| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aaltonen, Olli, et al.
(författare)
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Brain responses reveal hardwired detection of native-language rule violations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 444:1, s. 56-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neural correlate of the preattentive detection of any change in the acoustic characteristics of sounds. Here we provide evidence that violations of a purely phonological constraint in a listener's native language can also elicit the brain's automatic change-detection response. The MMN differed between Finnish and Estonian listeners, conditions being equal except for the native language of the listeners. We used two experimental conditions: synthetic vowels in isolation and the same vowels embedded in a pseudo-word context. MMN responses to isolated vowels were similar for Finns and Estonians, while the same vowels in a pseudoword context elicited different MMN patterns depending on the listener's mother tongue.
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| 3. |
- Ahola, Angela S., et al.
(författare)
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Is Justice Really Blind? : Effects of Crime Descriptions, Defendant Gender and Appearance, and Legal Practitioner Gender on Sentences and Defendant Evaluations in a Mock Trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 17:2, s. 304-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two experiments were conducted to investigate how sources of information can bias the judicial process. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of photographs of victims’ injury, and of vivid verbal victim injury description, on the evaluation and sentencing of a defendant in a mock criminal trial. The participants were presented with five different crime accounts: (a) vandalism, (b) arson, (c) child abuse, (d) child molestation, and (e) homicide, all committed by male perpetrators, and were asked to evaluate the trustworthiness, culpability, aggressiveness, guilt, and other crime-relevant personality traits of the defendant, and to set imprisonment sentences. Results of Experiment 1 showed that exposure to photographs of crime victim injuries as well as vivid crime descriptions had only weak and non-significant effects on defendant evaluations, but imprisonment terms tended to be longer in the Photo condition than in the No photo condition. To further investigate the possible effects of photographic information on judicial processes for different crimes (child molestation, child abuse, homicide), Experiment 2 was conducted with legal practitioners (judges, members of Swedish juries, law students, counsels for the defence, prosecutors, police officers) as evaluators. Results showed three tendencies: (a) a ‘‘same-sex penalty effect’’: sentencing evaluators (judges, jurors) evaluated a defendant of the same gender as the evaluator, more harshly than one of the opposite gender, (b) a ‘‘male penalty effect’’: non-sentencing evaluators (police officers, counsels for the defence, prosecutors, and law students) evaluated and judged a male defendant more harshly than a female, and (c) for female non-sentencing evaluators, the male penalty effect was enhanced for the more attractive defendants. Overall, the results suggest that defendant gender, defendant appearance, evaluator gender, and evaluator profession can affect the outcome of a criminal trial.
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| 4. |
- Ahola, Angela S., et al.
(författare)
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Justice Needs a Blindfold : Effects of Gender and Attractiveness on Prison Sentences and Attributions of Personal Characteristics in a Judicial Process
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-8719 .- 1934-1687. ; 16:1, s. 90-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the effect of gender and facial characteristics of criminal offenders on attributions of crime-relevant traits. The stimulus pictures portrayed women and men of varying attractiveness. Participants were presented with pictures of these female or male faces along with accompanying crime accounts. The crime account described the individual in the picture as a person who had committed one of the following crimes: theft, fraud, drug crime, child molestation, child abuse, or homicide. After reading one case account the participants were asked to evaluate the credibility and other crime-relevant personality traits of the offender. Results showed that female defendants were rated more favourably than were male defendants. Gender worked to the advantage of the female perpetrator. There were also slight tendencies towards more lenient appraisal of the more attractive women.
