| 1. |
- Hellström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Environmentally relevant concentrations of the common anxiolytic pharmaceutical oxazepam do not have acute effect on spawning behavior in mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ichthyology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0175-8659 .- 1439-0426. ; 36:1, s. 105-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low concentrations of psychiatric drugs are commonly found in surface waters around the world, and their ability to alter behaviors in aquatic fauna has raised concerns about ecological effects. One critical effect that contamination can have in aquatic systems is modifications of reproductive behaviors. In this study, we hypothesized that oxazepam, a common anxiolytic drug and aquatic contaminant previously shown to induce anti-anxiety behavior in salmonids, also affects the reproductive behavior of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). To test this hypothesis, small sexually mature Atlantic salmon males (mature parr) were exposed to concentrations of oxazepam comparable to that of effluent water (1.9 mu g/L). After 5 days of exposure, their reproductive behavior was compared with that of unexposed control individuals. Behavior was monitored in a large-scale flume aquarium that also contained a large male and a female to mimic natural spawning conditions for Atlantic salmon. Three behaviors were quantified for the mature parr; (a) amount of courting behavior towards female, (b) proximity to female, and (c) amount of attacks received from the large male. In contrast to our hypothesis, no difference in either courting behavior, proximity to female, or received aggression could be found between exposed and control male parr. Hence, our results indicate that there is no acute effect of the highest levels of oxazepam concentration reported for urban environments on spawning behavior of mature male parr, although chronic effects could not be ruled out.
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| 2. |
- Klaminder, Jonatan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Less anxious salmon smolt become easy prey during downstream migration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 687, s. 488-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hatchery-reared salmon smolt used for supplementary stocking often display poor migration behavior compared to wild smolt, which reduces the success of this management action. Oxazepam, an anxiolytic drug, has been shown to intensify salmon smolt migration in mesocosm experiments, and treatment with this drug has, therefore, been suggested as a management option to improve downstream smolt migration. In this study, we tested this by assessing migration performance of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt along a 21-km long natural river-to-sea migration route in a boreal river in Northern Sweden. Using acoustic telemetry, the migration rate and survival of smolt that had been exposed to oxazepam (200 mu g L-1, N = 20) was monitored and compared with a control group (N = 20) of unexposed smolt. Exposed smolt took significantly longer time to initiate migration after release compared to the control fish, but after that we observed no significant difference in downstream migration speed. However, exposed smolt had considerably higher probability of being predated on compared to control smolt. We attribute these results to increased risk-taking and higher activity in oxazepam-exposed smolt, which in turn increased initial non-directional exploratory behavior and decreased predator vigilance. These results are discussed based on current concerns for ecological implications of behavioral modifications induced by pharmaceutical pollution and climate change. We conclude that exposure to oxazepam is an unsuitable management option to prime migration of reared salmon in natural systems.
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| 3. |
- Söfteland, John M., 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Intestinal Preservation Injury: A Comparison Between Rat, Porcine and Human Intestines.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 20:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced preservation injury (PI) after intestinal transplantation has deleterious short- and long-term effects and constitutes a major research topic. Logistics and costs favor rodent studies, whereas clinical translation mandates studies in larger animals or using human material. Despite diverging reports, no direct comparison between the development of intestinal PI in rats, pigs, and humans is available. We compared the development of PI in rat, porcine, and human intestines. Intestinal procurement and cold storage (CS) using histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution was performed in rats, pigs, and humans. Tissue samples were obtained after 8, 14, and 24 h of CS), and PI was assessed morphologically and at the molecular level (cleaved caspase-3, zonula occludens, claudin-3 and 4, tricellulin, occludin, cytokeratin-8) using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Intestinal PI developed slower in pigs compared to rats and humans. Tissue injury and apoptosis were significantly higher in rats. Tight junction proteins showed quantitative and qualitative changes differing between species. Significant interspecies differences exist between rats, pigs, and humans regarding intestinal PI progression at tissue and molecular levels. These differences should be taken into account both with regards to study design and the interpretation of findings when relating them to the clinical setting.
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| 4. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Appendix : On definition and measurement
- 2021
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Ingår i: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 727-748
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The appendix introduces our empirical study of the coalition life cycle. The structure of each country chapter is based on six core tables, each one capturing a major stage in the coalition life cycle. In the book chapters, the tables help structure the analysis and provide wealth of information and details of the coalition cycle. Nevertheless, the book chapters and this appendix only present a sample of the data and information that we have collected for this research project. For reasons of space, we have had to limit the presentation in the book chapters in terms of time-periods and variables. This appendix presents many more details that are important for readers who are not familiar with the definitions used in coalition research or interested in how particular variables where measured. In addition to the definitions and measurements presented in this appendix, all the data and all the variables are presented in an on-line data appendix at www.erdda.org.
