| 1. |
- Mutiganda, Jean Claude, Universitetslektor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of the research on telework and organizational economic performance indicators
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: A systematic review is conducted in the study to investigate the relationship between telework and organizational economic performance indicators such as self-reported employee performance, organizational performance, actual employee turnover rates, or intentions.Methods: The databases Scopus, Business Source Premier, and Web of Science were used to conduct a literature search. Original articles published from 2000 and up to May 2021 were selected. Studies were screened for inclusion independently by review pairs and data were extracted. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies included.Results: Forty-three studies were included with some addressing multiple outcomes. Self-reported performance was higher for teleworking employees compared to those working in the ordinary workplace. The extent of the change in performance was dependent on individual characteristics and the extent of the teleworking practice in the organization. Telework was also associated with increased organizational performance, particularly in homogenous samples with unique work tasks. When telework is voluntary, it appears that both actual employee turnover rates and intentions to leave the organization are lower.Discussion: Further research with high-quality prospective designs is necessary to properly understand the contribution of telework to organizational economic performance indicators.
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| 2. |
- Brusaca, Luiz Augusto, et al.
(författare)
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24-hour compositions of physical (in)activity among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison between Brazil and Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ICAMPAM2022 conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sedentary behavior (SED) has generally increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in people working from home, and physical activity (PA) has therefore decreased. However, it is unclear whether the pandemic has affected office workers in different countries in the same way. We aimed to compare the 24-hour time-use compositions of physical behaviors between Brazilian and Swedish office workers at working and non-working days during the pandemic. Methods: Physical behaviors were monitored over 7 days using thigh-worn accelerometer in 73 Brazilian and 202 Swedish workers. Daily time-use compositions were exhaustively described in terms of SED in short (<30 min) and long (≥30 min) bouts, light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and time-in-bed (TIB). Following a compositional data analysis, isometric log-ratios (ilr) were calculated to express the ratio of TIB to time spent awake, SED (short and long bouts) relative to LPA and MVPA, SED in short relative to long bouts, and LPA relative to MVPA. We examined differences between countries using MANOVA, followed by univariate post-hoc tests of pairwise differences. Results: Both groups spent most of their time SED and in bed. On working days, Brazilian workers spent 294 min in SED in short bouts, 477 min in SED in long bouts, 157 min in LPA, 50 min in MVPA and 461 min TIB; Swedes spent 274, 365, 257, 86 and 458 min, respectively. During non-working days, results were 279, 359, 237, 61 and 504 min among Brazilians and 263, 251, 305, 93 and 529 min among Swedes. Brazilians and Swedes differed significantly in the set of ilrs as a whole during working (p < 0.001) and non-working days (p < 0.001) and in all pairwise comparisons, except for the ratio of TIB to time spent awake during non-working days. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic Brazilian and Swedish office workers behaved differently. Whether this relates to restrictions being different or to differences even before the pandemic is not clear.
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| 3. |
- Brusaca, Luiz Augusto, et al.
(författare)
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Sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and sleep among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of Brazil and Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BMC. - 1471-2458. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical behaviours of office workers worldwide, but studies comparing physical behaviours between countries with similar restrictions policies are rare. This study aimed to document and compare the 24-hour time-use compositions of physical behaviours among Brazilian and Swedish office workers on working and non-working days during the pandemic.Methods: Physical behaviours were monitored over 7 days using thigh-worn accelerometers in 73 Brazilian and 202 Swedish workers. Daily time-use compositions were exhaustively described in terms of sedentary behaviour (SED) in short (<30 min) and long (≥30 min) bouts, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and time-in-bed. We examined differences between countries using MANOVA on data processed according to compositional data analysis. As Swedish workers had the possibility to do hybrid work, we conducted a set of sensitivity analyses including only data from days when Swedish workers worked from home.Results: During working days, Brazilian office workers spent more time SED in short (294 min) and long (478 min) bouts and less time in LPA (156 min) and MVPA (50 min) than Swedish workers (274, 367, 256 and 85 min, respectively). Time spent in bed was similar in both groups. Similar differences between Brazilians and Swedes were observed on non-working days, while workers were, in general, less sedentary, more active and spent more time-in-bed than during working days. The MANOVA showed that Brazilians and Swedes differed significantly in behaviours during working (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.36) and non-working days (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.20). Brazilian workers spent significantly more time in SED relative to being active, less time in short relative to long bouts in SED, and more time in LPA relative to MVPA, both during workdays and non-workdays. Sensitivity analyses only on data from days when participants worked from home showed similar results.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic Brazilian office workers were more sedentary and less active than Swedish workers, both during working and non-working days. Whether this relates to the perception or interpretation of restrictions being different or to differences present even before the pandemic is not clear, and we encourage further research to resolve this important issue.
