| 1. |
- Alvstam, Claes G., 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Strategiskt förnyelsearbete inom svensk industri
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A key challenge for an increasingly international Swedish manufacturing industry is to maintain and strengthen the capacity for renewal, especially in the face of strong and growing transformation pressures. The question is not primarily whether the international groups engaged in manufacturing in Sweden have resources and motivation to invest in renewal in general, but to what extent their renewal efforts will take place and contribute to value creation and employment growth in Sweden, and what factors affect this. In light of this problem, the purpose of the present report is to investigate to what extent the integration of Swedish industrial operations into international and global business structures affects the conditions for strategic renewal work in Sweden, and how changes in this area affect the opportunities for future value creation in industrial operations in Sweden. By strategic renewal work, in this report we mean activities and processes that, through the replacement or development of the company's resources, properties or way of functioning, have the potential to significantly affect the company's long-term competitive conditions. Examples of strategic renewal work are technical and product-oriented research and development activities of various kinds, organizational change to facilitate renewal (for example, acquisitions and mergers), or when the company is implementing a process to approach new markets. This report focuses mainly on the development of two business groups, namely medium-sized Swedish-owned companies with significant exports and foreign production and whose R&D operations are mainly located in Sweden, and partly medium-sized former Swedish-owned companies acquired by a foreign global group and where operations in Sweden account for a smaller part of the Group's global production and R&D. However, the largest Swedish-owned engineering industry companies, as well as a number of foreign-owned companies with extensive employment in Sweden, have been used as reference objects. We have concentrated on the engineering industry in the broad sense, with the emphasis placed on companies located in the middle of the processing chain, that is to say, neither the basic industry nor its main production in the category of finished consumer products. Instead, the studied companies produce complex industrial products that consist of a number of different components and systems based on different technologies, which are sold through direct contacts with customers (business-to-business). The companies studied are often leaders in their specialized market niches (many even internationally). The selection of the companies surveyed is to a large extent based on the fact that they can be presumed to be subject to significant transformational pressure as a result of rapid technological change and growing market competition. The study is based on extensive secondary data on more than 50 companies, as well as detailed information from 24 company interviews conducted during 2018-2019. The empirical study has included dimensions such as employment in Sweden / Europe / Global, with distribution in business areas; location of existing R&D units in Sweden / Europe / Global; historical growth and growth logic (organic or through acquisition); motives behind possible acquisitions; and generic descriptions of the company's strategic renewal efforts and its change. Our results show the complexity and advanced international division of labour that today's manufacturing industry in Sweden operates under. This situation is the result of a long-term development, where many of the companies over time have come to belong to the best within their market niches. The companies we examined, both Swedish and foreign-owned, are largely internationalized. The survey points to the fact that the renewal activities for the industry in Sweden are more internationalized in nature than traditional literature can lead us to believe. In the same way that Swedish companies often allow renewal activities to remain in their locations of origin when acquiring companies abroad, the same applies when foreign companies acquire companies in Sweden. The dynamics are basically no different. With increasing clarity, a picture emerges that international companies operating in Sweden carry out renewal activities both in Sweden and abroad. The report shows that there are no general differences between Swedish and foreign-owned companies in terms of strategic renewal work and the integration of Swedish industrial operations into international and global business structures so far generally has not adversely affected the conditions for renewal work in Sweden. Rather, it seems that the foreign-owned industrial companies have the opportunity to secure new extensive resources for renewal, in combination with the resources already located in Sweden, while the Swedish companies invest both in Sweden and abroad, where headquarters and more important R&D units remain located in Sweden. However, the interpretation of our results should be made in light of the fact that industrial evolution has selected an internationally competitive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry in Sweden. Labour-intensive production has essentially been phased out, and renewal with the help of new process technology and advanced products is a long way off even in the remaining "traditional" industries. Most of the companies in our study, both Swedish and foreign-owned, have also in most cases developed a leading specialization in different niches, and can thus be considered to be among the more successful in their markets. This can then partly explain the relative autonomy in the strategic renewal work that many of the companies testify to, and which is actively supported through long-term and stable ownership interests. The results of our study are relevant to Sweden's innovation and business policy, where we specifically identified four important areas. The first policy conclusion is that an overall national strategy should continue to support operations in Sweden in the more advanced parts of global value chains. The studied companies, both Swedish and foreign-owned, view Sweden favourably as a location for strategic renewal activities, both at present and in the future. Support for strengthening management operations and R&D is particularly important here, but also support for logistics, marketing and sales. This does not mean that industrial production in Sweden will not be of great importance in the future, but it will happen under new conditions. This is largely linked to the second policy conclusion, which concerns the future supply of educated labour, where several of the companies expressed some concern about the long-term availability of digitalisation skills. Considering that advanced human capital is concentrated in Sweden's three metropolitan regions, it becomes a central policy question how the human capital supply for continued strategic renewal work can also take place in peripheral and semi-peripheral locations, where many of the renewal activities today take place among the companies surveyed. The third policy conclusion is that it seems important to stimulate increased co-development of products and processes. Given rapid development of the modern manufacturing industry, where products and production methods are increasingly based on new combinations of technologies, companies' need for external collaboration is growing. However, our study shows that both the Swedish and foreign-owned companies to a small extent developed products and processes together with external partners. Policy initiatives to increase companies' opportunities to find suitable partners in Sweden may be of importance in stimulating such co-development. The fourth, and the last policy conclusion, is related to the fact that companies' strategic renewal work is to a large extent taking place both in Sweden and abroad. Swedish policy should then continue to facilitate the exchange of renewal activities across the country's borders. This applies to both resources for renewal and the results of renewal.
