| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
-
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
|
|
| 5. |
- Aleksandrov, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Halo excitations in fragmentation of He-6 at 240 MeV/u on carbon and lead targets
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 669:1-2, s. 51-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissociation of a 240 MeV/u beam of He-6, incident on carbon and lead targets, has been studied in kinematically complete experiments to investigate low-lying excitation modes in the halo nucleus He-6. It is shown that alignment effects characterize the inelastic scattering and allow an unambiguous assignment of the spin of a narrow resonance observed in the excitation energy spectrum. The differential cross sections for the He-6 inelastic scattering on carbon and lead targets were deduced from the measured moments of the two neutrons and the a-particle. An analysis of these distributions shows that quadrupole and, possibly, monopole excitations characterize the hadronic interaction, while the dipole mode is dominating in Coulomb dissociation. Neither theoretically predicted new resonance states in He-6 nor nuclear excitation of a dipole mode were found. Direct evidence has been obtained for strong suppression of Coulornb post-acceleration in direct Coulomb breakup in a lead target.
|
|
| 6. |
- Aleksandrov, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Invariant mass spectrum and alpha-n correlation function studied in the fragmentation of He-6 on a carbon target
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 633:2, s. 234-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Momentum distributions and invariant mass spectra from the breakup of He-6 ions with an energy of 240 MeV/u interacting with a carbon target have been studied. The data were used to extract information about the reaction mechanism which is influenced by the structure of He-6. It is found that the dominant reaction mechanism is a two-step process: knock out of one neutron followed by the decay of the He-5 resonance. The shape of the (alpha+n) two-body invariant mass spectrum is interpreted as mainly reflecting the 5He ground state which is a J(pi) = 3/2(-) resonance. However, no evidence for correlations between cu particles and neutrons is observed in the momentum widths of the distributions. It is demonstrated that a combined analysis of the two-body invariant mass spectrum and an appropriate correlation function may be used to determine the properties of the intermediate resonance. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
|
|
| 7. |
- Chulkov, L. V., et al.
(författare)
-
Large spin alignment of the unbound He-5 fragment after fragmentation of 240 MeV/nucleon He-6
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 79:2, s. 201-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral fragmentation of a 240 MeV/nucleon beam of the halo nucleus He-6 incident on carbon target has been studied in a kinematically complete experiment. It is found that one-neutron stripping to the unbound nucleus He-5 is the dominant fragmentation mechanism and that it leads to a spin alignment of He-5 in a plane perpendicular to the He-5 momentum vector. This is expected to be a common feature for all neutron halo nuclei.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lukasik, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Discriminant analysis and secondary-beam charge recognition
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 587:2-3, s. 413-419
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discriminant-analysis method has been applied to optimize the exotic-beam charge recognition in a projectile fragmentation experiment. The experiment was carried out at the GSI using the fragment separator (FRS) to produce and select the relativistic secondary beams, and the ALADIN setup to measure their fragmentation products following collisions with Sn target nuclei. The beams of neutron poor isotopes around La-124 and Sn-107 were selected to study the isospin dependence of the limiting temperature of heavy nuclei by comparing with results for stable Sn-124 projectiles. A dedicated detector to measure the projectile charge upstream of the reaction target was not used, and alternative methods had to be developed. The presented method, based on the multivariate discriminant analysis, allowed to increase the efficacy of charge recognition up to about 90%, which was about 20% more than achieved with the simple scalar methods.
|
|
| 9. |
- Pawlowski, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Neutron recognition in the LAND detector for large neutron multiplicity
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 694, s. 47-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of the LAND neutron detector is studied. Using an event-mixing technique based on one-neutron data obtained in the S107 experiment at the GSI laboratory, we test the efficiency of various analytic tools used to determine the multiplicity and kinematic properties of detected neutrons. A new algorithm developed recently for recognizing neutron showers from spectator decays in the ALADIN experiment S254 is described in detail. Its performance is assessed in comparison with other methods. The properties of the observed neutron events are used to estimate the detection efficiency of LAND in this experiment. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Pietri, S., et al.
(författare)
-
First Results from the Stopped Beam Isomer RISING Campaign at GSI
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 38:4, s. 1255-1264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first results from a series of experiments focused on the study of the internal structure of nuclei at the extremes of N:Z ratio using isomer spectroscopy are reported. These experiments represent the first of the Stopped Beam section of the Rare Isotopes Investigations at GSI (RISING) project. Exotic nuclei were synthesized using relativistic projectile fragmentation of similar to 500 -> 1000 MeV/u beams of Ag-107, Pb-208, Xe-136 and Ni-58, or fission of 750 MeV/u U-238 provided by the SIS synchrotron at GSI. A detailed description of the RISING stopped beam set up is given, together with a report of the performance of the associated gamma-ray spectrometer array. Selected results of the first experimental campaign are presented together with a discussion on the use of isomeric spectroscopy to study GeV range nuclear fragmentation. Details on future research plans of this collaboration are also outlined.
|
|
