| 1. |
- Larsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Anal incontinence after caesarean and vaginal delivery in Sweden : a national population-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 393:10177, s. 1233-1239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Elective caesarean delivery is increasing rapidly in many countries, and one of the reasons might be that caesarean delivery is widely believed to protect against pelvic floor disorders, including anal incontinence. Previous studies on this issue have been small and with conflicting results. The aim of present study was to compare the risk of developing anal incontinence in women who had a caesarean delivery, in those who had a vaginal delivery, and in two age-matched control groups (nulliparous women and men).Methods: In this observational population-based study, we included all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Register who gave birth by caesarean delivery or vaginal delivery during 1973-2015 in Sweden and were diagnosed with anal incontinence according to ICD 8-10 in the Swedish National Patient Register during 2001-15. Exclusion criteria were multiple birth delivery, mixed vaginal and caesarean delivery, and four or more deliveries. We compared the diagnosis of anal incontinence between women previously delivered solely by caesarean delivery and those who solely had delivered vaginally. We also compared it with two age-matched control groups of nulliparous women and men from the Swedish Total Population Register. Finally, we analysed risk factors for anal incontinence in the caesarean delivery and vaginal delivery groups.Findings: 3 755 110 individuals were included in the study. Between 1973 and 2015, 185 219 women had a caesarean delivery only and 1 400 935 delivered vaginally only. 416 (0.22 %) of the 185 219 women in the caesarean delivery group were diagnosed with anal incontinence compared with 5171 (0.37%) of 1 400 935 women in the vaginal delivery group. The odds ratio (OR) for being diagnosed with anal incontinence after vaginal delivery compared with caesarean delivery was 1 center dot 65 (95% CI 1 center dot 49-1 center dot 82; p<0.0001). When the combination vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery was compared with the nulliparous control group, the OR of being diagnosed with anal incontinence was 2 center dot 05 (1 center dot 92-2 center dot 19; p<0.0001). For the nulliparous women compared with men, the OR for anal incontinence was 1 center dot 89 (1 center dot 75-2 center dot 05; p<0.0001). The strongest risk factors for anal incontinence after vaginal delivery were high maternal age, high birthweight of the child, and instrumental delivery. The only risk factor for anal incontinence after caesarean delivery was maternal age.Interpretation: The risk of developing anal incontinence increases after pregnancy and delivery. Women with known risk factors for anal incontinence should perhaps be offered a more qualified post-partum examination to enable early intervention in case of injury. Further knowledge for optimal management are needed. Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, et al.
(författare)
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The determinant of external financing at the start-up stage : Empirical evidences from Swedish data
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development. - Switzerland : InderScience Publishers. - 1746-0573 .- 1746-0581. ; 10:1, s. 124-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small firms in general have limited access to funding, which is a major problem for entrepreneurs. In particular, this problem is evident for women and ethnic minority groups. The purpose of the study is to examine empirically the impact of gender, ethnicity and other relevant variables on the access to external financing of new small firms. A sample of 2,764 female– and male–owned small businesses, based on a unique and large database gathered through interviews, was investigated employing binary logistic regression models. The results suggest that both gender and ethnicity are significant explanatory variables influencing the access to external capital at the start–up stage. Entrepreneurs' age, experience of starting businesses and education, as well as additional jobs beside their own business, are other variables that influence the way in which entrepreneurs finance their business. Moreover, firm characteristics in terms of personal start–up capital, firm size and legal form have an impact on financing behaviour at start–up. Since the knowledge about this issue is limited, the results of this study add to our understanding of the variables affecting the behaviour of small business endeavours in seeking funding at start–up
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Johnn, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-techno-ecological transition dynamics in the re-territorialization of food production : the case of wild berries in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent geopolitical and economic crises underline the need for a European transition towards a more sustainable food system. Scholars and policymakers have called for a re-territorialization of food production to strike a better balance between local, regional and global value chains. This paper explores the role of re-territorialization through an analysis of the emergence, development and current transformation of the Swedish wild berry value chain. The analysis combines the multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions with a socio-techno-ecological system approach and draws on interviews, informal conversations, participant observations and a range of secondary sources. The resulting case narrative shows how processes of de-territorialization may result in regimes that fail to address sustainability potential and problems. It also highlights that processes of re-territorialization challenge established regimes by promoting niches that represent different, albeit complementary, value chain configurations. Apart from a rich empirical narrative that brings useful knowledge to stakeholders to the Swedish wild berry value chain, the paper contributes to the theoretical understanding re-territorialization, shows how the ecological dimension can be accounted for with the multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions and presents a number of general policy implications.