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- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Theme-based assessment of education in design and product development
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International CDIO Conference. - : Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One fundamental challenge in choosing an examination form to assess student achievements is to find an examination which, both encourages students to continuously elaborate the course content and constitutes a learning process itself. The objective of this paper is to share and reflect on the development and implementation of a new theme-based examination in a six credit course in Product Ergonomics given in the engineering programme Design and Product Development at Linköping University, Sweden. The course runs during four months and has two parts: one theoretical and one applied. The former focuses on theoretical ergonomic topics, models and methods while the latter is a project aiming at consolidating the students’ understanding of the theory by implementing the knowledge in a product development case. To encourage the students to adapt a deep learning approach, the traditional written mid-term exam for the theoretical part was abandoned and another concept developed. In the new concept, the theoretical part was split onto six weekly themes. Each theme was introduced at the beginning of the week by high-lighting main theories and models followed by a group-work assignment to be elaborated on by the students during the week. The theme was examined at the end of the week through a short written exam and a seminar to discuss and reflect upon the theme. From a student perspective, the positive outcome of the theme-based examination was peer learning and a more active learning style. The students appreciated the theme-based structure of the course. Occasionally, some students commented that weekly examinations could be perceived as stressful. The teachers perceived the students to be more acquainted with ergonomics theory and methods which increased the quality of the course project. The reported theme-based assessment is one example of implementing among others the CDIO syllabus parts 2.2 and 3.1and CDIO standards 8 and 11.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the user beyond ‘common sense’ – teaching Product Ergonomics to design engineering students
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 19th Triennial Congress of the IEA. - : International Ergonomics Association.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multidisciplinary frameworks are needed to develop products that fit the human. Ergonomics is a multifaceted field that encompasses physical, cognitive and organizational aspects, and it is therefore a suitable subject to be taught to design engineering students.The objective of this paper was to describe and reflect upon how a systems perspective on Ergonomics is developed and conveyed in a course in Product Ergonomics to engineering students at the Design and Product Development (DPD) programme at Linköping University, Sweden. The paper is based on the authors’ experiences from teaching the course in Product Ergonomicsas well ason 52 students’ written reflections about their view on Ergonomics before and after taking the course.Means and ideas for teaching Ergonomics with a systems perspective included organizing a theoretical introduction into weekly themes and thereafter integrating and applying these themes in a product concept project under supervision of a multidisciplinary teacher team.The paper also reflects on how the systems perspective of Ergonomics is planned for and realized in the intended, implemented and attained curriculum.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Per, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of prostate cancer screening using a decision analytic model
- 1993
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As early prostate cancer is often asymptomatic, the disease is often not diagnosed until it has reached an advanced, incurable stage. However, if diagnosed when it is still confined to the prostate, prostate caner is potentially curable. At present, there are no completed prospective evaluations or other scientific evidence to suggest that prostate cancer mortality is reduced or that quality of life is increased either by curative treatment or by screening programmes. However, the potential effects of a screening programme can be modelled using decision analytic computer software.The aim of this project was to develop a model for comparing the expected quality-adjusted life expectancy for a group of men subjected to a programme of screening for prostate cancer to that of a control group with conventional case-finding, given limited empirical data on the effectiveness of both strategies.Due to limitations of existing data, the analysis was developed during the early stages of evaluating a prostate cancer screening programme. We wish to illustrate how an analytic tool such as this model can be used in the future.The model was functionally separated into two parts. The first part, the observation submodel, covers the first 6 years of the programme and classifies the screened population into different quality of life states, based on observed outcomes. The second part, the simulation submodel, predicts quality adjusted life-years for healthy participants and for prostate cancer patients who receiving curative treatment or expectant management. Data for the model were obtained from a pilot programme on screening for prostate cancer in which a randomly selected population sample has been screened by digital rectal examination in Norrköping Sweden in 1987 and 1990. The outcome evaluated in the model was quality-adjusted life expectancy for individuals in the cohort invited to the screening programme, compared to results for population controls.While the preliminary results identify some health benefits associated with screening, more accurate empirical data for a number of key variables could improve the evaluation. One feature of this model is that it combines solid, empirical data from the observation submodel with simulated results. When better empirical data on the actual consequences of different strategies are available, they can easily be analysed by using this model.