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| 5. |
- Bertheim, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of hyaluronan in the basement membrane zone of the skin correlates to the degree of stiff hands in diabetes patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 82:5, s. 329-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycosaminoglycans are important components of all extracellular matrices. One of the glycosaminoglycans is hyaluronan, which is ubiquitously distributed throughout the connective tissue. Hyaluronan is especially abundant in the skin, in which it is of both structural and functional importance. This study describes the localization and distribution of hyaluronan in the skin of healthy individuals and of 23 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and various degrees of limited joint mobility. In normal skin, hyaluronan staining was seen in all layers but most prominently in the papillary dermis and the basement membrane zone. In the skin from diabetic patients with normal or only moderately restricted mobility of the hands (limited joint mobility grades 0 and 1), the distribution of hyaluronan was similar to that of normal skin. In the skin of patients with severe restriction in joint mobility (limited joint mobility grade 2) the staining pattern was significantly different with weak hyaluronan staining in the papillary dermis and the basement membrane zone almost devoid of hyaluronan. Moreover, an increased epidermal thickness in the latter patients was evident as well as a pronounced hyaluronan staining compared with normal epidermis.
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| 6. |
- Dentoni Litta, Eugenio, 1986-
(författare)
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Integration of thulium silicate for enhanced scalability of high-k/metal gate CMOS technology
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High-k/metal gate stacks have been introduced in CMOS technology during the last decade in order to sustain continued device scaling and ever-improving circuit performance. Starting from the 45 nm technology node, the stringent requirements in terms of equivalent oxide thickness and gate current density have rendered the replacement of the conventional SiON/poly-Si stack unavoidable. Although Hf-based technology has become the de facto industry standard for high-k/metal gate MOSFETs, problematic long-term scalability has motivated the research of novel materials and solutions to fulfill the target performances expected of gate stacks in future technology nodes.In this work, integration of a high-k interfacial layer has been identified as the most promising approach to improve gate dielectric scalability, since this technology presents the advantage of potential compatibility with both current Hf-based and plausible future higher-k materials. Thulium silicate has been selected as candidate material for integration as interfacial layer, thanks to its unique properties which enabled the development of a straightforward integration process achieving well-controlled and repeatable growth in the sub-nm thickness regime, a contribution of 0.25+-0.15 nm to the total EOT, and high quality of the interface with Si.Compatibility with industry-standard CMOS integration flows has been kept as a top priority in the development of the new technology. To this aim, a novel ALD process has been developed and characterized, and a manufacturable process flow for integration of thulium silicate in a generic gate stack has been designed. The thulium silicate interfacial layer technology has been verified to be compatible with standard integration flows, and fabrication of high-k/metal gate MOSFETs with excellent electrical characteristics has been demonstrated.The possibility to achieve high performance devices by integration of thulium silicate in current Hf-based technology has been specifically demonstrated, and the TmSiO/HfO2 dielectric stack has been shown to be compatible with the industrial requirements of operation in the sub-nm EOT range (down to 0.6 nm), reliable device operation over a 10 year expected lifetime, and compatibility with common threshold voltage control techniques. The thulium silicate interfacial layer technology has been especially demonstrated to be superior to conventional chemical oxidation in terms of channel mobility at sub-nm EOT, since the TmSiO/HfO2 dielectric stack achieved ~20% higher electron and hole mobility compared to state-of-the-art SiOx/HfO2 devices at the same EOT. Such performance enhancement can provide a strong advantage in the EOT-mobility trade-off which is commonly observed in scaled gate stacks, and has been linked by temperature and stress analyses to the higher physical thickness of the high-k interfacial layer, which results in attenuated remote phonon scattering compared to a SiOx interfacial layer achieving the same EOT.
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| 7. |
- Duan, Rui-Dong, et al.
