| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005 : Data from the national prostate cancer register in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. Material and methods. Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. Results. In total, 72 028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of >100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score ≤6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged ≥75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. Conclusions. All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 72,028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of > 100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score <6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged > or =75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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| 3. |
- Bachinger, Angelika, et al.
(författare)
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Stiffness-modifiable composite for pedestrian protection
- 2014
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Ingår i: 16th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2014. - : European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM. - 9780000000002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel functional material allowing stiffness-reduction upon external stimulation was developed. Implementation of such technology in the design of a car front has high potential to result in increased protection of vulnerable road users (VRUs). The composite material is obtained by coating carbon fibres with a thermoplastic polymer in a continuous process, followed by infusion with an epoxy resin. The process is scalable for industrial use. The coating process was optimized regarding coating efficiency, energy consumption, risks involved for operating personnel and environment, and tailored to gain the optimal coating thickness obtained from numerical calculations. A drastic decrease in transversal stiffness could be detected for the composite material by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), when the temperature was increased above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic interphase. The ability of the material to achieve such temperature and associated reduction in stiffness by the application of current was verified using a special 3-point bending setup developed for this task.
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| 4. |
- Varenhorst, Eberhard, 1937-, et al.
(författare)
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The National Prostate Cancer Register in Sweden 1998-2002 : trends in incidence, treatment and survival
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 39:2, s. 117-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To provide a descriptive review of the establishment of the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) in Sweden, to present clinical characteristics at diagnosis and to calculate the relative survival of different risk groups after 5 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1998, data on all newly diagnosed prostate cancers, including TNM classification, grade of malignancy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and treatment, have been prospectively collected. For the 35,223 patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2002, relative survival in different risk groups has been calculated. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2002, 96% of all prostate cancer cases diagnosed in Sweden were registered in the NPCR. The number of new cases increased from 6137 in 1998 to 7385 in 2002. The age-standardized rate rose in those aged < 70 years, while it was stable, or possibly declining from 1999, in the older age groups. The proportion of T1c tumours increased from 14% to 28% of all recorded cases. The age-adjusted incidence of advanced tumours (M1 or PSA > 100 ng/ml) decreased by 17%. The proportion of patients receiving curative treatment doubled. Patients with N1 or M1 disease or poorly differentiated tumours (G3 or Gleason score 8-10) had a markedly reduced relative 5-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to establish a nationwide prostate cancer register including basic data for assessment of the disease in the whole of Sweden. The introduction of PSA screening has increased the detection of early prostate cancer in younger men and, to a lesser extent, decreased the incidence of advanced disease. The effect of these changes on mortality is obscure but the NPCR in Sweden will serve as an important tool in such evaluation.
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| 5. |
- Feugnet, G., et al.
(författare)
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Improved laser-induced fluorescence method for bio-attack early warning detection system
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) could permit fast early warning systems either for point or standoff detection if a reliable classification of warfare biological agents versus biological or non-biological fluorescing background can be achieved. In order to improve LIF discrimination capability, a new system is described in which the fluorescence pattern is enriched by the use of multiple wavelength delayed excitation while usual spectral fluorescence analysis is extended to time domain to use both aspects as criteria for classification. General considerations and guidelines for the system design are given as well as results showing good discrimination between background and simulants.
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between in situ total internal reflection vibrational spectroscopy of an adsorbed collector and spectra calculated by ab initio density functional theory methods
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 111:26, s. 9299-9304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this investigation, adsorbed heptyl xanthate on a Ge(111) surface was studied, as well as the free heptyl xanthate molecule, by means of first-principle density functional theory calculations. The modeled results were compared with the in situ total internal reflection vibrational spectroscopy spectra of heptyl xanthate adsorbed on a germanium internal reflection element and the transmission infrared spectrum of a heptyl xanthate ion in aqueous solution. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies were done for the adsorbed xanthate. The region between 1150 and 1000 cm(-1) seems suitable for discussing differences between an adsorbed xanthate and its corresponding ion. The modeled spectra for both the adsorbed xanthate and the xanthate ion are in good agreement with the experimentally retrieved spectra. This investigation shows the strength of using DFT calculations in the interpretation of absorption bands from molecules adsorbed at surfaces in situ.