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Coalition governance in Western Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 1-14
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes the ambitions with the volume. First, we build on the lessons from earlier studies of governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe to deepen our understanding of the coalition life cycle, covering the three stages of a government's "life", beginning with the formation process, then turning to the governance stage, and lastly turning to the final phase when governments eventually terminate. Second, we seek to capture how recent changes in the Western European party systems, which are also described here, influence the various stages of the coalition life cycle. Third, we are in particular interested in how coalition partners cooperate and make policy once a government has formed, aiming to contribute to the growing literature on the topic of coalition governance. The chapter ends with a description of the content of the volume.
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| 6. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Coalition governance patterns across Western Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 680-726
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here summarize and compares the empirical results found by our country authors, focusing on the coalition life cycle in 17 countries. The chapter starts with a description of the changes that have occurred during the past decades in the party systems of Western Europe, and some institutional rules surrounding government formation and duration. We then turn to the comparing patterns of government formation across countries, showing that coalitions constitute almost 70 percent of the cabinets in Western Europe, and that the Scandinavian countries have been dominated by minority cabinets. Focusing on the coalition governance stage, we analyse the variation in the use of various control mechanisms across countries, for example showing that many coalition governments draft extensive contracts to control their partners in cabinet. The comparative data we present also shows that such agreements have become longer over time. Focusing on the last stage of the life cycle, we show that in a majority of countries, it is more common that a cabinet terminates early than serves the full term. There has also been a clear trend towards more government instability, even though the variation in cabinet duration across countries is large. We conclude this chapter by returning to the three coalition governance models described earlier in this volume, classifying the countries as being closer to one of the three models, based on a number of indicators and the information provided by our country experts.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Coalitions in times of crisis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Coalition politics in Central Eastern Europe. - London : Routledge. - 9781032355696 - 9781032357706 - 9781003328483 ; , s. 1-17
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With this book, we update the analysis of politics in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) along the coalition life cycle. Based on ten country chapters, and a concluding comparative chapter, more than 80 tables and several figures, we present and analyse information on the period from 2008 through 2021. The period saw three major crises, the financial crisis, the migration crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic – as well as tendencies towards democratic backlash in some of the countries. In this chapter, we present the coalition life cycle approach in light of the many challenges that faced the CEE countries since 2008. The Russian invasion of Ukraine on March 24, 2022, is outside of our observation period, but it is, of course, a tremendous challenge for the countries in the region and our contributors are among the first to incorporate observations on how that invasion may impact national coalition politics.
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| 8. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
Government formation and breakdown in Western and Central Eastern Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Comparative European Politics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-4790 .- 1740-388X. ; 13:3, s. 345-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we use a new data set describing governments, political parties and institutions to make an explicit comparison between Western Europe (WE) and Central Eastern Europe (CEE) in the investigation of three different topical issues found in the coalition literature, namely, coalition formation (that is, which factors affect who forms the winning coalitions), the number of cabinet members (that is, what affects the number of ministers in a cabinet) and cabinet duration (that is, which factors affect how long a new government lasts). Our findings indicate that, regardless of all the discussions about how CEE is different from WE because of the post-communist heritage or the volatility of voters in the CEE region, structural attributes such as the size and number of political parties are important determinants of coalition formation and cabinet duration patterns in both the West and the East. In fact, precisely because of the unsettled nature of CEE party politics, structural attributes tend to matter even more in the East.
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| 9. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
New patterns of coalition politics in central and eastern Europe?
- 2024. - 1
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Ingår i: Coalition politics in central eastern Europe. - London : Routledge. - 9781032355696 - 9781032357706 - 9781003328483 ; , s. 288-320
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first part of the concluding chapter discusses novelties and conceptual challenges that we have noted during our observation period (2008–2021). After this, we focus our attention on coalition politics and its political institutions, particularly regarding the different governance models. Later we discuss the consequences of the three crises identified in the introductory chapter as the main ones since 2008: the financial crisis, the migration crisis, and the Covid crisis. In the final section, we highlight whether the crisis-ridden period has meant new patterns in coalition politics and whether it has resulted in regional unity or diversity. The Russian invasion of Ukraine is now the backdrop against which national politics is played out.
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| 10. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Preface and acknowledgements
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Coalition politics in central Eastern Europe. - Abingdon; New York : Routledge. - 9781032355696 - 9781032357706 - 9781003328483 ; , s. xii-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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