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| 4. |
- Djerf, K, et al.
(författare)
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A simplified roentgen stereophotogrammetric method. Analysis of small movements between the prosthetic stem and the femur after total hip replacement.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 28:5, s. 603-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simplified roentgen stereophotogrammetric method is described. It is based on the use of a 50 mm thick reference plate consisting of a carbon-fibre-reinforced polyester box. The patient is placed directly on this box, which makes the methods less cumbersome and more suitable for routine use. The method has been tested in a model experiment designed for detecting small movements between femur and prosthesis at an early stage after total hip replacement. The head and two hemispheres on the prosthesis and three small tantalum balls inserted in the femur serve as reference points. The model experiment now reported shows that the method has acceptable precision.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hedbrant, Johan, 1959-
(författare)
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En annorlunda dag om tinnitus
- 1998
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Ingår i: Audio-nytt. - Stockholm, Sverige : LIC audio. - 0347-6308. ; :4, s. 16-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det finns - nästan - lika många teorier om tinnitus som det finns forskare och vetenskapsman. Den gåtfulla sjukdomen penetrerades vid ett symposium i Lund, där många teorier stöttes och blöttes av 1 70-talet engagerade deltagare. Kan till exempel lösningen på gåtan om plötslig spädbarnsdöd stå fram som ett exempel för forskningen? D.v.s. att lösningen finns mitt framför ögonen på oss, men vi vill inte ta till oss den?
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hedbrant, Johan, 1959-
(författare)
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Kostråd till diabetiker baseras inte på studier av diabetiker! : en kritik av ovetenskapen inom vetenskapen
- 2006
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Ingår i: 2000-Talets Vetenskap. - Uppsala : Föreningen SARA. - 1654-7810. ; :2, s. 14-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Övervikten i Sverige började öka sedan nyckelhålsmärkningen infördes 1989. I USA som ligger före Sverige vad gäller övervikt ökar nu typ-2-diabetes. Som intresserad lekman undrar man förstås varför, och det är glädjande att även näringsexperter börjar intressera sig för tänkbara orsaker. Johan Hedbrant har studerat det vetenskapliga underlaget för kostråden och funnit häpnadsväckande brister.I två artiklar i Läkartidningen hänvisar Larsson, Rothenberg och Vessby till nyligen uppdaterade kostråd av Diabetes Nutrition Study Group (DNSG), och noterar en skillnad jämfört med en typ av dieter som visat sig ge stora fördelar vid övervikt och typ-2-diabetes. De senare bygger på en reduktion av kolhydratinnehållet, medan DNSG ekommenderar upp till 60 energiprocent kolhydrat. I skenet av råden att äta mer kolhydrat och tredubblingen av typ-2-diabetes, undrar man lite över vetenskapen bakom att rekommendera mer av det näringsämne typ-2-diabetiker inte tål.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hedbrant, Johan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Ny mätmetod för käkmuskulaturen kan finna orsaken till tinnitus : Slutrapport Nutek 92-11904
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tinnitus är en åkomma som i lindrigare eller allvarligare former drabbar 17% av västvärldens befolkning. Ca 85 000 svenskar har tinnitus på invalidiserande nivå. Förutom mänskligt lidande orsakar tinnitus samhällskostnader på ca 1.5 miljard kr årligen. Orsaken är till största delen okänd.Vissa tecken tyder på ett samband mellan tinnitus och funktionsstörning i en käkmuskel. Några olika icke–invasiva metoder för mätning av muskelstörning i M Pterygoideus Lateralis har utvärderas. Två av dessa är intressanta för fortsatta studier.Termografi användes för att diagnosticera muskelstörningar på ytligt liggande muskler. Vi såg åtskilliga varma områden på ytliga käk– och nackmuskler på de patienter som hade käkledsstörningar, samt möjligen tecken på onormal värme från M Pterygoideus Lateralis. Mätförhållandena var dock ej ideala.En metod att mäta EMG med adaptiv noise cancelling provades. EMG från en ryggmuskel, stört av en “EKG–signal” från hjärtat användes. Metoden fungerade bra. Fortsatt metodutveckling på t.ex. ryggmuskler borde göras.
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