| 1. |
- Appelgren, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between solid copper jets and powerful electrical current pulses
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of applied mechanics. - : ASME International. - 0021-8936 .- 1528-9036. ; 78:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between a solid copper jet and an electric current pulse is studied. Copper jets that were created by a shaped-charge device were passed through an electrode configuration consisting of two aluminum plates with a separation distance of 150 mm. The electrodes were connected to a pulsed-power supply delivering a current pulse with amplitudes up to 250 kA. The current and voltages were measured, providing data on energy deposition in the jet and electrode contact region, and flash X-ray diagnostics were used to depict the jet during and after electrification. The shape of, and the velocity distributions along, the jet has been used to estimate the correlation between the jet mass flow through the electrodes and the electrical energy deposition. On average, 2.8 kJ/g was deposited in the jet and electrode region, which is sufficient to bring the jet up to the boiling point. A model based on the assumption of a homogenous current flow through the jet between the electrodes underestimates the energy deposition and the jet resistance by a factor 5 compared with the experiments, indicating a more complex current flow through the jet. The experimental results indicate the following mechanism for the enhancement of jet breakup. When electrified, the natural-formed necks in the jet are subjected to a higher current density compared with other parts of the jet. The higher current density results in a stronger heating and a stronger magnetic pinch force. Eventually, the jet material in the neck is evaporated and explodes electrically, resulting in a radial ejection of vaporized jet material.
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| 2. |
- Helte, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The role of Kelvin-Helmholz instabilities on shaped charge jet interaction with reactive armour plates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of applied mechanics. - : ASME International. - 0021-8936 .- 1528-9036. ; 77:5, s. 051805-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive armor panels have been used for many years as very efficient add-on armoragainst shaped charge warheads. The main features of the defeat mechanisms of thearmor are therefore well known. The origin of the irregular disturbances on the shapedcharge jet, which leads to the severe fragmentation and scattering of the jet, is howevernot described in literature. As this scattering of the jet provides the main protectionmechanism of the armor, it is of interest to understand the details of the interaction andthe origin of the disturbances. Some experimental observations have been made showingthat the backward moving plate often displaces the jet relatively smoothly while it is theinteraction with the forward moving plate that causes the disturbances that leads tofragmentation and scattering of the jet. In this work, a mechanism for the interaction isproposed based on the theory of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, which explains the originof the disturbances on the jet due to the interaction with the forward moving plate.Numerical simulations have been performed to show the difference in the mechanisms ofbackward and forward moving plates when interacting with the jet. The impact angle ofthe plate seems to be the dominant parameter for the onset of instabilities. A parametricstudy has also been performed on how different interaction and material parametersinfluence the development of instabilities of the interface between the jet and the armorplate. The parametric study shows that low-strength jets promote development of instabilities,a tendency that is amplified by frictional forces between the materials. Theinfluence of the plate strength is more complex due to the influence of the structuralstability on the contact forces. The effect of friction and melting of the metals in theboundary layer to the development of the instabilities is discussed. A microscopic study ofthe edge of the penetration channel has been made, which shows that the materials havebeen melted during the interaction between the plate and the jet.
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| 3. |
- Lidén, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Deformation and fracture of a long-rod projectile induced by an oblique moving plate : Numerical simulations
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Impact Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0734-743X .- 1879-3509. ; 40-41, s. 35-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulations have been performed to evaluate the possibility of reproducing the fragmentation of a long-rod projectile impacted by a moving oblique plate. When the moving plate slides along the projectile, fractures due to shear loading may occur in the projectile. Therefore, a fracture model suggested by Xue–Wierzbicki was used for the projectile together with the Johnson–Cook strength model. This fracture model is based on an equivalent plastic strain of fracture which depends on a stress triaxiality and a deviatoric stress parameter. The results of the simulations were compared with experimental results of a preceding study in which the impact conditions were varied in such a way that the projectile fractured in some but not all tests. The comparisons show that the simulations reproduced the fractures in the projectile well. Also, the transition from a deformed non-fractured to a severely fractured projectile was captured. The benefit of including the deviatoric stress parameter and the mechanisms leading to fragmentation of the projectile are discussed.
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