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging topologies of transnational employment : 'Posting' Thai workers in Sweden’s wild berry industry beyond regulatory reach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geoforum. - : Elsevier. - 0016-7185 .- 1872-9398. ; 89, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper suggests a need to pay closer attention to the fact that employment is increasingly stretched across several regulatory regimes. This may help explain why governments, which rely on national legislative frameworks, struggle to protect the interests of transnationally mobile low-skilled workers. By adopting a topological approach to state regulation and authority, the paper demonstrates how powerful actors have reconfigured employment in Sweden’s wild berry industry in a spatial sense by engaging transnational subcontractors. It argues that transnational subcontracting inserts distance into employment relationships, thereby creating precarious migrant workers whose simultaneous absence and presence in several regulatory regimes places them partly beyond the regulatory reach of any one nation-state or nationally based trade union. The paper also argues that the Swedish government’s response to precarious working conditions in the wild berry industry can be understood as a series of attempts aimed at bringing transnational employment relationships within its regulatory reach. Drawing on topological spatial vocabulary, it shows how these attempts are less about the movement of state infrastructure into transnational space than about the stretching and folding of space itself, in an attempt to establish a powerful Swedish presence across distance. On the other hand, the paper concludes that transnational subcontracting opens up a space which enables wild berry actors to circumvent regulations and, as such, it remains very difficult for the Swedish government to reach into employment relationships in this industry.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Re-visiting the ‘black box’ of migration : State-intermediary co-production of regulatory spaces of labour migration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of ethnic and migration studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 8:3, s. 594-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is now widely held that a variety of intermediary actors, including recruitment and staffing agencies, multinational corporations and local brokers, shape labour migration. This paper argues that in order to better understand the global circulation of labour it is necessary to explore the involvement of these actors in the production of the regulatory spaces through which migrant labour is brokered. Indeed, migration intermediaries do not only navigate borders on behalf of their migrant clients. Nor is ‘the state’ primarily a backdrop against which the understanding of the role of intermediaries may be developed. Instead, we argue, regulatory spaces of labour migration are made and remade through direct and indirect exchanges and interactions between intermediaries and state actors. Through an analysis of three moments of regulatory change in Sweden, the paper shows that such interaction does not take place in an even landscape but, rather, that the ability of migration intermediaries to influence the regulation of migration lies in the capacity to form close relationships or establish a powerful presence. A focus on the dynamic co-production of regulatory spaces by intermediaries and state actors, in our view, offers a more nuanced account of how labour migration currently is brokered and regulated.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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Re-visiting the 'black box' of migration: state-intermediary co-production of regulatory spaces of labour migration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of ethnic and migration studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 48:3, s. 594-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is now widely held that a variety of intermediary actors, including recruitment and staffing agencies, multinational corporations and local brokers, shape labour migration. This paper argues that in order to better understand the global circulation of labour it is necessary to explore the involvement of these actors in the production of the regulatory spaces through which migrant labour is brokered. Indeed, migration intermediaries do not only navigate borders on behalf of their migrant clients. Nor is ‘the state’ primarily a backdrop against which the understanding of the role of intermediaries may be developed. Instead, we argue, regulatory spaces of labour migration are made and remade through direct and indirect exchanges and interactions between intermediaries and state actors. Through an analysis of three moments of regulatory change in Sweden, the paper shows that such interaction does not take place in an even landscape but, rather, that the ability of migration intermediaries to influence the regulation of migration lies in the capacity to form close relationships or establish a powerful presence. A focus on the dynamic co-production of regulatory spaces by intermediaries and state actors, in our view, offers a more nuanced account of how labour migration currently is brokered and regulated.