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| 2. |
- Alvstam, Claes G., 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Strategiskt förnyelsearbete inom svensk industri
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A key challenge for an increasingly international Swedish manufacturing industry is to maintain and strengthen the capacity for renewal, especially in the face of strong and growing transformation pressures. The question is not primarily whether the international groups engaged in manufacturing in Sweden have resources and motivation to invest in renewal in general, but to what extent their renewal efforts will take place and contribute to value creation and employment growth in Sweden, and what factors affect this. In light of this problem, the purpose of the present report is to investigate to what extent the integration of Swedish industrial operations into international and global business structures affects the conditions for strategic renewal work in Sweden, and how changes in this area affect the opportunities for future value creation in industrial operations in Sweden. By strategic renewal work, we refer to activities and processes that, through the replacement or development of the company's resources, properties or way of functioning, have the potential to significantly affect the company's long-term competitive conditions. Examples of strategic renewal work are technical and product-oriented research and development activities of various kinds, organizational change to facilitate renewal (for example, acquisitions and mergers), or when the company is implementing a process to approach new markets. This report focuses mainly on the development of two business groups, namely medium-sized Swedish-owned companies with significant exports and foreign production and whose R&D operations are mainly located in Sweden, and partly medium-sized former Swedish-owned companies acquired by a foreign global group and where operations in Sweden account for a smaller part of the Group's global production and R&D. However, the largest Swedish-owned engineering industry companies, as well as a number of foreign-owned companies with extensive employment in Sweden, have been used as reference objects. We have concentrated on the engineering industry in the broad sense, with the emphasis placed on companies located in the middle of the value chain, that is to say, neither the basic industry nor its main production in the category of finished consumer products. Instead, the studied companies produce complex industrial products that consist of a number of different components and systems based on different technologies, which are sold through direct contacts with customers (business-to-business). The companies studied are often leaders in their specialized market niches (many even globally). The selection of the companies surveyed is to a large extent based on the fact that they can be presumed to be subject to significant transformational pressure as a result of rapid technological change and growing market competition. The study is based on extensive secondary data on more than 50 companies, as well as detailed information from 24 company interviews conducted during 2018-2019. The empirical study has included dimensions such as employment in Sweden / Europe / Global, with distribution in business areas; location of existing R&D units in Sweden / Europe / Global; historical growth and growth logic (organic or through acquisition); motives behind possible acquisitions; and generic descriptions of the company's strategic renewal efforts and its change. Our results reveal the complexity and advanced international division of labour that today's manufacturing industry in Sweden operates under. This situation is the result of a long-term development, where many of the companies over time have come to belong to the top within their market niches. The companies we examined, both Swedish and foreign-owned, are largely internationalized. The survey points to the fact that the renewal activities for the industry in Sweden are more internationalized in nature than traditional literature can lead us to believe. In the same way that Swedish companies often allow renewal activities to remain in their locations of origin when acquiring companies abroad, the same applies when foreign companies acquire companies in Sweden. The dynamics are basically no different. A picture emerges that international companies operating in Sweden carry out renewal activities both in Sweden and abroad. The report shows that there are no real differences between Swedish and foreign-owned companies in terms of strategic renewal work and the integration of Swedish industrial operations into international and global business structures so far generally has not adversely affected the conditions for renewal work in Sweden. Rather, it seems that the foreign-owned industrial companies have the opportunity to secure new extensive resources for renewal, in combination with the resources already located in Sweden, while the Swedish companies invest both in Sweden and abroad, where headquarters and more important R&D units remain located in Sweden. However, the interpretation