| 1. |
- Stackelberg, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle and Risk of Screening-Detected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Men
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Modifiable lifestyle-related factors associated with risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are rarely investigated with a prospective design. We aimed to study possible associations among such factors and comorbidities with mean abdominal aortic diameter (AAD) and with risk of AAA among men screened for the disease. Methods and Results-Self-reported lifestyle-related exposures were assessed at baseline (January 1, 1998) among 14 249 men from the population-based Cohort of Swedish Men, screened for AAA between 65 and 75 years of age (mean 13 years after baseline). Multivariable prediction of mean AAD was estimated with linear regression, and hazard ratios (HRs) of AAA (AAD >= 30 mm) with Cox proportional hazard regression. The AAA prevalence was 1.2% (n=168). Smoking, body mass index, and cardiovascular disease were associated with a larger mean AAD, whereas consumption of alcohol and diabetes mellitus were associated with a smaller mean AAD. The HR of AAA was increased among participants who were current smokers with >= 25 pack-years smoked compared with never smokers (HR 15.59, 95% CI 8.96-27.15), those with a body mass index >= 25 versus <25 ( HR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.22-2.93), and those with cardiovascular disease (HR 1.77, 95% CI, 1.13-2.77), and hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08-2.34). Walking or bicycling for >40 minutes/day (versus almost never) was associated with lower AAA hazard (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.97) compared with almost never walking or bicycling. Conclusions-This prospective study confirms that modifiable lifestyle-related factors are associated with AAD and with AAA disease.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Svensjö, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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Low prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm among 65-year-old Swedish men indicates a change in the epidemiology of the disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 124:10, s. 1118-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Screening elderly men with ultrasound is an established method to reduce mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; Evidence Level 1a). Such programs are being implemented and generally consist of a single scan at 65 years of age. We report the results from screening 65-year-old men for AAA in middle Sweden.METHODS AND RESULTS:All 65-year-old men (n=26,256), identified through the National Population Registry, were invited to an ultrasound examination. An AAA was defined as a maximum infrarenal aortic diameter of ≥30 mm. In total, 22 187 (85%) accepted, and 373 AAAs were detected (1.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 1.9). With 127 previously known AAAs (repaired/under surveillance) included, the total prevalence of the disease in the population was 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 2.4). Self-reported smoking (odds ratio, 3.4; P<0.001), coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 2.0; P<0.001), and hypertension (odds ratio, 1.6; P=0.001) were independently associated with AAA in a multivariate logistic regression model. Thirteen percent of the entire population reported to be current smokers, one third of the frequency reported in the 1980s. The observed low prevalence of AAA was explained mainly by this change in smoking habits.CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of the observed reduced exposure to risk factors, lower-than-expected prevalence of AAA among 65-year-old men, unchanged AAA repair rate, and significantly improved longevity of the elderly population, the current generally agreed-on AAA screening model can be questioned. Important issues to address are the threshold diameter for follow-up, the possible need for rescreening at a higher age, and selective screening among smokers.
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| 4. |
- Allan, Julie, et al.
(författare)
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Etiska perspektiv på specialpedagogers yrkesroll och värdepedagogiska praktik
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yrkesetik handlar om att hantera motstridiga värden på ett professionellt sätt. Olika dilemman är ständigt närvarande i skolans vardag och kan handla om att minimera risken för att elever ska exkluderas eller om att säkerställa att elever får möjlighet att visa sina kunskaper på rätt sätt. I sin yrkesroll ställs specialpedagogen inför mångfacetterade arbetsuppgifter som omfattar att stödja barn och elever i svårigheter, vara en kvalificerad samtalspartner i pedagogiska frågor och samverka med andra yrkesgrupper för att utveckla skolans verksamhet. Arbetet innebär val mellan olika handlingsalternativ som kräver både kunskap och förmåga att urskilja och värdera etiska aspekter i komplexa sammanhang. I boken diskuteras både dilemman och möjligheter där etiska perspektiv spelar en viktig roll. Kapitlen tar upp frågor med praktiknära innehåll som lämpar sig för såväl individuell reflektion som kollegiala samtal med syftet att skapa ett gemensamt yrkesetiskt språk. Boken vänder sig till blivande och praktiserande specialpedagoger samt andra yrkeskategorier med arbetsuppgifter inom det specialpedagogiska området.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergman, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Deglaciation and colonization : Pioneer settlements in northern Fennoscandia
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of world prehistory. - New York : Plenum. - 0892-7537 .- 1573-7802. ; 18:2, s. 155-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new data on Early Mesolithic settlements in northern Sweden and discuss the process of pioneer colonization. A new set of radiocarbon dates from archaeological sites push deglaciation of northern Fennoscandia further back in time and demonstrate the rapid arrival of pioneer settlers. Environmental data reveal a highly productive early postglacial setting with plant communities unmatched in present ecosystems. The chronological and technological setting supports immigration from the north and northwest with pioneers relying on a long history of enculturating northern subarctic landscapes.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Isostatic land uplift and Mesolithic landscapes : lake tilting, a key to the discovery of Mesolithic sites in the interior of Northern Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 30:11, s. 1451-1458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently only a few Mesolithic sites were known from the interior of N. Sweden, although extensive archaeological surveys have been carried out since the 1950s. The lack of archaeological data made every attempt to interpret the process of pioneer colonization quite fruitless. In this paper we present a model of non-uniform glacio-isostatic uplift and lake-tilting used to identify potential areas of Mesolithic habitation. By reconstructing shoreline displacement of ancient lakes, archaeological, palaeoecological and geological studies have resulted in the discovery of a significant number of Mesolithic sites and of an early post-glacial landscape previously unknown.