(författare)
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Human meconium contains significant amounts of alkaline sphingomyelinase, neutral ceramidase, and sphingolipid metabolites.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998. ; 61:1, s. 61-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase (Alk-SMase) and neutral ceramidase may catalyze the hydrolysis of endogenous sphin-gomyelin (SM) and milk SM in human-milk fed infants. The enzymes generate sphingolipid metabolites that may influence gut maturation. Alk-SMase also inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF) that is involved in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We examined whether the two enzymes are expressed in both preterm and term infants and analyzed Alk-SMase, neutral ceramidase, SM, and sphingolipid metabolites in meconium. Meconium was collected from 46 preterm (gestational ages 23-36 wk) and 38 term infants (gestational ages 37-42 wk) and analyzed for Alk-SMase using C-14-choline-labeled SM and for neutral ceramidase using C-14-octanoyl-sphingosine as substrates. Molecular species of SM, ceramide, and sphingosine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. Meconium contained significant levels of Alk-SMase and ceramidase at all gestational ages. It also contained 16-24 carbon molecular species of SM, palmitoyl-and stearoyl-sphingosine, and sphingosine. There were positive correlations between levels of SM and ceramide and between ceramide and sphingosine levels. In conclusion, Alk-SMase and ceramidase are expressed in the gut of both preterm and term newborn infants and may generate bioactive sphingolipid messengers.
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| 8. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Interrater Reliability of Psychopathy Checklist-Revised : Results on Multiple Analysis Levels for a Sample of Patients Undergoing Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 45:2, s. 234-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scores from the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) are used to support decisions regarding personal liberty. In our study, performed in an applied forensic psychiatric setting, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for absolute agreement, single rater (ICCA1) were .89 for the total score, .82 for Factor 1, .88 for Factor 2, and .78 to .86 for the four facets. These results stand in contrast to lower reliabilities found in a majority of field studies. Disagreement among raters made a low contribution (0%-5%) to variability of scores on the total score, factor, and facet level. For individual items, ICCA1 varied from .38 to .94, with >.80 for seven of the 20 items. Items 17 (“Many short-term marital relationshipsâ€) and 19 (“Revocation of conditional releaseâ€) showed very low reliabilities (.38 and .43, respectively). The importance of knowledge about factors that can affect scoring of forensic instruments (e.g., education, training, experience, motivation, raters’ personality, and quality of file data) is emphasized.
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| 9. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Leading with a cool head and a warm heart : trait-based leadership resources linked to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 42, s. 29559-29580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaders of today need to achieve well in terms of task performance, perceiving low stress, and having high levels of work engagement. One may ask whether trait-based leadership resource factors can be identified and how such resource factors might relate to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Our aim was to test the hypothesis, derived from Hobfoll’s motivational Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, that there are trait-based leadership resource factors, which are differentially correlated to the leaders’ task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Leaders (N = 344) aged from 23 to 65 years (M = 49, SD = 8.6; 58% women) completed an online questionnaire including measures of task performance, perceived stress, work engagement, personality traits, trait emotional intelligence, empathy, performance-related self-esteem, compassionate and rational leadership competence, and coping resources for stress. Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified four trait-based leadership resource factors. With Bonferroni adjustment, and controlling for sex, age, number of years in the current managerial position, self-deceptive enhancement, and impression management, only Rational Mastery was significantly positively correlated with task performance. Rational Mastery, Efficient Coping, and Modesty were negatively correlated with perceived stress, and all factors except Modesty, but including the fourth (Good-Heartedness) were positively correlated with work engagement. Organizations striving for sustainable work conditions should support trait-based leadership, which depends not only on a task-oriented resource such as rational mastery, but also on human-oriented resources such as efficient coping, modesty, and good-heartedness, all of them being differentially related to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement.
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| 10. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy Assessment with PCL-R has High Interrater Reliability if Conducted Without Bias
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scores of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) are used to support decisions regarding personal liberty. There is increasing concern about its interrater reliability in applied contexts, where low reliabilites have been obtained. We report a study in which 12 forensic psychiatric staff raters assessed 43 male offenders for psychopathy using the PCL-R. These ratings were compared with those obtained at a second occasion from separate interviews utilizing similar file data by an independent researcher, experienced as an expert for the defense. Intraclass correlation coefficients were high; .89 for the PCL-R total scale, .82 for Factor 1, and .38 – .94 for individual items. These results stand in contrast to the considerably lower reliabilities found in recent field studies, mainly conducted within adversary judicial systems. In such contexts, ratings may be biased. Interrater reliability of PCL-R is likely be increased if raters utilize similar data.
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