of our results should be made in light of the fact that industrial evolution has contributed to the creation of an internationally competitive and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry in Sweden. Labour-intensive production has essentially been phased out, and renewal with the help of new process technology and advanced products is a long way off even in the remaining "traditional" industries. Most of the companies in our study, both Swedish and foreign-owned, have also in most cases developed a leading specialization in different niches, and can thus be considered to be among the more successful in their markets. This fact can partly explain the relative autonomy in the strategic renewal work that many of the companies testify to, and which is actively supported through long-term and stable ownership interests. The results of our study are relevant to Sweden's innovation and business policy, where we specifically identified four important areas. The first policy conclusion is that an overall national strategy should continue to support operations in Sweden in the more advanced parts of global value chains. The studied companies, both Swedish and foreign-owned, view Sweden favourably as a location for strategic renewal activities, both at present and in the future. Support for strengthening management operations and R&D is particularly important here, but also support for logistics, marketing and sales. This does not mean that industrial production in Sweden will not be of great importance in the future, but it will operate under new conditions. This is largely linked to the second policy conclusion, which concerns the future supply of educated labour, where several of the companies expressed some concern about the long-term availability of digitalisation skills. Considering that advanced human capital is concentrated in Sweden's three metropolitan regions, it becomes a central policy question how the human capital supply for continued strategic renewal work can also take place in peripheral and semi-peripheral locations, where many of the renewal activities today take place among the companies surveyed. The third policy conclusion is that it seems important to stimulate increased co-development of products and processes. Given rapid development of the modern manufacturing industry, where products and production methods are increasingly based on new combinations of technologies, companies' need for external collaboration is growing. However, our study shows that both the Swedish and foreign-owned companies to a small extent developed products and processes together with external partners. Policy initiatives to increase companies' opportunities to find suitable partners in Sweden may be of importance in stimulating such co-development. The fourth, and the last policy conclusion, is related to the fact that companies' strategic renewal work is to a large extent taking place both in Sweden and abroad. Swedish policy should then continue to facilitate the exchange of renewal activities across the country's borders. This applies to both resources for renewal and the results of renewal.
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| 3. |
- Arroyo Vázquez, Jorge Alberto, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial colonization of the stomach and duodenum in a Swedish population with and without proton pump inhibitor treatment
- 2020
-
Ingår i: JGH Open. - : Wiley. - 2397-9070. ; 4:3, s. 405-409
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim Microbial contamination of the abdominal cavity is a serious concern during transgastric endoscopic interventions and perforations, particularly in patients who have inhibited gastric acid secretion due to treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the gastric and duodenal bacterial flora in patients with and without PPI treatment. Methods Patients referred for gastroscopy, without recent antibiotic treatment, were eligible for inclusion. Use of PPIs was recorded. Samples for bacterial culturing were obtained from the antrum of the stomach and from the duodenal bulb through a gastroscope. Positive cultures were examined for bacterial types and subtypes. Biopsies were taken in the antrum for urease test to detect Helicobacter pylori. Results Bacterial cultures from the stomach were obtained from 103 patients, and duodenal samples were also cultured from 49 of them, for a total of 53 patients with PPI use and 50 patients without. Positive gastric cultures were found in 42 of 53 patients with PPI use and in 13 of 50 without (P < 0.0001). Duodenal cultures were positive in 20 of 24 with PPI and 8 of 25 without (P < 0.0001). The most commonly identified bacterial species were oral strains of Streptococcus, followed by Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae. Of 103 patients, 10 had a positive urease test, indicating H. pylori infection, 1 with PPI and 9 without. Conclusions Bacterial growth in the stomach and duodenum is more common in patients with PPI treatment. The dominating bacterial species found in the stomach and duodenum originates from the oropharynx. Clinical trials registry: Trial registration number 98041 in Researchweb (FoU in Sweden).
