| 1. |
- Franz, D, et al.
(författare)
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Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe´s terrestrial ecosystems: a review
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Agrophysics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0236-8722 .- 2300-8725. ; 32, s. 439-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eckerberg, Katarina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Miljøinstituttene i Norge : Hovedrapport
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Norges forskningsråd har startet en omfattende evaluering av alle forskningsinstitutter som er underlagt Retningslinjer for statlig basisfinansiering. Denne evalueringen er den første i denne runden, og omfatter de åtte instituttene som utgjør miljøarenaen i basisfinansieringssystemet.Utvalget har både vurdert instituttene enkeltvis og sett på det samlede systemet som instituttene inngår i. Hensikten med evalueringen har både vært å gi råd for utforming av nasjonal instituttpolitikk, gi grunnlag for videre utvikling av Forskningsrådets virkemidler og å være til nytte for instituttene selv i deres eget utviklings- og strategiarbeid.Arbeidet med evalueringen har pågått fra mai 2014 til april 2015. I løpet av denne tiden har utvalget hatt fem møter, hvorav én samling hvor utvalget møtte alle instituttene. Som bakgrunn for evalueringen har utvalget hatt instituttenes egenevalueringer, en egen brukerundersøkelse, en faktarapport samt en rekke opplysninger som er skaffet til veie underveis ved hjelp av Forskningsrådet og Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning (NIFU). NIFU har også vært sekretær for arbeidet ved forskningsleder Espen Solberg.Evalueringen har bygget på et bredt mandat, som har omfattet en gjennomgang av instituttenes roller, formål og oppgaver, deres rammevilkår, instituttenes samspill og samarbeid, relevans for brukerne samt fremtidige utfordringer og muligheter. Det har vært en meget interessant men også krevende oppgave å dekke disse dimensjonene for en så heterogen gruppe av institutter. Arbeidet har også vist at instituttene har et sterkt fokus på strategisk utvikling og tilpasning til nye utfordringer og muligheter. Utvalget håper at evalueringen vil bidra med verdifulle perspektiver til disse prosessene, og at den vil utgjøre et nyttig kunnskapsgrunnlag for både instituttene, Forskningsrådet, departementer og øvrige myndigheter på feltet.Evalueringsutvalget vil rette en spesiell takk til de åtte miljøinstituttene for den innsatsen da har lagt ned i egenevalueringene og for svært interessante og nyttige samtaler under utvalgets møter med instituttene. Utvalget vil også takke Forskningsrådet for utmerket tilrettelegging gjennom hele prosessen samt til NIFU for et godt samarbeid om utformingen av rapporten og sammenfatningen av materialet fra evalueringen.Evalueringen er utarbeidet i fellesskap og er enstemmig.
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| 4. |
- Golub, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 18:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%-58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions.
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| 6. |
- Kou, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Peatland Heterogeneity Impacts on Regional Carbon Flux and Its Radiative Effect Within a Boreal Landscape
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953. ; 127:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peatlands, with high spatial variability in ecotypes and microforms, constitute a significant part of the boreal landscape and play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle. However, the effects of this peatland heterogeneity within the boreal landscape are rarely quantified. Here, we use field-based measurements, high-resolution land cover classification, and biogeochemical and atmospheric models to estimate the atmosphere-ecosystem C fluxes and the corresponding radiative effect (RE) for a boreal landscape (Kaamanen) in northern Finland. Our result shows that the Kaamanen catchment currently functioned as a sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a source of methane (CH4). Peatlands (26% of the area) contributed 22% of the total CO2 uptake and 89% of CH4 emissions; forests (61%) accounted for 78% of CO2 uptake and offset 6% of CH4 emissions; water bodies (13%) offset 7% of CO2 uptake and contributed 11% of CH4 emissions. The heterogeneity of peatlands accounted for 11%, 88%, and 75% of the area-weighted variability (deviation from the area-weighted mean among different land cover types (LCTs) within the catchment) in CO2 flux, CH4 flux, and the combined RE of CO2 and CH4 exchanges over the 25-year time horizon, respectively. Aggregating peatland LCTs or misclassifying them as nonpeatland LCTs can significantly (p < 0.05) bias the regional CH4 exchange and RE estimates, while differentiating between drier noninundated and wetter inundated peatlands can effectively reduce the bias. Current land cover products lack such details in peatland heterogeneity, which would be needed to better constrain boreal C budgets and global C-climate feedbacks.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Achilles tendon resting angle is able to detect deficits after an Achilles tendon rupture, but it is not a surrogate for direct measurements of tendon elongation, function or symptoms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 30, s. 4250-4257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate how the Achilles tendon resting angle (ATRA), an indirect measurement of tendon elongation, correlates with ultrasonography (US) measurements of the Achilles tendon length 6 and 12months after an acute ATR and relates to other clinical outcome measurements such as heel-rise height, jumping ability and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs). Methods: Patients were included following acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). Achilles tendon length, ATRA, heel-rise height (HRH), drop countermovement jump (Drop CMJ) and PROMs (Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) and physical activity scale (PAS)) were evaluated 6 and 12months after injury. Achilles tendon length was evaluated using US, while the ATRA was measured with a goniometer. Results: Sixty patients (13 women, 47 men), mean (SD) age 43 (9) years, with an acute ATR undergoing either surgical (35%) or non-surgical (65%) treatment were evaluated. A negative correlation (r = − 0.356, p = 0.010) between relative ATRA and tendon elongation was seen at 12months after ATR. There were also significant positive correlations at 6 and 12months between relative ATRA and HRH (r = 0.330, p = 0.011 and r = 0.379, p = 0.004). There were no correlations between ATRA and ATRS or ATRA and Drop CMJ, at either 6 or 12months after the injury. Conclusion: In combination with other clinical evaluations such as HRH and US, ATRA could be a clinical tool for indirect measurements of tendon elongation. However, ATRA cannot be recommended as a direct surrogate for US for determining Achilles tendon length. Level of evidence: III.
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| 9. |
- Taipale, K, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive and prognostic clinical variables in cancer patients treated with adenoviral oncolytic immunotherapy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 24:7, s. 1323-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of oncolytic viruses has recently made great progress towards being available to cancer patients. With the breakthrough into clinics, it is crucial to analyze the existing clinical experience and use it as a basis for treatment improvements. Here we report clinical data from 290 patients treated with oncolytic adenovirus. Using clinical variables and treatment characteristics, we constructed statistical models with regard to treatment response and overall survival. Additionally, we investigated effects of neutralizing antibodies, tumor burden and peripheral blood leucocyte counts on these outcomes. We found the absence of liver metastases to correlate with an improved rate of disease control (p=0.021). In multivariate evaluation, patients treated with viruses coding for immunostimulatory granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor were linked to better prognosis (HR 0.378, p<0.001), as well as women with any cancer type (HR 0.694, p=0.017). In multivariate analysis for imaging response, patients treated via intraperitoneal injection were more likely to achieve disease control (OR 3.246, p=0.027). Patients with low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio before treatment, had significantly longer overall survival (p<0.001). These findings could explain some of the variation seen in treatment outcomes after virotherapy. Furthermore, the results offer hypotheses for treatment optimization and patient selection in oncolytic adenovirus immunotherapy.Molecular Therapy (2016); doi:10.1038/mt.2016.67.
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