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- Bingerud, Mattias, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Tracks: Impactful Reform for Flexible Adaptable Education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transforming Engineering Education 2023. - 2446-3833. - 9788775730230 ; , s. 23-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this contribution we discuss the progress and achievements of the first three and half years of the Tracks initiative for reformed education at Chalmers University of Technology. In Tracks, the education is designed to give students opportunities to develop inter-disciplinary competencies and to follow individualized study tracks. The purpose of Tracks is also that Chalmers, in collaboration with strategic external partners, shorten the lead times for changing the education to embrace new technologies, emerging materials and concepts and to offer a meeting place for education, research, industry, and society. Three and a half years into the initiative, we conclude that the initial intentions have been achieved. In addition, the project brought unexpected positive effects in, e.g., terms of opportunities for newly recruited faculty and collaboration with sports associations and athletes.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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ApoLänk decreases patient medication discrepancies at discharge: initial experience from a Swedish bedside pharmacy service
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy: Science and Practice. - : BMJ. - 2047-9964 .- 2047-9956. ; 20:1, s. 54-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop a working model so that dispensing pharmacists, patients and medical staff can work together to identify, solve and prevent problems associated with discharge prescriptions. Method: A routine was developed for communication between pharmacists, patients and medical staff and for dispensing drugs at the bedside. Hospital medication lists and prescriptions from the pharmacy and healthcare databases were simultaneously assessed. The study was carried out in two neurological wards in a Swedish university hospital. Results: Major shortcomings were identified in the coordination of pharmacy and healthcare records and in patients’ ability to take responsibility for their medication at discharge. Discussion between patients and staff allowed discrepancies in communication and documentation to be corrected. Cooperation between pharmacists and nurses was perceived as being very positive and important. Conclusions: The Apolänk service was appreciated by nurses, is almost cost neutral and reduces discrepancies that have the potential to cause patient harm.
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| 3. |
- Forslund, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Domain tree-based analysis of protein architecture evolution
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 25:2, s. 254-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the dynamics behind domain architecture evolution is of great importance to unravel the functions of proteins. Complex architectures have been created throughout evolution by rearrangement and duplication events. An interesting question is how many times a particular architecture has been created, a form of convergent evolution or domain architecture reinvention. Previous studies have approached this issue by comparing architectures found in different species. We wanted to achieve a finer-grained analysis by reconstructing protein architectures on complete domain trees. The prevalence of domain architecture reinvention in 96 genomes was investigated with a novel domain tree-based method that uses maximum parsimony for inferring ancestral protein architectures. Domain architectures were taken from Pfam. To ensure robustness, we applied the method to bootstrap trees and only considered results with strong statistical support. We detected multiple origins for 12.4% of the scored architectures. In a much smaller data set, the subset of completely domain-assigned proteins, the figure was 5.6%. These results indicate that domain architecture reinvention is a much more common phenomenon than previously thought. We also determined which domains are most frequent in multiply created architectures and assessed whether specific functions could be attributed to them. However, no strong functional bias was found in architectures with multiple origins.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Henricson, Anna
(författare)
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Analyses of protein evolution, function, and architecture
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Proteins can evolve over time in many different ways. An ancestral protein sequence inherited in different species will gradually undergo changes in primary sequence and sometimes in domain architecture. Some of these changes will affect its function, and evolutionary analyses can be used to predict function shift. A common paradigm is that orthologs, i.e. genes in different species that derive from the same gene in the last common ancestor, are functional counterparts. Orthology is a special case of the more general concept homology, which means any form of shared ancestry. This thesis investigates the functional conservation of orthologs compared to non-orthologs, and further explores gene and protein domain architectural changes during evolution. A set of 17 proteins were selected between human and the nematode C. elegans such that they were predicted to be orthologous, membrane-spanning, and did not have a known function. By experimental studies in the nematode, functional clues were obtained for 12 of them that thus have high relevance for the human orthologs. Several of the genes were expressed in the nervous system. One of them was a presenilin-like protein, which was subjected to further bioinformatic analysis, including prediction of its transmembrane topology. Mutations in presenilin are known to cause Alzheimer's disease, the main type of dementia in humans. Resolving the molecular structure of presenilin has not been possible yet because it is a transmembrane protein. Instead, many attempts to elucidate the transmembrane topology biochemically have been made, but the results were often contradictory. We therefore approached the problem by reconciling the output from several transmembrane topology predictors and previously published experimental studies. This allowed us to propose a novel nine-transmembrane topology with the C-terminus located in the extracytosolic space, which has subsequently been verified by several other researchers. To study the evolution of protein domain architecture we developed a new algorithm based on the maximum parsimony criterion to infer ancestral architectures. We analyzed 96 species across all kingdoms to find cases where a domain architecture had been created multiple times independently. In contrast to previous studies we found that such events are relatively frequent, up to 12.4%. Among the architectures displaying reinvention we could find no strong functional bias, implying that it is a widespread phenomenon. In this thesis, the focus is on evolutionary analysis and applying it when investigating various aspects of protein function and architecture. Incorporating new discriminating features is important to further enhance the accuracy of phylogenetic inference. To this end, we investigated conservation of intron positions among orthologs versus nonorthologs that are equally similar in sequence. We found that ortholog-ortholog gene pairs on average have a significantly higher degree of intron position conservation compared to ortholog-closest non-orthologs. This implies that shared intron positions could be used as an additional discriminating feature in evolutionary analysis.
