| 1. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 2. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 3. |
- Langkilde, Fredrik, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Manual prostate MRI segmentation by readers with different experience: a study of the learning progress
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the learning progress of less experienced readers in prostate MRI segmentation. Materials and methods: One hundred bi-parametric prostate MRI scans were retrospectively selected from the Göteborg Prostate Cancer Screening 2 Trial (single center). Nine readers with varying degrees of segmentation experience were involved: one expert radiologist, two experienced radiology residents, two inexperienced radiology residents, and four novices. The task was to segment the whole prostate gland. The expert’s segmentations were used as reference. For all other readers except three novices, the 100 MRI scans were divided into five rounds (cases 1–10, 11–25, 26–50, 51–76, 76–100). Three novices segmented only 50 cases (three rounds). After each round, a one-on-one feedback session between the expert and the reader was held, with feedback on systematic errors and potential improvements for the next round. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) > 0.8 was considered accurate. Results: Using DSC > 0.8 as the threshold, the novices had a total of 194 accurate segmentations out of 250 (77.6%). The residents had a total of 397/400 (99.2%) accurate segmentations. In round 1, the novices had 19/40 (47.5%) accurate segmentations, in round 2 41/60 (68.3%), and in round 3 84/100 (84.0%) indicating learning progress. Conclusions: Radiology residents, regardless of prior experience, showed high segmentation accuracy. Novices showed larger interindividual variation and lower segmentation accuracy than radiology residents. To prepare datasets for artificial intelligence (AI) development, employing radiology residents seems safe and provides a good balance between cost-effectiveness and segmentation accuracy. Employing novices should only be considered on an individual basis. Clinical relevance statement: Employing radiology residents for prostate MRI segmentation seems safe and can potentially reduce the workload of expert radiologists. Employing novices should only be considered on an individual basis. Key Points: • Using less experienced readers for prostate MRI segmentation is cost-effective but may reduce quality. • Radiology residents provided high accuracy segmentations while novices showed large inter-reader variability. • To prepare datasets for AI development, employing radiology residents seems safe and might provide a good balance between cost-effectiveness and segmentation accuracy while novices should only be employed on an individual basis. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Olsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Bra förpackning skyddar och säljer i hållbart system
- 2010
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Ingår i: Miljöforskning : Formas tidning för ett uthålligt samhälle. - 1650-4925. ; , s. 14-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Förpackningar ses ofta som en belastning för miljön och något ont som ska minimeras. Ny forskning visar att det tvärtom finns tillfällen då det är motiverat att öka mängden förpackningsmaterial, exempelvis när man kan minska spillet. Tvärvetenskapligt framtagna sätt att förpacka varor kan bidra till en hållbar utveckling och öka marginalerna för handeln. Nyckeln till effektiva varuflöden är välfyllda lastytrymmen och välanpassade förpackningssystem.
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| 6. |
- Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrient intakes independently affect growth in extremely preterm infants: results from a population-based study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:11, s. 1067-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo explore associations between energy and macronutrient intakes and early growth in extremely low gestational age (ELGA) infants. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethodsRetrospective population-based study of all ELGA infants (andlt;27weeks) born in Sweden during 2004-2007. Detailed data on nutrition and anthropometric measurements from birth to 70days of postnatal age were retrieved from hospital records. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResultsStudy infants (n=531) had a meanSD gestational age of 25.3 +/- 1.1weeks and a birth weight of 765 +/- 170g. Between 0 and 70days, average daily energy and protein intakes were 120 +/- 11kcal/kg and 3.2 +/- 0.4g/kg, respectively. During this period, standard deviation scores for weight, length and head circumference decreased by 1.4, 2.3 and 0.7, respectively. Taking gestational age, baseline anthropometrics and severity of illness into account, lower energy intake correlated with lower gain in weight (r=+0.315, pandlt;0.001), length (r=+0.215, pandlt;0.001) and head circumference (r=+0.218, pandlt;0.001). Protein intake predicted growth in all anthropometric outcomes, and fat intake was positively associated with head circumference growth. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusionExtremely low gestational age infants received considerably less energy and protein than recommended and showed postnatal growth failure. Nutrient intakes were independent predictors of growth even after adjusting for severity of illness. These findings suggest that optimized energy and macronutrient intakes may prevent early growth failure in these infants.
