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- Roizard, X., et al.
(författare)
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Friction behavior of ferritic stainless steel in a strongly diluted alcohol solution of alkylphosphonic acid
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 118, s. 465-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the potential for using this more environmentally friendly lubrication at an industrial scale forming of stainless steel. Against this background we analyze the characteristics of the tribofilm formed on a stainless steel surface during sliding experiments performed in solutions containing alkylphosphonic acids, under various contact conditions. Specific tribological tests were designed to analyze the dynamics of the lubricating mechanism. It was found that both the grafting of molecules and the transformation of these into an efficient tribofihn are quick processes, irrespective of substrate roughness or contact pressure, systematically leading to low friction coefficient.
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- Croll, Donald A., et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerabilities and fisheries impacts : the uncertain future of manta and devil rays
- 2016
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Ingår i: Aquatic conservation. - : Wiley. - 1052-7613 .- 1099-0755. ; 26:3, s. 562-575
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Manta and devil rays of the subfamily Mobulinae (mobulids) are rarely studied, large, pelagic elasmobranchs, with all eight of well-evaluated species listed on the IUCN Red List as threatened or near threatened. 2. Mobulids have life history characteristics (matrotrophic reproduction, extremely low fecundity, and delayed age of first reproduction) that make them exceptionally susceptible to overexploitation. 3. Targeted and bycatch mortality from fisheries is a globally important and increasing threat, and targeted fisheries are incentivized by the high value of the global trade in mobulid gill plates. 4. Fisheries bycatch of mobulids is substantial in tuna purse seine fisheries. 5. Thirteen fisheries in 12 countries specifically targeting mobulids, and 30 fisheries in 23 countries with mobulid bycatch were identified. 6. Aside from a few recently enacted national restrictions on capture, there is no comprehensive monitoring, assessment or control of mobulid fisheries or bycatch. Recent listing through the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) may benefit mobulids of the genus Manta (manta rays), but none of the mobulids in the genus Mobula (devil rays) are protected. 7. The relative economic costs of catch mitigation are minimal, particularly compared with a broad range of other, more complicated, marine conservation issues. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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- Heinrichs, Jannica, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of tool steel microstructure on initial material transfer in metal forming-In situ studies in the SEM
- 2013
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 302:1-2 SI, s. 1249-1256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal forming constitutes a group of industrially important processes to form metallic components to net shape. When forming aluminium and other materials that tend to stick to the tools, problems associated with material transfer, e.g. galling, may occur. In a previous study by the present authors, in situ observations of aluminium transfer during sliding contact in the SEM revealed that the surface topography and chemical composition of the tool steel counter surface have a strong impact on the initial material transfer tendency. Even if carefully polished to a very smooth surface (Ra < 50 nm), transfer of aluminium was found to immediately take place on a very fine scale and preferentially to the surface irregularities presented by the slightly protruding M(C,N) particles (height 15 nm) in the tool steel. In contrast, the less protruding M6C carbides, as well as the martensitic steel matrix exhibited very little initial transfer. The mechanism behind the preferential pick-up tendency displayed by the M(C,N) particles was not fully understood and it was not possible to determine if the decisive mechanism operates on the microstructural scale, the nanoroughness scale or the chemical bonding scale. In the present study, these mechanisms have been further investigated and analysed by comparing the very initial stages of material transfer onto different types of tool steels in sliding contact with aluminium in the SEM. The tool steels investigated cover conventional ingot cast and powder metallurgy steel grades, selected to possess a range of different types, amounts and sizes of hard phase particles, including MC, M(C,N), M7C3 and M6C. The transfer mechanisms are investigated using high resolution SEM, and the differences between the different microstructures and carbide types are carefully analysed. The implications for real metal forming are discussed.
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- Olsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Surface degradation mechanisms of cemented carbide drill buttons in iron ore rock drilling
- 2017
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 388-389, s. 81-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wear behavior of cemented carbide rock drill buttons is influenced by many factors, which include the composition and microstructure of the cemented carbide material, the nature of the rock material, and the conditions of the rock drilling operation. Depending on the type of rock and on the drilling procedure used, the cemented carbide is exposed to substantially differing mechanical and thermal conditions. In the present study, the surface degradation and wear mechanisms of cemented carbide drill buttons exposed to iron ore rock drilling have been characterized based on a combination of high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam cross-sectioning (FIB), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD).The results show a significant difference in surface degradation and wear between the front and peripheral buttons of the drill bits. While the front buttons display a relatively smooth worn surface with shallow surface craters the peripheral buttons display a reptile skin pattern, i.e. plateaus, 200-300. μm in diameter, separated by valleys, typically 40-50. μm wide and 15-30. μm deep, The reptile skin pattern is obtained in regions where the peripheral buttons are in sliding contact against the drill hole walls and exposed to high surface temperatures caused by the frictional heating. The results indicate that the reptile skin pattern is related to friction induced thermal stresses rather than mechanical contact stresses, i.e. the reptile skin pattern is formed due to thermal fatigue, rather than mechanical fatigue, caused by the cyclic frictional heating generated at the cemented carbide button/iron ore interface.
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- Patiño, Jairo, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling the nature of a miniature world : a horizon scan of fundamental questions in bryology
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Bryology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0373-6687 .- 1743-2820. ; 44:1, s. 1-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Half a century since the creation of the International Association of Bryologists, we carried out a review to identify outstanding challenges and future perspectives in bryology. Specifically, we have identified 50 fundamental questions that are critical in advancing the discipline.Methods. We have adapted a deep-rooted methodology of horizon scanning to identify key research foci. An initial pool of 258 questions was prepared by a multidisciplinary and international working group of 32 bryologists. A series of online surveys completed by a broader community of researchers in bryology, followed by quality-control steps implemented by the working group, were used to create a list of top-priority questions. This final list was restricted to 50 questions with a broad conceptual scope and answerable through realistic research approaches.Key results. The top list of 50 fundamental questions was organised into four general topics: Bryophyte Biodiversity and Biogeography; Bryophyte Ecology, Physiology and Reproductive Biology; Bryophyte Conservation and Management; and Bryophyte Evolution and Systematics. These topics included 9, 19, 14 and 8 questions, respectively.Conclusions. Although many of the research challenges identified are not newly conceived, our horizon-scanning exercise has established a significant foundation for future bryological research. We suggest analytical and conceptual strategies and novel developments for potential use in advancing the research agenda for bryology.
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