach for Regulating Capture-to-Translocation Dynamics of DNA with Nanochannel Sensors
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2379-3694. ; 1:6, s. 807-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the physical mechanisms that govern the ion and fluidic transport in salt-concentration-based nanochannel/nanopore systems is essential for the potential applications in bioanalysis. One central challenge is to interpret the observed four-stage change from osmosis to the reverse one with increasing salt gradient. Here we provide a unified model that outlines the intriguing role of two competing factors, the exclusion- and diffusion-induced electrical potentials. We demonstrate theoretically a direction control of a hydrodynamic flow via the salt gradient. Based on this, we also propose a salt-gradient approach for regulating DNA motion in nanochannels that enables voltage-free single-molecule capture with a significantly low translocation speed. The present method would be used as a useful protocol to overcome the key hurdle of tailoring the capture-to-translocation dynamics of polynucleotides for nanopore sequencing.
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| 9. |
- He, Yuhui, et al.
(författare)
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Thermophoretic Manipulation of DNA Translocation through Nanopores
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 7:1, s. 538-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manipulating DNA translocation through nanopore is one crucial requirement for new ultrafast sequencing methods in the sense that the polymers have to be denatured, unraveled, and then propelled through the pore with very low speed. Here we propose and theoretically explore a novel design to fulfill the demands by utilizing cross-pore thermal gradient. The high temperature in the cis reservoir is expected to transform double-stranded DNA into single strands and that temperature would also prevent those single strands from intrastrand base-pairing, thus, achieving favorable polymer conformation for the subsequent translocation and sequencing. Then, the substantial temperature drop across the pore caused by the thermal-insulating membrane separating cis and trans chambers would stimulate thermophoresis of the molecules through nanopores. Our theoretical evaluation shows that the DNA translocation speeds will be orders smaller than the electrophoretic counterpart, while high capture rate of DNA Into nanopore Is maintained, both of which would greatly benefit the sequencing.
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| 10. |
- Prasongkit, Jariyanee, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical assessment of feasibility to sequence DNA through interlayer electronic tunneling transport at aligned nanopores in bilayer graphene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast, cost effective, single-shot DNA sequencing could be the prelude of a new era in genetics. As DNA encodes the information for the production of proteins in all known living beings on Earth, determining the nucleobase sequences is the first and necessary step in that direction. Graphene-based nanopore devices hold great promise for next-generation DNA sequencing. In this work, we develop a novel approach for sequencing DNA using bilayer graphene to read the interlayer conductance through the layers in the presence of target nucleobases. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of DNA translocation through the pore were performed to trace the nucleobase trajectories and evaluate the interaction between the nucleobases and the nanopore. This interaction stabilizes the bases in different orientations, resulting in smaller fluctuations of the nucleobases inside the pore. We assessed the performance of a bilayer graphene nanopore setup for the purpose of DNA sequencing by employing density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function method to investigate the interlayer conductance of nucleobases coupling simultaneously to the top and bottom graphene layers. The obtained conductance is significantly affected by the presence of DNA in the bilayer graphene nanopore, allowing us to analyze DNA sequences.
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