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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Betyg i högre utbildning
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SUHF:s arbetsgrupp för betygsfrågor har varit verksam under perioden 1 mars 2014 – 31 december 2015. Uppdraget har varit att undersöka behovet av betygssystem med fler betygs-steg i högskolan mot bakgrund av den konkurrenssituation som en internationaliserad utbildnings- och arbetsmarknad medför. Uppdraget har också varit att sprida erfarenheter kring flergradiga betygsskalor inkluderande både nationella erfarenheter och exempel från andra europeiska länder. Arbetsgruppen har också uppmanats att föreslå rekommendationer om betygssystem till SUHF:s medlemslärosäten. Arbetsgruppen har främst inhämtat underlag genom intervjuer, en enkät till lärosätena och Ladok-statistik omfattande drygt tre miljoner betygssättningar som renderat godkända betyg över en period av tre år. Resultatet av utredningen visar att svenska lärosäten har en stark tradition av målrelaterad betygssättning som samtliga involverade i utredningen upplever som positiv och viktig att bevara, oavsett antal grader i betygsskalan. Gruppens arbete bekräftar att det finns olika problem med de svenska betygssystemen ur ett internationaliseringsperspektiv. Det går dock inte att säga att det finns någon tydlig samsyn mellan lärosätena om exakt vilka dessa problem är eller hur stora de anses vara. Det är svårt att entydigt koppla problemen till valet av betygsskala. Det finns också andra faktorer för valet av betygsskala som verkar väga minst lika tungt som internationaliseringsperspektivet och som gör att lärosäten inte inför betygsskalor med fler grader. Utredningen visar vidare att flera olika betygssystem används i svensk högskola och heterogeniteten framträder som betydande, såväl mellan lärosäten som inom ett lärosäte. Det finns starka ämnesmässiga traditioner och god argumentation kring enskilda lärosätens val av skala men nationellt saknas det gemensamma ramar för betygssättning, samordning och uppföljning. Huvudsakligen används fortfarande fågradiga betygsskalor i Sverige men 43% av alla betyg sätts numera i betygsskalor med minst tre godkända betygssteg. Ett antal lärosäten har de senaste tio åren gått över till en sjugradig skala för all utbildning eller för viss utbildning som riktar sig till en internationell målgrupp. Under perioden 2011−2014 är A–F-skalan den enda betygsskala som ökat i omfattning medan exempelvis användningen av G–U-skalan minskat med 18,5 %. Att ha en flergradig betygsskala ses som positivt ur flera aspekter: det underlättar internationellt studentutbyte, det kommunicerar tydligare utbildnings-resultaten och är ett bättre instrument för urval för både vidare utbildning och rekrytering på arbetsmarknaden. Flergradiga betyg ställer höga krav på tydliga betygskriterier och genom-tänkta pedagogiska metoder för målrelaterad bedömning. Flera av de problem som rapporten påvisar skulle kunna lösas genom att en gemensam nationell flergradig betygsskala implementerades. I nuläget bedömer arbetsgruppen dock inte att det är realistiskt att rekommendera detta. De svenska lärosätena använder flera olika betygsskalor. De problem fågradiga betyg kan skapa för internationellt studentutbyte verkar upp-vägas av andra värden för många lärosäten. Ett relativt stort antal lärosäten har redan valt att införa en sjugradig betygsskala för utbildning med internationell inriktning. Ett önskemål som lyfts fram i flera enkätsvar och intervjuer är att ett meritvärde eller betyg för hel utbildning, motsvarande grade point average (GPA) införs. GPA upplevs fungera väl för internationell jämförelse. Ladok-statistiken visar på skillnader mellan lärosätena i användningen av betygsskalorna som – åtminstone i avsaknad av fördjupat underlag – ter sig anmärkningsvärt stora. Dessa skillnader bör ses mot bakgrund av att betygssättning är myndighetsutövning och att betyg är ett myndighetsbeslut som studenterna inte kan överklaga. Undersökningen visar på stora skillnader i betygsfördelningen mellan olika betygsskalor även då antalet steg är identiska (5-U respektive AB-U). Det gäller även inom en och samma betygsskala såväl mellan lärosäten som inom lärosäten. Andelen studenter som exempelvis får högsta betyg kan skilja stort. Stickprov inom lärosäten visar på samma variationer i betygssättningen mellan olika kurser. Det finns också en genusskillnad, dock liten. En bättre uppföljning med årlig betygsstatistik kunde införas, dels för alla lärosäten för att ge en nationell överblick och nationella betygsutfall för varje betygsskala, dels för vissa specifika ämnesområden för att kunna jämföra betygsutfall t ex i större utbildningsprogram som ges vid många lärosäten, såsom juristprogrammet, ingenjörsutbildning, lärarutbildning, psykologutbildning, ekonomiutbildning, socionomutbildning. Sådant underlag skulle stimulera till utveckling av examination och bedömning inom högskolan. Arbetsgruppen föreslår därför att.....
