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- Bornfalk Back, Anders
(författare)
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Från stenkrigare till borgjarl : Befästningskonsten i östra Sverige, 375-750 e.Kr
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main fortification tradition of pre-Viking Age eastern Sweden consisted of defensive walls built in an advanced dry-stone technique, some including internal timber-lacing and supporting earthen banks. Erected on mountain crests, hillocks, plains and shorelines, these constructions were part of the martial landscape of an immensely transformative period in Scandinavian Iron Age. However, inadequate temporal and spatial frameworks have long hampered any engagement with this phenomenon. In combination with the profound demilitarization of these walls and ramparts, which dominated Swedish archaeology from c. 1990 and two decades on, this has resulted in a state of knowledge of this tradition that is not on a par with the significance it once had.The thesis addresses these issues by establishing the chronology of this architectural tradition and, with this tool, by exploring the martial dimensions of the fortifications as well as the lifestyle of those behind the walls. Data from c. 80 excavations of various sizes, many of them carried out in the 20th century, are processed and combined with on-site analyses of the architecture and layout of the individual walls. Episodes concerning the concept of fortification in the Beowulf poem are examined and compared to the archaeological material. An approach is adopted which views the material culture of the fortifications as physical expressions of a complex network or system made up by the social, economic, religious and ideological elements that define the character of warfare and its participants. All members of a society are part of and influence such “war systems” practically as well as normatively, consciously or not.The study argues that the fortification tradition including the dry-stone technique was not static, widespread or an architectural monoculture. Instead, it was constantly evolving during the period AD 375/400-700/750 in relation to changing needs, ideals and skills according to regional conditions in the political and geographical landscape.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Anthropology. - : Wiley. - 0002-9483 .- 1096-8644. ; 164:4, s. 853-860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe objective of this study has been to confirm the sex and the affinity of an individual buried in a well-furnished warrior grave (Bj 581) in the Viking Age town of Birka, Sweden. Previously, based on the material and historical records, the male sex has been associated with the gender of the warrior and such was the case with Bj 581. An earlier osteological classification of the individual as female was considered controversial in a historical and archaeological context. A genomic confirmation of the biological sex of the individual was considered necessary to solve the issue.Materials and methodsGenome-wide sequence data was generated in order to confirm the biological sex, to support skeletal integrity, and to investigate the genetic relationship of the individual to ancient individuals as well as modern-day groups. Additionally, a strontium isotope analysis was conducted to highlight the mobility of the individual.ResultsThe genomic results revealed the lack of a Y-chromosome and thus a female biological sex, and the mtDNA analyses support a single-individual origin of sampled elements. The genetic affinity is close to present-day North Europeans, and within Sweden to the southern and south-central region. Nevertheless, the Sr values are not conclusive as to whether she was of local or nonlocal origin.DiscussionThe identification of a female Viking warrior provides a unique insight into the Viking society, social constructions, and exceptions to the norm in the Viking time-period. The results call for caution against generalizations regarding social orders in past societies.
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| 4. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-
(författare)
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Birka
- 2016
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Ingår i: Wikinger!. - Rosenheim : Koehler im Maximilian Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. - 9783782212472 ; , s. 68-71
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 6. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-
(författare)
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Close encounters with the byzantine border zones : on the eastern connections of the Birka warrior
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavia and the Balkans. - Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing. - 9781443877619 ; , s. 139-152
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eastern region of Viking-Age Scandinavia. The inhabitants constituted a cultural and social mix including people of various origins and with influences from a vast region of different cultures. This diverse mix of material culture and social practices is particularly noticeable in the context of the warriors. Perhaps more than others, these men were accustomed to the practices and traits of other groups of people and were impressed by foreign weaponry and warfare techniques. They combined high mobility with a tight-knit social structure and openness to new techniques and ideas. Their objective to serve the functions and people of the town, rather than a regional chieftain or petty king, made them stand out as a group, even compared to contemporary groups of warriors from nearby places. The strong presence of influences from the regions east and southeast of Scandinavia is predominantly evident. So what can be said about the evident Eastern connections of the Birka warriors?
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| 7. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-
(författare)
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Creating a Cultural Expression: On Rus' Identity and Material Culture.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Identity Formation and Diversity in the Early Medieval Baltic and Beyond.. - Leiden, Boston : Brill. - 9789004292178 ; , s. 91-106
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to understand the great network of trade and political alliances stretching from Birka to Constantinople we need to consider the cultural identity of the people moving along this trade route and the people inhabiting the trading posts. Their culture was based on trade, travel, and warfare, where warfare created an ideological superstructure that affected all: warriors, trade families, and the like. The cultural expression of thees people was maintained throughout a vast area by exceptionally close-woven - and not necessarily unproblematic - contacts. The topic of this chapter is the expression of affiliation and identity through the means of material culture, with special focus on the people living along the eastern trade route, referred to as Rus'.
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| 8. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Elite Burials with Bohemian Garnets in Vendel Period Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Royal Insignia of Late Antiquity from Mšec and Řevničov. - Rakovník : Museum in Rakovník. - 9788085081466 ; , s. 194-199
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a short note on two elite burilas from present day Sweden. Dated to the Vendel period, i.e. the equivalent of the Merovingian period in Swedish historical writing, these two burials contain the only known examples of Bohemian garnets in the Swedish archaeological material. In the text, the two burials will be presented and the garnets contexualised and discussed.
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| 9. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-
(författare)
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Entering the Viking Age through the Baltic
- 2020
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Ingår i: Relations and Runes. - Visby : Riksantikvarieämbetet. - 9789172098503 - 9789172098510 ; , s. 11-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte, 1971-
(författare)
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Farmer, Raider, Trader, Ruler : Society and People of the Eastern Viking World
- 2022
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Ingår i: Norman Connections. - Regensburg : Verlag Schnell + Steiner GmbH. - 9783795436704 ; , s. 46-57
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many conceptions about Vikings, some of them possibly true, while others are mere colourful figments of imagination. The one truth we can hold for certain is that the Viking Age and its people, including those we call Vikings, were many different things often at the same time. The result is a multitude of histories rather than one shared history.1 This is perhaps especially apparent when considering the eastern part of the Viking World. The historical narratives of the Vikings are often dominated by actions and events framed by the raids in the North Atlantic and the coasts and rivers of Western Europe. The movement by Scandinavians into the European East, and far beyond, was equally extensive and connected Scandinavia to some of the foremost centres of power of the time. While the western expansion is often characterised by raids, violence and power politics, the eastern counterpart is frequently depicted as more peaceful, with Scandinavians mainly engaging in trade or in agricultural colonialization of sparsely populated regions. But was there really a great discrepancy between the movements, or is this a later construct based on differences in source material and research traditions? Aiming at going beyond the usual preconceptions, this text explores the varieties of roles and identities of the people, hoping to convey some of the richness and complexity that formed the society of the eastern Viking World.
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