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| 7. |
- Henricson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Orthology confers intron position conservation
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 11:412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: With the wealth of genomic data available it has become increasingly important to assign putative protein function through functional transfer between orthologs. Therefore, correct elucidation of the evolutionary relationships among genes is a critical task, and attempts should be made to further improve the phylogenetic inference by adding relevant discriminating features. It has been shown that introns can maintain their position over long evolutionary timescales. For this reason, it could be possible to use conservation of intron positions as a discriminating factor when assigning orthology. Therefore, we wanted to investigate whether orthologs have a higher degree of intron position conservation (IPC) compared to non-orthologous sequences that are equally similar in sequence. Results: To this end, we developed a new score for IPC and applied it to ortholog groups between human and six other species. For comparison, we also gathered the closest non-orthologs, meaning sequences close in sequence space, yet falling just outside the ortholog cluster. We found that ortholog-ortholog gene pairs on average have a significantly higher degree of IPC compared to ortholog-closest non-ortholog pairs. Also pairs of inparalogs were found to have a higher IPC score than inparalog-closest non-inparalog pairs. We verified that these differences can not simply be attributed to the generally higher sequence identity of the ortholog-ortholog and the inparalog-inparalog pairs. Furthermore, we analyzed the agreement between IPC score and the ortholog score assigned by the InParanoid algorithm, and found that it was consistently high for all species comparisons. In a minority of cases, the IPC and InParanoid score ranked inparalogs differently. These represent cases where sequence and intron position divergence are discordant. We further analyzed the discordant clusters to identify any possible preference for protein functions by looking for enriched GO terms and Pfam protein domains. They were enriched for functions important for multicellularity, which implies a connection between shifts in intronic structure and the origin of multicellularity. Conclusions: We conclude that orthologous genes tend to have more conserved intron positions compared to non-orthologous genes. As a consequence, our IPC score is useful as an additional discriminating factor when assigning orthology.
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| 8. |
- Henricson, Maria, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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A transition from nurse to touch therapist : a study of preparation before giving tactile touch in an Intensive Crae Unit.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 22:4, s. 239-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tactile touch is a complementary therapy that is rarely undertaken in intensive care units (ICUs) in Sweden. This study was a part of a larger project that examines whether tactile touch can relieve the suffering of patients in the ICU. The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ lived experience of preparation before giving tactile touch in an ICU. Four assistant nurses and one registered nurse, each with diplomas in tactile touch working at three different ICUs in Sweden, participated in the study. A phenomenological approach was chosen to achieve experience-based and person-centred descriptions. Data were collected through interviews and analysed following Giorgi's method. The main finding was that before providing tactile touch, the nurses needed to add the new role as touch therapists, to their professional one. The essential aspect being the transition from nurse to touch therapist. Findings included a general structure, with four constituents; a sense of inner balance, an unconditional respect for the patients’ integrity, a relationship with the patient characterised by reciprocal trust, and a supportive environment. Furthermore, the study underlines the difficulties to integrate a complementary caring act, such as tactile touch, in a highly technological environment.
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