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| 4. |
- Crenshaw, Albert G., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced muscular oxygenation during computer mouse use with time pressure and precision demands
- 2004
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings at the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) 51st Annual Meeting. ; 35:5, s. S221-S222
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring oxidative metabolic states may provide information on the mechanism behind computer use related musculoskeletal disorders. PURPOSE: To compare tissue oxygen saturation (Sat-O2) profiles in the forearm extensor carpi radialis (ECR) during computer mouse use with and without time pressure and precision demands. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy, right-handed subjects (12 females, 12 males; age 19-28 years) participated in the study. Subjects performed a 45-min mouse operated computer task on two occasions, separated by 3-5 days. The task consisted of painting squares that were presented on the screen. On one occasion, time pressure and precision demands were imposed by limiting the time available for painting a square and introducing a scoring system based on precision of painting (STRESS). On the other occasion, no such restraints were added (NON-STRESS). The order of the two task versions was randomized. During the task, Sat-O2 in the right ECR muscle was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy – NIRS (Inspectra, Hutchinson Technology). In addition, subjective ratings of tenseness and strain, and painting performance measures were recorded. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant decline in Sat-O2 during the STRESS condition (p < 0.05), but no change for the NON-STRESS condition. A gender difference was apparent as females exhibited an overall lower Sat-O2 than males (p < 0.05); however, no interaction was found. Subjects’ ratings of tenseness and strain were significantly higher during the STRESS as compared to the NON-STRESS condition (p < 0.001). These data were paralleled by work pace (i.e. squares painted during STRESS = 119; NON-STRESS = 84, p < 0.001). Furthermore, accuracy of painting was greater for the STRESS as compared to the NON-STRESS condition (p < 0.01), i.e., number of times outside the square, STRESS = 2, NON-STRESS = 4. No gender differences in subjective ratings or performance variables were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding of a change in local metabolic states under stressful conditions may shed light on the mechanism behind computer mouse related forearm muscular disorders. Furthermore, that females demonstrate a lower ECR Sat-O2 could give precedence to their higher incidence of disorders than males.
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Local oxygen saturation during computer work in patients with computer related disorders from the upper extremity : a pilot study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Conference proceeding at the 49th NAM conference (Nordiska Arbetsmiljömötet).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionAlong with increasing number of computer users in work organizations, upper extremity complaints become more and more common. Research has shown that increased exposure to repetitive keyboard and mouse use increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. However, the physiological mechanisms remain unclear. Pathological processes as the rate of the metabolism (energy crisis) can be conceivable as a cause of the symptoms and disability related to intensive computer work 1 . To date, there are no studies made upon local tissue oxygen (O2) saturation during computer work in patients suffering from computer related disorders in the upper extremity. In the present study, we examined local tissue oxygen (O2) saturation in m. trapezius and m. extensor carpi radialis brevis before and during mouse operated computer work in patients suffering from computer related disorders, and looked at relations between oxygen saturation, subjective ratings of pain, symptoms and disability.Material and methodFour right dominant female patient subjects (PS) aged 27 to 46 recruited through the company health care participated in the study. Their mean height was 166 cm and weight of three PS 55.8 kg (130 kg for the fourth PS). They had one or several diagnoses each, comprising of neck myalgia, diffuse forearm pain and lateral epicondylitis. All of them worked full-time and used computer with keyboard and mouse or mousetrapper device. Three PS used the computer for 7-8 hours per workday. The PS related their disorder to intensive computer work for long hours and high precision demands.Skin fold thickness was measured with a caliper at m. trapezius (TRAP) and m. extensor carpi radialis (ECRB) on the right side, and ranged from 2-6 mm. The mean skin temperature was 32.2° during rest and 32.7° following work on the ECRB (there was one missing post-value due to technical problems). The local tissue oxygen saturation was measured non-invasively with near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS (Inspectra, Hutchinson Technology). One NIRS-electrode was placed at TRAP and the other on ECRB, both on the right side. After five minutes of rest, the PS performed a mouse operated computer task for 45 minutes with their right hand. The task consisted of painting squares presented on the screen, by using the mouse. Measurements of oxygen saturation were made throughout the computer work. Furthermore, subjective ratings of tiredness and strain were recorded on a 10 cm long VAS-scale. Symptoms and disability of the hand, arm and shoulder was rated with the DASH questionnaire, which contains the areas activities of daily living (ADL) and work 3. Descriptive statistics of the oxygen saturation comprised average and standard deviation of StO2 values in %. Comparison of the local tissue oxygen was made with the subjective ratings.Results and discussionTable 1. Local tissue oxygen (during 5 minutes rest and 45 minutes of computer work) and subjective ratings in PS.The mean saturation value for ECRB during rest was 52.6 (SD 20.2), work 46.7 (SD 14.7), and for TRAP during rest 58.8 (SD 21.2) and work 61.2 (SD 21.7). Skin fold thickness and skin temperature did not show any obvious interaction with the tissue oxygen values. Neither did comparisons of PS´s subjective ratings of tiredness and strain, symptoms, disability and