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| 4. |
- Bergmann, Berglind, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibiotics with Interleukin-15 inhibition reduces joint inflammation and bone erosions but not cartilage destruction in Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - 1098-5522. ; 86:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis causes rapid joint destruction, often leading to disabling joint damage despite antibiotics. We have previously shown that IL-15 inhibition without antibiotics is beneficial in S. aureus-induced arthritis. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of IL-15, in combination with antibiotics, might represent a useful therapy that would both reduce inflammation and joint destruction, but preserve the host's ability to clear the infection.Methods: Female wildtype C57BL/6 mice were intravenously inoculated with the TSST-1-producing LS-1 strain of S. aureus with 0.8x108S. aureus LS-1/mouse. Three days later the treatment was started consisting of cloxacillin followed by flucloxacillin, together with either anti-IL-15 antibodies (aIL-15ab) or control antibodies. Outcomes included survival, weight change, bacterial clearance, and joint damage.Results: The addition of aIL-15ab to antibiotics in S. aureus-induced arthritis reduced synovitis and bone erosions compared to controls. The number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the joints was reduced, whereas cartilage destruction was not significantly altered. Importantly, the combination therapy did not adversely affect the clinical outcome of S. aureus-induced arthritis, such as survival, weight change or compromise the host's ability to clear the infection.Conclusions: As the clinical outcome of S. aureus-induced arthritis was not affected, the addition of aIL-15ab to antibiotics ought to be safe. Taken together, the combination of aIL-15ab and antibiotics is a beneficial, but not optimal, treatment of S. aureus-induced arthritis as it reduces synovitis and bone erosions but has a limited effect on cartilage destruction.
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| 5. |
- Bouchet, P., et al.
(författare)
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JWST MIRI Imager Observations of Supernova SN 1987A
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 965:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There exist very few mid-infrared (IR) observations of supernovae (SNe) in general. Therefore, SN 1987A, the closest visible SN in 400 yr, gives us the opportunity to explore the mid-IR properties of SNe, the dust in their ejecta, and the surrounding medium and to witness the birth of an SN remnant (SNR). The James Webb Space Telescope, with its high spatial resolution and extreme sensitivity, gives a new view on these issues. We report on the first imaging observations obtained with the Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI). We build temperature maps and discuss the morphology of the nascent SNR. Our results show that the temperatures in the equatorial ring (ER) are quite nonuniform. This could be due to dust destruction in some parts of the ring, as had been assumed in some previous works. We show that the IR emission extends beyond the ER, illustrating the fact that the shock wave has now passed through this ring to affect the circumstellar medium on a larger scale. Finally, while submillimeter Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations have hinted at the location of the compact remnant of SN 1987A, we note that our MIRI data have found no such evidence.
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| 6. |
- Brommage, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
NOTUM inhibition increases endocortical bone formation and bone strength
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bone Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-4700 .- 2095-6231. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The disability, mortality and costs caused by non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures are enormous. Existing osteoporosis therapies are highly effective at reducing vertebral but not non-vertebral fractures. Cortical bone is a major determinant of non-vertebral bone strength. To identify novel osteoporosis drug targets, we phenotyped cortical bone of 3 366 viable mouse strains with global knockouts of druggable genes. Cortical bone thickness was substantially elevated in Notum(-/-) mice. NOTUM is a secreted WNT lipase and we observed high NOTUM expression in cortical bone and osteoblasts but not osteoclasts. Three orally active small molecules and a neutralizing antibody inhibiting NOTUM lipase activity were developed. They increased cortical bone thickness and strength at multiple skeletal sites in both gonadal intact and ovariectomized rodents by stimulating endocortical bone formation. Thus, inhibition of NOTUM activity is a potential novel anabolic therapy for strengthening cortical bone and preventing non-vertebral fractures.
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| 7. |
- Farman, Helen H., 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Membrane estrogen receptor alpha is essential for estrogen signaling in the male skeleton
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 239:3, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) for the regulation of bone mass in males is well established. ERa mediates estrogenic effects both via nuclear and membraneinitiated ER alpha (mER alpha) signaling. The role of mERa signaling for the effects of estrogen on bone in male mice is unknown. To investigate the role of mERa signaling, we have used mice (Nuclear-Only-ER; NOER) with a point mutation (C451A), which results in inhibited trafficking of ER alpha to the plasma membrane. Gonadal-intact male NOER mice had a significantly decreased total body areal bone mineral density (aBMD) compared to WT littermates at 3, 6 and 9 months of age as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). High-resolution microcomputed tomography (mu CT) analysis of tibia in 3-month-old males demonstrated a decrease in cortical and trabecular thickness in NOER mice compared to WT littermates. As expected, estradiol (E2) treatment of orchidectomized (ORX) WT mice increased total body aBMD, trabecular BV/TV and cortical thickness in tibia compared to placebo treatment. E2 treatment increased these skeletal parameters also in ORX NOER mice. However, the estrogenic responses were significantly decreased in ORX NOER mice compared with ORX WT mice. In conclusion, mER alpha is essential for normal estrogen signaling in both trabecular and cortical bone in male mice. Increased knowledge of estrogen signaling mechanisms in the regulation of the male skeleton may aid in the development of new treatment options for male osteoporosis.