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| 8. |
- Bohm, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 14:6, s. 391-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European XFEL is a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) based on a high-electron-energy superconducting linear accelerator. The superconducting technology allows for the acceleration of many electron bunches within one radio-frequency pulse of the accelerating voltage and, in turn, for the generation of a large number of hard X-ray pulses. We report on the performance of the European XFEL accelerator with up to 5,000 electron bunches per second and demonstrating a full energy of 17.5 GeV. Feedback mechanisms enable stabilization of the electron beam delivery at the FEL undulator in space and time. The measured FEL gain curve at 9.3 keV is in good agreement with predictions for saturated FEL radiation. Hard X-ray lasing was achieved between 7 keV and 14 keV with pulse energies of up to 2.0 mJ. Using the high repetition rate, an FEL beam with 6 W average power was created. The first operation of the European X-ray free-electron laser facility accelerator based on superconducting technology is reported. The maximum electron energy is 17.5 GeV. A laser average power of 6 W is achieved at a photon energy of 9.3 keV.
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| 9. |
- Boström, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Duplex scanning as the sole preoperative imaging method for infrainguinal arterial surgery
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 23:2, s. 140-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to evaluate preoperative duplex as the sole investigation prior to lower limb reconstruction. Design retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: between January 1995 and December 1999, 157 of 329 surgical interventions for chronic infrainguinal arterial or aneurysmal disease were performed without preoperative angiography. RESULTS: in patients undergoing femoral artery endarterectomy, the extent of the stenosis and the status of the distal deep femoral artery were correctly diagnosed with duplex scanning in all but one patient. Duplex scan findings in patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass procedures were in agreement with the findings obtained from on-table angiography in regard to the selection of optimal outflow anastomotic sites in 123 (98%). Duplex scanning correctly evaluated the status of runoff in 113 (90%). There were no significant differences in 30-day occlusion rate and patency at 12 months between reconstructions performed with and without preoperative angiography. CONCLUSION: in patients with conclusive duplex scan findings there is no need to perform angiography prior to lower limb reconstruction.
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| 10. |
- Boström Ardin, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of patients with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with duplex scanning
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 43:4, s. 391-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the role of duplex scanning in the selection of patients with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1995 through May 2000, 702 patients (952 limbs), with chronic lower extremity ischemia due to infrainguinal atherosclerotic disease diagnosed by duplex scanning, were retrospectively studied. Diagnostic angiography (130 limbs) or infrainguinal PTA (108 limbs) was performed in 238 limbs. Two investigators retrospectively analyzed the duplex examinations and angiographies in a blinded manner and used similar criteria for the interpretation of lesions suitable or not suitable for PTA. RESULTS: The superficial femoral, popliteal and crural artery lesions were correctly selected for PTA in 85%, 66% and 32%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of duplex scanning to appropriately categorize femoropopliteal lesions as suitable or unsuitable for PTA were 89%, 83%, 92%, 94% and 78%, respectively. The accuracy of duplex scanning for predicting the performance of infrainguinal PTA was 83%. CONCLUSION: Duplex scanning has an important impact on the selection of treatment modalities in limbs with infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease. Femoropopliteal lesions can be reliably selected to PTA according to duplex scan findings.
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