the oxygen saturation, or severity of ratings and oxygen saturation. This might be due to the small amount of subjects and/or that the subjective ratings were not sensitive enough or do not fully reflect the state of art of computer related disorders from the upper extremity. One of the PS in our study reported intense delayed onset of pain 24 hours after the computer work. It is important to be aware that this can occur. The group of PS in this study had lower mean tissue oxygen saturation than healthy female subjects in another study that used the same device and performed an identical mouse operated computer task2. More research is needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind upper extremity disorders and the extent to which local tissue oxygen saturation reflects their symptoms and disability.References1. Boushel, R.; H., L.; Olesen, J.; Gonzales-Alonzo, J.; Bulow, J.; and Kjaer, M.: Monitoring tissue oxygen availability with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in health and disease. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 11: 213-22, 2001.2. Heiden, M.; Dahlgren, G.; Lyskov, E.; Crenshaw, A.; and Johansson, H.: Effects of time pressure and precision demands during computer mouse work on muscle oxygenation and position sense. In Nordiska arbetsmiljömötet. Edited, Nyslott, Finland, 2003.3. http://iwh.on.ca/dash.html.
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| 6. |
- Gupta, Nidhi, et al.
(författare)
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Improving questionnaire-based estimates of occupational physical activity of blue-collar workers by individual and work related information
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Questionnaire-based information of occupational physical activities is extensively used, but susceptible to systematic errors. Calibration modeling may reduce errors and improve precision of questionnaire-based information by transforming the selfreported data into more correct estimates of “true” exposure. We aimed (1) to determine the ability of unadjusted ratings of Saltin and Grimby’s Occupational Physical Activity (SGOPA) question to estimate objectively measured sedentary behaviour, physical activity and cardiovascular load, and (2) to develop and evaluate statistical models calibrating SGOPA ratings into expected values of objectively measured exposures.Methods. 214 blue-collar workers responded to a questionnaire comprising the SGOPA question and questions on several individual and work-related factors. They wore two accelerometers measuring time spent in sedentary and in physical activities, and one Actiheart monitoring cardiovascular load (eventually expressed as %Heart Rate Reserve) for one to four days. Least-squares linear regression models were developed to predict each objectively measured exposure from SGOPA and additional self-reported individual and work-related predictors.Results. SGOPA alone explained 22% (R2 adjusted=21%) of the variance between individuals in sedentary behaviour and physical activities, and 8% (R2 adjusted =7%) of the variance in high cardiorespiratory load. When adding predictors related to individual and work to the regression model, explained variance increased to 51% (R2 adjusted=46%) for both sedentary behaviour and physical activities, and to 27% (R2 adjusted=19%) for high cardiorespiratory load. Bootstrap validation suggested that explained variance would be reduced by 9-15% for the three exposures when using the model on other data sets.Discussion. SGOPA itself shows only limited ability to predict objectively measured sedentary behaviour, physical activities and cardiovascular load at work, but the performance of a calibration model can be considerably improved by adding further self-reported predictors.
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| 7. |
- Hallman, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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P09-09 Hybrid work and temporal patterns of sedentary behavior in a 24-hour compositional perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford Academic. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:Suppl2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many white-collar workers were requested to exclusively work from home (WFH), which may have affected their sedentary behavior. In Sweden, having less severe restrictions than many other countries, workers were allowed to alternate between WFH and work at the office (WAO), so called hybrid work. Understanding how hybrid work influences total sedentary behavior and its temporal distribution is an important issue for future health promotion. This study aimed to investigate to what extent office workers changed their temporal pattern of sedentary behavior during days WFH compared to WAO, considering age and gender as potential moderators.MethodsData were collected from May to December 2020 in office workers (n = 199). Their mean age was 42 (SD 10) years and 55% were women. Physical behaviors were measured using a thigh-worn accelerometer (AxivityAX3) for seven consecutive days. A diary identified working hours, time-in-bed and days WFH or WAO. Time-use was classified as short (0-5 min), moderate (5-30 min) and long bouts (>30 min) of sedentary behavior (SB), non-SB, and time-in-bed during workdays (WAO and WFH) and non-workdays. We used Compositional data analysis to express data as 24-hour compositions and linear mixed models to estimate difference in 24-hour compositions between day types (within worker), including age and gender as covariates and moderators.ResultsWe found that workdays (WFH and WAO) were associated with proportionally less time-in-bed relative to time awake, more time SB relative to non-SB, and more time in longer relative to shorter sedentary bouts, compared to non-workdays (all p > 0.001). WFH was associated with more time-in-bed relative to awake and more SB relative to non-SB than WAO (p > 0.05), but the differences for sedentary bouts were not significant. Younger workers and women had more SB, and women accumulated more time than men in longer relative to shorter bouts of SB. However, age and gender did not affect differences between day types.ConclusionsWorking from home influenced 24-hour time-use in office workers by increasing sedentary behavior in total, while its temporal pattern was unchanged. Results contribute to evidence that can support organizational policies on hybrid work.