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| 8. |
- Fransson, Claes, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 383:6685, s. 898-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nearby Supernova 1987A was accompanied by a burst of neutrino emission, which indicates that a compact object (a neutron star or black hole) was formed in the explosion. There has been no direct observation of this compact object. In this work, we observe the supernova remnant with JWST spectroscopy, finding narrow infrared emission lines of argon and sulfur. The line emission is spatially unresolved and blueshifted in velocity relative to the supernova rest frame. We interpret the lines as gas illuminated by a source of ionizing photons located close to the center of the expanding ejecta. Photoionization models show that the line ratios are consistent with ionization by a cooling neutron star or a pulsar wind nebula. The velocity shift could be evidence for a neutron star natal kick.
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| 9. |
- Funck-Brentano, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Porcupine inhibitors impair trabecular and cortical bone mass and strength in mice
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 238:1, s. 13-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WNT signaling is involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancers and regulates bone homeostasis. Palmitoleoylation of WNTs by Porcupine is required for WNT activity. Porcupine inhibitors are under development for cancer therapy. As the possible side effects of Porcupine inhibitors on bone health are unknown, we determined their effects on bone mass and strength. Twelve-week-old C57BL/6N female mice were treated by the Porcupine inhibitors LGK974 (low dose = 3 mg/kg/day; high dose = 6 mg/kg/day) or Wnt-C59 (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Bone parameters were assessed by serum biomarkers, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, mu CT and histomorphometry. Bone strength was measured by the 3-point bending test. The Porcupine inhibitors were well tolerated demonstrated by normal body weight. Both doses of LGK974 and Wnt-C59 reduced total body bone mineral density compared with vehicle treatment (P < 0.001). Cortical thickness of the femur shaft (P < 0.001) and trabecular bone volume fraction in the vertebral body (P < 0.001) were reduced by treatment with LGK974 or Wnt-C59. Porcupine inhibition reduced bone strength in the tibia (P < 0.05). The cortical bone loss was the result of impaired periosteal bone formation and increased endocortical bone resorption and the trabecular bone loss was caused by reduced trabecular bone formation and increased bone resorption. Porcupine inhibitors exert deleterious effects on bone mass and strength caused by a combination of reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. We suggest that cancer targeted therapies using Porcupine inhibitors may increase the risk of fractures.
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| 10. |
- Furberg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:5, s. 134-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consistent but indirect evidence has implicated genetic factors in smoking behavior1,2. We report meta-analyses of several smoking phenotypes within cohorts of the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium (n = 74,053). We also partnered with the European Network of Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) and Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline (Ox-GSK) consortia to follow up the 15 most significant regions (n > 140,000). We identified three loci associated with number of cigarettes smoked per day. The strongest association was a synonymous 15q25 SNP in the nicotinic receptor gene CHRNA3 (rs1051730[A], b = 1.03, standard error (s.e.) = 0.053, beta = 2.8 x 10(-73)). Two 10q25 SNPs (rs1329650[G], b = 0.367, s. e. = 0.059, beta = 5.7 x 10(-10); and rs1028936[A], b = 0.446, s. e. = 0.074, beta = 1.3 x 10(-9)) and one 9q13 SNP in EGLN2 (rs3733829[G], b = 0.333, s. e. = 0.058, P = 1.0 x 10(-8)) also exceeded genome-wide significance for cigarettes per day. For smoking initiation, eight SNPs exceeded genome-wide significance, with the strongest association at a nonsynonymous SNP in BDNF on chromosome 11 (rs6265[C], odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.04-1.08, P = 1.8 x 10(-8)). One SNP located near DBH on chromosome 9 (rs3025343[G], OR = 1.12, 95% Cl 1.08-1.18, P = 3.6 x 10(-8)) was significantly associated with smoking cessation.
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