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| 8. |
- Ali, W, et al.
(författare)
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Visual tree detection for autonomous navigation in forest environment
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles SymposiumConference Location: Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS. ; , s. 1144-1149
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a classification based tree detection method for autonomous navigation of forest vehicles in forest environment. Fusion of color, and texture cues has been used to segment the image into tree trunk and background objects. The segmentation of images into tree trunk and background objects is a challenging task due to high variations of illumination, effect of different color shades, non-homogeneous bark texture, shadows and foreshortening. To accomplish this, the approach has been to find the best combinations of color, and texture descriptors, and classification techniques. An additional task has been to estimate the distance between forest vehicle and the base of segmented trees using monocular vision. A simple heuristic distance measurement method is proposed that is based on pixel height and a reference width. The performance of various color and texture operators, and accuracy of classifiers has been evaluated using cross validation techniques.
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| 9. |
- Berntson, Lillemor, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Haptoglobin in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Rheumatology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1546-0096. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Haptoglobin (Hp), a liver derived acute phase inflammatory protein (APP), has scarcely been studied in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Hp can occur in blood as two isoforms (Hp1 and Hp2) in precursor and mature forms. Routine clinical chemistry immunoturbidimetry does not discern these forms. It is unknown how different forms relate to disease activity in JIA. Our aims were to determine allele frequency and plasma concentrations of different Hp forms at higher versus lower JIA disease activity and compare to other APPs.METHODS: Plasma from JIA (n = 77) and healthy (n = 42) children were analyzed for apparent Hp allelic frequency and densitometric concentrations of alpha forms by Western blot (WB). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (buffy coat) was performed in a subset to estimate conformity with genetics. At higher versus lower juvenile arthritis disease activity score (JADAS27) (which includes erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)), total mature Hp concentration from WB was compared and correlated against immunoturbidimetry and total protein, albumin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP).RESULTS: At 300-fold dilution needed to study mature forms in Western blot, precursors were undetectable. Hp2 contributed most signal in most samples. Hp allele frequency was similar in JIA and controls. Both mature forms, taken separately or by sum, declined following treatment, but remained above concentrations of healthy controls, even in a remission subset that achieved JADAS27 < 1. Densitometry correlated with immunoturbidimetry. Hp concentrations correlated with JADAS27, albumin (negatively), CRP and SAA with immunoturbidimetric method correlating strongest to JADAS27 (Spearman R ~ 0.6, p < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Hp allele frequency in JIA is similar to the general population, indicating that children with JIA should have the same possibility as in healthy children to produce preHp2 (zonulin), thought to increase intestinal permeability. Circulating Hp concentrations largely parallel other APPs and ESR; none of these measures correlate very strongly to JADAS27 score but Hp can be measured from capillary sampling which is impossible with ESR.
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| 10. |
- Björner, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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High iNOS and IL-1β immunoreactivity are features of colitis-associated colorectal cancer tumors, but fail to predict 5-year survival
- 2023
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Upsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; mainly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) referred to as colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). In inflammatory flares of IBD, the production of luminal nitric oxide (NO) increases due to the increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in inflamed tissue. It is believed that iNOS parallels pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β). How these biomarkers relate to CAC pathogenesis or survival is unknown.AIM: The primary aim of this study was to investigate iNOS and IL-1β immunoreactivity in CAC tumors in comparison with CRC and normal colonic mucosa, and the secondary aim was to determine if immunoreactivity correlates with 5-year survival of CAC.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue sections as follows: CAC (n = 59); sporadic CRC (sCRC) (n = 12); colonic mucosa >2 cm outside sCRC margin (normal mucosa) (n = 22); paracancerous IBD (pIBD) (n = 12). The expression of iNOS and IL-1β was quantified separately for epithelium and stroma. Data were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the log-rank test for 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results were compared with online mRNA databases.RESULTS: Immunoreactivity occurred predominantly in epithelial cells and to lesser extent in stroma. Compared with normal mucosa, immunoreactivity for iNOS (P < 0.01) and IL-1β (P < 0.005) was higher in CAC epithelium. In CAC stroma, iNOS immunoreactivity was lower than normal mucosa (P < 0.001), whereas IL-1β was higher (P < 0.05). Immunoreactivity differences of iNOS or IL-1β among CAC patients failed to correlate with 5-year survival. These findings were supported by online mRNA databases.CONCLUSION: Consistent with high NO production in IBD, there is more iNOS in CAC epithelium, albeit not in stroma. This immunoreactivity difference exists for IL-1β in both epithelium and stroma. The intervention of arginine or iNOS activity for CAC chemotherapy is not straightforward.
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