| 1. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Fiscal Federalism, Interjurisdictional Externalities and Overlapping Policies
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we analyze the effects of the interaction between national and local policies designed to reduce an environmental externality that causes environmental damages both nationally and locally. We formulate a theoretical model to develop hypotheses regarding the combined effects of such policies on the stringency of the local policies and on firms’ emissions reductions. To test our hypotheses, we use actual data for Sweden, where emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion plants are subject to a heavy national tax and to individual emissions standards set by county authorities. Our analytical findings suggest that it is unlikely that local regulators will impose emissions standards stringent enough to achieve further reductions than those induced by the national tax. This is confirmed in our data, where most emissions reductions can be attributed to the national tax and the effects of the emissions standards are not significant.
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| 2. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Interjurisdictional externalities, overlapping policies and NOx pollution control in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0095-0696 .- 1096-0449. ; 107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we analyze the effects of the interaction between national and local policies designed to reduce an environmental externality that causes environmental damages both nationally and locally.We formulate a theoretical model to develop hypotheses regarding the combined effects of such policies on the stringency of the local policies and on firms’ emissions reductions. To test our hypotheses, we use actual data for Sweden, where emissions of nitrogen oxides from combustion boilers are subject to a heavy national tax and most are also subject to individual emissions standards set by county authorities. Our analytical findings suggest that the national tax has brought along stricter emission standards. This is confirmed in our data, where emission standards are significantly more stringent when combined with the national tax.
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| 3. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Taxes, Permits and Costly Policy Response to Technological Change
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we analyze the e ects of the choice of price (taxes) versus quantity (tradable permits) instruments on the policy response to technological change. We show that if policy responses incur transactional and political adjustment costs, environmental targets are less likely to be adjusted under tradable per- mits than under emission taxes. This implies that the total level of abatement over time might remain unchanged under tradable permits while it will increase under emission taxes.
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| 4. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Taxes, permits and costly policy response to technological change
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-847X .- 1867-383X. ; 14:1, s. 35-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we analyze the effects of the choice of price (taxes) versus quantity (tradable permits) instruments on the policy response to technological change. We show that if policy responses incur transactional and political adjustment costs, environmental targets are less likely to be adjusted under tradable permits than under emission taxes. This implies that the total level of abatement over time might remain unchanged under tradable permits while it will increase under emission taxes.
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| 5. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The progress of GHG markets : opportunities and risks
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The climate negotiations at the COP15 in December 2009 did not produce a new international treaty with binding emissions commitments but the Copenhagen Accord for dealing with post-2012 climate change. Given the current climate negotiation process it is unlikely that we will see a global climate agreement soon on a global cap between all Convention members participating in a single carbon market. We may be more likely to see a stepwise process moving towards this scenario, most likely involving linkages between different national policy programs when it comes to mitigation as well as offsetting emissions. In such a process countries will offer commitments based on their domestic abilities, preferences and policies, norms and institutions. National and sub-national policies are thus likely to be the de-facto building blocks of nations' abilities to make and fulfill international commitments. However, also with multilateral mitigation programs without binding commitments, carbon markets will be needed as well as international authorities that support measurement, reporting and verification rules and the international registries. Such markets will necessarily be complicated and temporary in a world without an overarching binding agreement. There will be numerous tradeoffs between different kinds of second-best arrangements. The purpose of this report is to build knowledge about the effects of the development of regional and international carbon markets and the auxiliary technology agreements that might be needed. Among the topics we address are: the evolution and integration of carbon markets, the impacts of policy and technology cost uncertainty on the cost of meeting targets through a carbon market mechanism, the effect of banking, price floors and ceilings, institutional constraints and technological change in the further development of carbon markets and their links to other environmental policy instruments, and the potential of REDD-plus to encourage sustainable forest development and climate mitigation.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Elander, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Impact assessment of policies promoting fiber-to-fiber recycling of textiles
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As part of the Mistra Future Fashion Research Program, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) and PlanMiljø have investigated policy options promoting (fiber-to-fiber) recycling of textile waste. The ambition was to contribute to and broaden the discussion regarding potential policy measures in the textile field as well as potential elements that can be included in such policies.Ten policy measures promoting fiber-to-fiber recycling of textiles, contributing to circular flows of textile waste, were identified and described. Two policy measures were selected for impact assessment: mandatory extended producer responsibility (EPR) and refunded virgin payments (RVP). The policy evaluation was carried out as an ex-ante assessment with regard to eight policy goals. Stakeholder views on the identified and assessed policy measures were collected in a policy workshop and via an online questionnaire. There is a potential to broaden the scope of policy measures promoting fiber-to-fiber recycling of textiles compared to the policy recommendations made by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). New policy measures in the textile field should embrace potentials to generate upstream improvements and increasing the demand for recycled textile fibers.Although the Swedish EPA suggests a mandatory EPR for textiles as one of two alternative policy options for handling of textile waste, the proposal focuses almost exclusively on downstream improvements. The mandatory EPR assessed in this report includes additional elements, embracing also the potential of an EPR system to generate upstream improvements. Economic instruments have shown to be successful measures to reduce environmental externalities. The RVP system assessed in this report adds a new perspective on potential ways and means to promote recycling of textiles complementing the investigation on how public bodies can contribute to more reuse and recycling of textiles by green public procurement suggested by the Swedish EPA.Both a mandatory EPR and a RVP system have potentials to have large positive impacts on fiber-to-fiber recycling as well as overall recycling of textiles. A mandatory EPR system has the same or larger positive impacts on all eight policy goals defined in this report compared to a RVP system. A mandatory EPR system embodies the potential to integrate a range (combination) of complementing policy measures whereas an RVP system should be complemented by additional policy measures.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ewald, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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An ex post evaluation of the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
- 2018
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Ingår i: 37th International Energy Workshop.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An empirical study of energy use in the residential sector of the five biggest EU countries by population (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK) and Sweden from 1990 to 2015 has been carried out to determine the impact that efficiency policies have had. Preliminary results have isolated the effects of (i) energy efficiency focused building codes and (ii) general efficiency policies, and have found that both have had a significant impact on reducing energy demand. A model has been created that will allow further exploration of policies specifically related to the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
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