| 1. |
- Hedges, Spencer R., et al.
(författare)
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Epithelial cytokine responses and mucosal cytokine networks
- 1995
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Ingår i: Trends in Microbiology. - 0966-842X. ; 3:7, s. 266-270
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Localized at the border between the external environment and the internal tissue, epithelial cells are exposed to stimulants from two directions. Microorganisms in the lumen can activate the transcription of cytokine mRNA and cytokine secretion, and cytokines in the mucosal environment can modify endogenous and microbially induced epithelial cytokine responses. Epithelial cells thus actively participate in mucosal immunity and inflammation.
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| 2. |
- Hedges, Spencer R., et al.
(författare)
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Immunoregulatory cytokines modify Escherichia coli induced uroepithelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 responses
- 1996
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Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-4666. ; 8:9, s. 686-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analysed the effects of immunoregulatory cytokines on uroepithelial cell cytokine responses. The A-498 human kidney cell line was treated with the interleukins IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, interferon gamma (IFN-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1). Secreted IL-6 and IL-8 were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and bioassay; IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA species were quantitated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1, but not IL-2, IL-5, IL-10 or IL-12, stimulated IL-6 secretion. At high concentrations, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulated low levels of IL-8 secretion. Immunoregulatory cytokines were analysed for their ability to modify the A-498 cells' IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in response to Escherichia coli. IL-5, IL-12, IL-13 and TGF-β1 additively enhanced the bacterially induced IL-6 secretion, but they did not affect IL-8 secretion. The strongest affects on uroepithelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 responses in the presence of bacteria were observed in conjunction with IL-4 and IFN-α. IL-4 induced IL-6 production in synergy with E. coli. IFN-α both enhanced and inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 responses in combination with E. coli, depending on the order of stimulant addition. The results demonstrate that immunoregulatory cytokines can modify the uroepithelial cell responses to bacteria in vitro. In this way T cells may regulate the cytokine responses of uroepithelial and possibly other mucosal epithelial cells in vivo.
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| 3. |
- Leffler, Hakon, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for studying bacterial adhesion in Vivo
- 1995. - C
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Ingår i: Adhesion of Microbial Pathogens. - 0076-6879. ; 253, s. 206-220
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultimate goal of studies on microbial adhesion is to understand what molecular interactions between the host and microbe occur in vivo and the impact of these interactions on disease processes. With this goal in mind, the problem can be approached at four levels. At the biochemical level, the host receptors at the relevant colonization site are identified; at the cell biology level, consequences of bacterial binding to host epithelial cells are studied in cell culture; at the physiological level, the consequences of bacterial binding are studied in experimental animals or humans; and at the population level, the consequences of receptor binding for colonization are studied by epidemiological methods. This chapter provides an example of studies at each level and discusses the implications for what might occur in vivo.
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| 4. |
- Petersson, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Suppressed antibody and interleukin-6 responses to acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy
- 1994
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538. ; 45:2, s. 571-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the effect of pregnancy on the host response to acute pyelonephritis. Urine and serum samples were obtained at the time of diagnosis and after two weeks, from non-pregnant and pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis. The samples were analyzed for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and specific antibody activity to antigens extracted from the Escherichia coli strain infecting each patient. The host response to infection was further quantitated as fever, C-reactive protein, and renal concentrating capacity. Acute pyelonephritis in non-pregnant and pregnant women was accompanied by a significant serum and urine antibody response. The serum antibody response was significantly lower in the pregnant group. The IL-6 levels in serum and urine at diagnosis were significantly higher in the non-pregnant compared to the pregnant women. These results demonstrate that the immunosuppression of pregnancy includes the mucosal IL-6 and specific antibody responses to acute pyelonephritis caused by E. coli.
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| 5. |
- Svanborg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial Adherence and Epithelial Cell Cytokine Production
- 1993
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Ingår i: Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie. - 0934-8840. ; 278:2-3, s. 359-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epithelial cell lines produce the cytokines IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-8 when stimulated with Escherichia coli. The cytokine response is enhanced by P fimbriae. The epithelial cell lines also respond to stimulation with other cytokines. These in vitro findings were confirmed in vivo in patients with E. coli infection who secreted IL-6 and IL-8 into the urine. The observations suggest that epithelial cells play a more active role in the mucosal immune response than previously recognized.
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| 6. |
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