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| 8. |
- Bienkowska, Dzamila, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetskraftens rörlighet och kunskapsspridning i kluster : exemplet IT- och telekomföretag i Kista
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten analyserar rörlighet på en specialiserad arbetsmarknad genom en studie av kunskapsföretag verksamma inom IT- och telekomklustret i Kista. Frågor som undersöks är företagens inställning till arbetskraftsrörlighet, rörlighetens roll för spridning av kunskap inom klustret samt förekomsten av eventuella oskrivna regler som hindrar eller underlättar rörlighet. Inom ramen för studien har informanter från tjugo företag intervjuats. Rapporten ger följaktligen en inblick i hur klusterföretagen själva resonerar och agerar kring arbetskraftsrörlighet. Utgångspunkten är att det teoretiskt sett finns anledning att tro att kluster, det vill säga geografiska koncentrationer av företag, kan bidra till att öka arbetskraftens rörlighet genom att erbjuda ett stort utbud av både arbetsgivare med likartade krav och specialiserad arbetskraft. Hög rörlighet skulle medföra effektiv kunskapsspridning inom klustret. Studien visar att Kistaföretagen i många fall betraktar låg rörlighet som en positiv företeelse. De företag som på ett generellt plan förespråkade hög rörlighet implementerade inte heller några konkreta åtgärder för att öka den. En slutsats som dras är därmed, för det första, att företagen associerar arbetskraftens rörlighet med risker för det egna företaget. För det andra var företagen generellt sett nöjda med lokaliseringen till Kista, men ansåg sällan att den var till nytta i en rekryteringssituation eller hade inte övervägt saken. Många företag, i synnerhet de små, rekryterade ny arbetskraft genom personliga nätverk, som man menade är bransch- snarare än platsspecifika. Emellertid hade samtliga företag någon eller flera viktiga relationer med andra Kistaföretag, vilka ibland resulterade i personalutbyte. Det är därmed troligt att rörligheten på Kistas arbetsmarknad är högre än företagen är medvetna om. För det tredje sågs rörlighet som ett effektivt verktyg till att öka företagens kunskapsbas, men inte det vanligaste på grund av de kostnader som är förknippade med detta. Bland annat uppgav ett flertal företag, särskilt tjänsteproducenter, att det existerar en hederskodex inom den egna branschen, som förhindrar rekrytering av arbetskraft från vissa kund- eller partnerföretag.
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| 9. |
- Carmo, Renato M., et al.
(författare)
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Translocal mobility systems : social inequalities and flows in the wild berry industry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geoforum. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0016-7185 .- 1872-9398. ; 99, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses the lens of translocality to investigate the seasonal mobility system of Thai berry pickers in Sweden: the perspective highlights the local-to-local relations that constitute this transnational and fluid mobility system. In this paper, we add the aspect of social inequalities to translocal studies, while arguing that multi-sited and locally grounded recruitment processes are contributing to produce and reproduce the mobility system. In the migrant-receiving area, stereotyping processes are active in shaping the selection of workers based on ethnicity, whereas in the migrant-sending area local asymmetries are visible in the selectivity of workers on the basis of age, wealth, and gender. In this way, the aspect of social inequalities, locally embedded at both ends of the recruitment process, is highlighted as a dimension to consider in translocal mobility systems. This is achieved through the analysis of multi-sited fieldwork in Sweden and Thailand that consisted of observations and interviews with Thai workers and representatives of the Swedish berry business.
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| 10. |
- Eimermann, Marco, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Downshifting Dutch Rural Tourism Entrepreneurs in Sweden : Challenges, Opportunities and Implications for the Swedish Welfare State
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tourism Employment in Nordic Countries. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030478124 - 9783030478131 ; , s. 303-325
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter offers a much-needed exploration of downshifting in the context of lifestyle migration and tourism entrepreneurship. Analysing results from 12 interviews with Dutch tourism entrepreneurs in rural Sweden, it draws attention to gender issues in male and female reasoning around motivations for migration and their daily business practices. It illustrates gender differences in downshifting, since more women work in tourism, while men find employment in other sectors and in less rural areas. The authors relate this with social and spatial inequality in the Swedish welfare state. They conclude with reflections on implications of increased downshifting practices for Sweden, and suggestions for future research.
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