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| 7. |
- Hellström, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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A theoretical and experimental study of vibrational properties of alkyl xanthates
- 2006
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 65:3-4, s. 887-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geometrical structure and vibrational modes of potassium and sodium ethyl/heptyl xanthates were studied, using both theoretical and experimental methods. Both Hartree-Fock and density functional theory were used. The experimental method used was infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). Our work showed that vibrational frequencies calculated with density functional theory, using the local density approximation, are in very good agreement with experiments. The results were not improved by using the more sophisticated and computationally demanding B3LYP functional.
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| 8. |
- Hellström, Pär
(författare)
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Ab initio modeling of xanthate adsorption on ZnS surfaces
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modeling surface adsorption requires systems of hundreds of atoms. To model such systems at an ab initio level successfully, we need to avoid traditional quantum chemical methods. In the present work we have shown that density functional theory is a powerful modeling tool for large chemical systems especially in combinations with pseudopotentials This is validated by an initial study of ethyl and heptyl xanthates and their sodium/potassium salts. In this study, all electron calculations using both Hartree-Fock and density functional theory methods are compared with experimental infrared results. To do this the influence of basis sets and modeling approaches on the geometrical structure and the vibrational modes are examined. This includes comparing the pseudopotential and full electron potential approaches. Results obtained from pseudopotential methods are in close agreement with both all electron calculations as well as experimental results, here used to study adsorption of heptyl xanthate ZnS surfaces. Vibrational frequencies of the adsorbed species is presented, together with calculations of the tilt angles. The investigation of the tilt angles resulted in 20.3° 20.6° and 25.2° for the 100, 110 and 111 surfaces respectively. Heptyl xanthate forms a bridging confirmation on both the 110 and 111 surfaces and a bidentate confirmation on the 100 surface. Assignments of vibrational modes of ethyl/heptyl xanthate molecule and its corresponding potassium/sodium salts are also reported.
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| 9. |
- Hellström, Pär
(författare)
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Ab initio modelling of xanthates adsorbed on Ge and ZnS surfaces
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The motivation for this modelling work, in close collaboration with experimentalists, is to contribute to the understanding of xanthate adsorption on ZnS surfaces in the flotation process. Adsorption of xanthates on Ge surfaces is investigated, which also have been studied experimentally in the Agricola Research Centre. Furthermore, results for dibutyldithiophosphates—which are important in the flotation process—are reported. Modelling surface adsorption requires systems including hundreds of atoms. To model such systems at an ab initio level successfully, fast and accurate methods must be used.In the present work we use density functional theory (DFT) combined with pseudopotentials, which is a powerful modelling approach for large chemical systems. The results obtained in an initial study of ethyl and heptyl xanthates and their sodium or potassium salts using all electron Hartree-Fock and DFT calculations are used to validate the pseudopotential method used for modelling adsorption of xanthates on surfaces. Both geometrical and vibrational properties, as well as computer resources needed, are examined and compared. Results obtained using DFT and pseudopotentials are in close agreement with both experimental results and all electron potential calculations, while being obtained much faster. Hence, the pseudopotential approach is chosen to study ethyl/heptyl xanthate adsorbed on Ge and ZnS surfaces. The surfaces are modelled using periodically repeated supercells containing more than one hundred atoms. The geometrical structure and vibrational frequencies are calculated and the modes are described. The results are compared with attenuated total reflection infrared observations. The influence of additional atoms at the surface in the surrounding of the adsorbed xanthate are also investigated.
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| 10. |
- Hellström, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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An ab initio study of ethyl xanthate adsorbed on Ge(111) surfaces
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 111:45, s. 16920-16926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between adsorbed ethyl xanthate on a clean Ge(111) surface and a hydroxylated surface was studied, using first-principle density functional theory. Geometrically optimized structures are presented and discussed. Results suggest a bidentate bridging conformation on a clean Ge(111) surface, whereas a monodentate bonding is preferred when the surface is saturated by hydrogen atoms. Then the interaction with a hydroxylated surface was considered. The lowest energy configuration was obtained when xanthate binds with one sulfur to the surface and with the other to an OH group adsorbed on the surface. A marker for this configuration was found in the vibrational spectra at 3200 cm-1. Vibrational frequencies down to 250 cm-1 were calculated and assigned to vibrational modes and presented together with the calculated infrared spectra. The tilt angle of the hydrocarbon chain was also investigated.
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