| 1. |
- Gottlieb-Vedi, Eivind, et al.
(författare)
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Extent of Lymphadenectomy and Long-Term Survival in Esophageal Cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 277:3, s. 429-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the hypothesis that survival in esophageal cancer increases with more removed lymph nodes during esophagectomy up to a plateau, after which it levels out or even decreases with further lymphadenectomy.Summary of Background Data: There is uncertainty regarding the ideal extent of lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy to optimize long-term survival in esophageal cancer.Methods: This population-based cohort study included almost every patient who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in Sweden or Finland in 2000-2016 with follow-up through 2019. Degree of lymphadenectomy, divided into deciles, was analyzed in relation to all-cause 5-year mortality. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for all established prognostic factors.Results: Among 2,306 patients, the 2nd (4-8 nodes), 7th (21-24 nodes) and 8th decile (25-30 nodes) of lymphadenectomy showed the lowest all-cause 5-year mortality compared to the 1st decile (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.97, HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.99, and HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.93, respectively). In stratified analyses, the survival benefit was greatest in decile 7 for patients with pathological T-stage T3/T4 (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.78), although it was statistically improved in all deciles except decile 10. For patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, survival was greatest in decile 7 (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.86), although survival was also statistically significantly improved in deciles 2, 6, and 8.Conclusion: Survival in esophageal cancer was not improved by extensive lymphadenectomy, but resection of a moderate number (20-30) of nodes was prognostically beneficial for patients with advanced T-stages (T3/T4) and those not receiving neoadjuvant therapy.
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| 2. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Students’ framing of laboratory exercises using infrared cameras
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Special Topics. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 1554-9178. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal science is challenging for students due to its largely imperceptible nature. Handheld infraredcameras offer a pedagogical opportunity for students to see otherwise invisible thermal phenomena. In thepresent study, a class of upper secondary technology students (N = 30) partook in four IR-cameralaboratory activities, designed around the predict-observe-explain approach of White and Gunstone. Theactivities involved central thermal concepts that focused on heat conduction and dissipative processes suchas friction and collisions. Students’ interactions within each activity were videotaped and the analysisfocuses on how a purposefully selected group of three students engaged with the exercises. As the basis foran interpretative study, a “thick” narrative description of the students’ epistemological and conceptualframing of the exercises and how they took advantage of the disciplinary affordance of IR cameras in thethermal domain is provided. Findings include that the students largely shared their conceptual framing ofthe four activities, but differed among themselves in their epistemological framing, for instance, in how farthey found it relevant to digress from the laboratory instructions when inquiring into thermal phenomena.In conclusion, the study unveils the disciplinary affordances of infrared cameras, in the sense of their use inproviding access to knowledge about macroscopic thermal science.
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| 3. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal cameras in school laboratory activities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics Education. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0031-9120 .- 1361-6552. ; 50:4, s. 424-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal cameras offer real-time visual access to otherwise invisible thermal phenomena, which are conceptually demanding for learners during traditional teaching. We present three studies of students’ conduction of laboratory activities that employ thermal cameras to teach challenging thermal concepts in grades 4, 7 and 10–12. Visualization of heat-related phenomena in combination with predict-observe-explain experiments offers students and teachers a pedagogically powerful means for unveiling abstract yet fundamental physics concepts.
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| 4. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Värmekameror gör det osynliga synligt
- 2014
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Ingår i: Venue. - 2001-788X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Med hjälp av värmekameror framträder lejonen på Serengeti tydligt på kilometers håll i natten på BBC:s senaste filmer och läckande fjärrvärmeledningar kan numera upptäckas från helikopter. Det kan låta som science fiction, men den snabba teknikutvecklingen inom detta område gör att vi nu kan ”göra det osynliga synligt” även i det naturvetenskapliga klassrummet.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hayami, Masaru, et al.
(författare)
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Population-Based Cohort Study from a Prospective National Registry : Better Long-Term Survival in Esophageal Cancer After Minimally Invasive Compared with Open Transthoracic Esophagectomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgical Oncology. - : Springer Nature. - 1068-9265 .- 1534-4681. ; 29:9, s. 5609-5621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Recent research indicates long-term survival benefits of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) compared with open esophagectomy (OE) for patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers, but there is a need for more population-based studies. Methods We conducted a prospective population-based nationwide cohort study including all patients in Sweden diagnosed with esophageal or junctional cancer who underwent a transthoracic esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis. Data were collected from the Swedish National Register for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in 2006-2019. Patients were grouped into OE and MIE including hybrid MIE (HMIE) and totally MIE (TMIE). Overall survival and short-term postoperative outcomes were compared using Cox regression and logistic regression models, respectively. All models were adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, clinical T and N stage, neoadjuvant therapy, year of surgery, and hospital volume. Results Among 1404 patients, 998 (71.1%) underwent OE and 406 (28.9%) underwent MIE. Compared with OE, overall survival was better following MIE (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.94), TMIE (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.94), and possibly also after HMIE (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.56-1.02). MIE was associated with shorter operation time, less intraoperative bleeding, higher number of resected lymph nodes, and shorter hospital stay compared with OE. MIE was also associated with fewer overall complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% CI 0.47-1.03) as well as non-surgical complications (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40-1.00). Conclusions MIE seems to offer better survival and similar or improved short-term postoperative outcomes in esophageal and GEJ cancers compared with OE in this unselected population-based cohort.
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| 7. |
- Hedberg, David, et al.
