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- Bachelet, Delphine, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of Anti-Drug Antibodies against Interferon-Beta and Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis : A Collaborative Cohort Analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunogenicity of biopharmaceutical products in multiple sclerosis is a frequent side effect which has a multifactorial etiology. Here we study associations between anti-drug antibody (ADA) occurrence and demographic and clinical factors. Retrospective data from routine ADA test laboratories in Sweden, Denmark, Austria and Germany (Dusseldorf group) and from one research study in Germany (Munich group) were gathered to build a collaborative multi-cohort dataset within the framework of the ABIRISK project. A subset of 5638 interferon-beta (IFN beta)-treated and 3440 natalizumab-treated patients having data on at least the first two years of treatment were eligible for interval-censored time-to-event analysis. In multivariate Cox regression, IFN beta-1a subcutaneous and IFN beta-1b subcutaneous treated patients were at higher risk of ADA occurrence compared to IFN beta-1a intramuscular-treated patients (pooled HR = 6.4, 95% CI 4.9-8.4 and pooled HR = 8.7, 95% CI 6.6-11.4 respectively). Patients older than 50 years at start of IFN beta therapy developed ADA more frequently than adult patients younger than 30 (pooled HR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Men developed ADA more frequently than women (pooled HR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6). Interestingly we observed that in Sweden and Germany, patients who started IFN beta in April were at higher risk of developing ADA (HR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4 and HR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-3.9 respectively). This result is not confirmed in the other cohorts and warrants further investigations. Concerning natalizumab, patients older than 45 years had a higher ADA rate (pooled HR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8) and women developed ADA more frequently than men (pooled HR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0). We confirmed previously reported differences in immunogenicity of the different types of IFN beta. Differences in ADA occurrence by sex and age are reported here for the first time. These findings should be further investigated taking into account other exposures and biomarkers.
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- Henriksen, Mads Gram, et al.
(författare)
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Methods of data collection in psychopathology : the role of semi-structured, phenomenological interviews
- 2021
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Ingår i: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. - : Springer. - 1568-7759 .- 1572-8676. ; 21, s. 9-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in psychopathology is booming in an unprecedented way, at least, in terms of increasing number of publications. Yet, a few questions arise: Does quantity also give us quality? Are the collected data generally of sound quality? How are data typically collected in psychopathology? Are the applied methods of data collection appropriate for this particular field of study? This article explores three different methods of data collection in psychopathology, namely self-rating scales, structured interviews, and semi-structured, phenomenological interviews. To identify the most adequate methodological approach, we first establish the nature of the object of psychopathology and then we critically assess each method’s appropriateness to this field of study. We emphasize fundamental issues that make self-rating scales and structured interviews unfit for the task of adequately examining psychopathology. By contrast, we propose that a semi-structured, phenomenological interview presents a more appropriate method. Finally, we describe two types of semi-structured, phenomenological interviews that can be applied to assess and explore psychopathology, respectively.
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- Molstrom, Ida Marie, et al.
(författare)
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The prognosis of schizophrenia : A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression of 20-year follow-up studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-9964. ; 250, s. 152-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to examine the general outcome of schizophrenia after 20 years or more. Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression on long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia up until April 21, 2021. We included prospective studies with at least 20 years of follow-up on patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and the studies had to include face-to-face clinical evaluation. We examined outcome in three nested groups: ‘recovery’, ‘good or better’ (including also ‘recovery’), and ‘moderate or better’ (including also ‘recovery’ and ‘good or better’). We used random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression to examine mean estimates and possible moderators. Results: We identified 1089 records, which were screened by two independent researchers. 14 prospective studies (1991 patients) published between 1978 and 2020 were found eligible. The studies used a range of different scales and definitions for outcome, and some used the same definitions for different outcomes. To compare outcome across studies, we designed and applied a unified template for outcome definitions and cutoffs, based on earlier studies' recommendations. Our meta-analysis found that 24.2 % had ‘recovered’ (n = 246, CI: 20.3–28.0 %), 35.5 % had a ‘good or better’ outcome (n = 766, CI: 26.0–45.0%), and 59.7% had ‘moderate or better’ outcome (n = 1139, CI: 49.3–70.1 %). Conclusions: The results contribute to debunk the myth that schizophrenia inevitably has a deteriorating course. Recovery is certainly possible. Schizophrenia remains, however, a severe and complex mental disorder, exhibiting a limited change in prognosis despite >100 years of research and efforts to improve treatment.
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- Nordgaard, Julie, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between Self-Disorders and First-Rank Symptoms : An Empirical Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychopathology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0254-4962 .- 1423-033X. ; 53:2, s. 103-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The diagnostic weight of the first-rank symptoms was deemphasized in DSM-5 and a similar change is expected in ICD-11. This change was motivated by a lack of solid, empirical evidence of the diagnostic significance of first-rank symptoms for schizophrenia. Yet, it seems that Schneider's original concept of first-rank symptoms was overly simplified when it was introduced in DSM-III. Specifically, it was overlooked that first-rank symptoms, in Schneider's understanding, fundamentally involve a disorder of the self. The aim here is to empirically test Schneider's claim that first-rank symptoms involve self-disorders. METHODS: In a modified, cross-sectional study of 98 first-admission patients, the relation between lifetime presence of first-rank symptoms and self-disorders was examined. Self-disorders were examined with the EASE (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experiences). RESULTS: We found an odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI 1.10-2.21) for having first-rank symptoms for each 5-point increase in the EASE (measuring self-disorder) using a generalized linear mixed model regression. We did not find first-rank symptoms in the absence of self-disorders. CONCLUSION: The close relation between first-rank symptoms and self-disorders seems to support Schneider's original concept of first-rank symptoms. We suggest that first-rank symptoms occurring without the pervasively altered self-experiences might not be different from other psychotic phenomena in terms of their diagnostic significance. Awareness of self-disorders can help clinicians in assessing and detecting first-rank symptoms.
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