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| 8. |
- Hallman, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Symposium: Arbete, individ och nacksmärta : Forskning vid Forte-centret “Kroppen i arbete – från problem till potential”
- 2018
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Ingår i: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet - problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö? 10-12 juni 2018 i Gävle. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789188145284 ; , s. 102-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Besvär ifrån kroppens muskler och leder såsom nack- och ryggbesvär är fortfarande ett stort problem inom arbetslivet. Muskuloskeletal diagnos är den vanligaste orsaken till lång sjukfrånvaro inom privat sektor och näst vanligast inom kommuner och landsting. Orsakerna till dessa besvär kan vara relaterade till exponering både under arbete och på fritid, men även till individfaktorer. Vår forskargrupp har en bred ansats för att fylla kunskapsluckor inom detta område och kommer att presentera resultat från flera forskningsprojekt i symposiet Arbete, individ och nacksmärta.Långvarigt sittande har blivit alltmer vanligt förekommande i många yrkesgrupper. Långvarigt sittande och låg fysisk aktivitet har också uppmärksammats som ett betydande hälsoproblem i dagens arbetsliv och även som en möjlig riskfaktor för smärta i nacke-skuldra. Men forskningen om betydelsen av långvarigt sittande för smärta i nacke-skuldra är fortfarande begränsad. Likaså är det oklart om huvudets hållning vid sittandet och nackens funktion, exempelvis nackens rörelsefunktion och styrka, har betydelse för besvärsutveckling. Statiskt arbete med nacken i vridna och böjda positioner misstänks vara en riskfaktor för nack-skuldersmärta i yrken såsom tandläkare, men det är oklart varför vissa exponerade individer drabbas medan andra inte får ont. För de med långvarig smärta krävs ofta rehabiliterande åtgärder, och hur väl dessa åtgärder lyckas kan även det vara beroende av individens fysiska och psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Individens arbetsmiljö påverkar således inte bara risken för om man får besvär utan kan också ha betydelse för hur rehabiliteringen av besvären lyckas.Syftet med detta symposium är att presentera studier från Centrum för belastningsskadeforskning som handlar om nacksmärta i arbetslivet, sammanfatta kunskapsläget inom området och diskutera hur arbetet kan utformas för att bli hållbart och inkluderande. De forskningsexempel som presenteras berör stillasittande och hållning i arbetslivet och dess tänkbara konsekvenser för nacksmärta och hälsa, riskfaktorer för nacksmärta i tandläkaryrket och arbetsmiljöns betydelse för resultatet av rehabilitering vid nacksmärta. Symposiet avslutas med en frågestund och gemensam diskussion.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hallman, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Working from home during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sweden: effects on 24-h time-use in office workers
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer. - 1471-2458. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered national recommendations encouraging people to work from home (WFH), but the possible impact of WFH on physical behaviors is unknown. This study aimed to determine the extent to which the 24-h allocation of time to different physical behaviors changes between days working at the office (WAO) and days WFH in office workers during the pandemic.Methods: Data were collected on 27 office workers with full-time employment at a Swedish municipal division during the COVID-19 outbreak in May–July 2020. A thigh-worn accelerometer (Axivity) was used to assess physical behavior (sedentary, stand, move) during seven consecutive days. A diary was used to identify periods of work, leisure and sleep. 24-h compositions of sedentary, standing and moving behaviors during work and non-work time were examined using Compositional data analysis (CoDA), and differences between days WAO and days WFH were determined using repeated measures ANOVA.Results: Days WFH were associated with more time spent sleeping relative to awake, and the effect size was large (F = 7.4; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.22). The increase (34 min) in sleep time during WFH occurred at the expense of a reduction in work and leisure time by 26 min and 7 min, respectively. Sedentary, standing and moving behaviors did not change markedly during days WFH compared to days WAO.Conclusion: Days working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden were associated with longer duration of sleep than days working at the office. This behavioral change may be beneficial to health.
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