(författare)
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Metaforer och analogier inom termodynamik i kemiläroböcker för gymnasiet
- 2015
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Ingår i: NorDiNa. - 1504-4556 .- 1894-1257. ; 11:1, s. 102-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Science education research has long taken an interest in how we may make full use of analogies and metaphors in science teaching. Further, more recently, the role of implicit, conceptual metaphors in connecting abstract conceptual knowledge to concrete embodied experiences has been recognised. The textbook plays a central role in upper secondary teaching, as it is, together with the teacher, a source of knowledge for the students. We have analysed the use of analogies, and explicit and implicit metaphors in two Swedish upper secondary chemistry textbook, and interviewed two of the authors of the textbooks. Abstract states and processes were found to be construed by means of the Object-Event and Location-Event Structure metaphors. Explicit metaphors and analogies were presented, but the comparisons were not always elaborated sufficiently in order to guide the students’ interpretations and avoid possible misunderstandings.
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| 8. |
- Hedberg, Jesper
(författare)
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Function, expression and polymorphism of human alcohol dehydrogenase 3/glutathionedependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3), identical to glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, plays a vital role in the defense against formaldehyde through the activity for the spontaneously formed adduct between formaldehyde and glutathione, Shydroxymethylglutathione (HMGSH). ADH3 may also participate in the metabolism of Snitrosylated glutathione, GSNO. To further investigate substrate enzyme interactions, Arg115 which has been shown to be crucial for HMGSH binding through charge interactions, was mutated into Ser or Lys. Both ADH3 mutants showed reduced activities for HMGSH and GSNO while only the ADH3-Arg115Ser mutant showed reduced activity for the model substrate 12- hydroxydodecanoate. Mainly, changes in activities were due to increased K. values. The decreased HMGSH and GSNO activities of the ADH3-Arg115Lys mutant indicate that not only a positive charge but also an exact positioning of the substrate is necessary for efficient catalysis. In addition, an attempt was made to introduce ADH3 characteristics in an ADH1 enzyme through the generation of the double mutant ADH1C2Leu57Asp/Aspll5Arg. This was partly successful since ADH3-like kinetic features for 12hydroxydodecanoate and ethanol was monitored. However, the ADH1C2Leu57Asp/Asp115Arg displayed no HMGSH activity. GSNO was efficiently reduced by the human ADH3 with NAD+ as preferred coenzyme. By electrospray tandem mass spectrometry the major products of GSNO reduction were identified as glutathionesulfinamide and GSSG. We speculate that ADH3 catalyzed GSNO reduction takes place in vivo. The potential enzymatic defense by ADH3 was characterized in oral buccal tissue specimens and oral epithelial cell lines using RNA hybridization and immunological methods as well as enzyme activity measurements. From mRNA and protein distribution profiles in the intact tissue, substantiated by in vitro experiments, an association of ADH3 mRNA was observed primarily to proliferative keratinocytes while the protein was retained during the entire keratinocyte life span in oral mucosa. Substantial capacity for formaldehyde detoxification was shown from quantitative assessments of alcohol and aldehyde oxidizing activities including Km determinations, demonstrating that ADH3 is the major enzyme involved in formaldehyde oxidation in oral mucosa. The expression of ADH3 in epithelial in vitro model systems, i.e., monolayer cultures and regenerated epithelia with normal and transformed epithelial cell lines, were characterized. Similar ADH3 expression levels among the various cell lines and tissue like protein distribution in regenerated epithelia indicate preservation of ADH3 during malignant transformation and functionality of the transformed cell lines as in vitro models for studies of formaldehyde metabolism in human oral mucosa. A screen for allelic variants of ADH3 revealed four possible base pair exchanges in the promoter region: GG.197,-196 -4 AA, G-79 -4 A and C+9 g T. The AA-197,-196 allele was relatively common among Chinese, Spaniards and Swedes while the presence of the A-79 allele was restricted to Spaniards and Swedes. The T+9 allele was found only among Swedes with a frequency of 1.5 %. Promoter activity assessments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the C+9 gT exchange resulted in a significant transcriptional decrease in HeLa cells and possibly also a decreased binding of nuclear proteins. In summary, the finely tuned substrate specificity of ADH3 offers an enzymatic defense against both formaldehyde and nitrosative stress. In human oral tissue as well as in human epithelial cell lines, ADH3 serves as the prime guardian against formaldehyde. Finally, the ADH3 gene is polymorphic which might influence the protective capacity in certain individuals.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Holmberg, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Aspirin or statin use in relation to survival after surgery for esophageal cancer : a population-based cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2407. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adjuvant postoperative treatment with aspirin and statins may improve survival in several solid tumors. This study aimed to assess whether these medications improve the survival after curatively intended treatment (including esophagectomy) for esophageal cancer in an unselected setting.Methods: This nationwide cohort study included nearly all patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in Sweden from 2006 to 2015, with complete follow-up throughout 2019. Risk of 5-year disease-specific mortality in users compared to non-users of aspirin and statins was analyzed using Cox regression, providing hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The HRs were adjusted for age, sex, education, calendar year, comorbidity, aspirin/statin use (mutual adjustment), tumor histology, pathological tumor stage, and neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy.Results: The cohort included 838 patients who survived at least 1 year after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Of these, 165 (19.7%) used aspirin and 187 (22.3%) used statins during the first postoperative year. Neither aspirin use (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.67-1.28) nor statin use (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.64-1.23) were associated with any statistically significant decreased 5-year disease-specific mortality. Analyses stratified by subgroups of age, sex, tumor stage, and tumor histology did not reveal any associations between aspirin or statin use and 5-year disease-specific mortality. Three years of preoperative use of aspirin (HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.98-1.65) or statins (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67-1.45) did not decrease the 5-year disease-specific mortality.Conclusions: Use of aspirin or statins might not improve the 5-year survival in surgically treated esophageal cancer patients.
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