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- Almemark, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Aktiva badhus
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet syftar till att ta fram ett underlag som kan ligga till grund för de val man gör som anläggningsägare då en simhall med all kringutrustning skall utformas och byggas, i syfte att såväl byggnation som drift av badhusen ska genomföras på ett så miljö- och hälsomässigt samt ekonomiskt hållbart sätt som möjligt. De aspekter som behandlas är energianvändning, vattenrening, ventilation och innemiljö, driftsoptimering genom simulering av driften med en simuleringsmodell som har tagits fram inom ramen för projektet samt städmetoder. Den övervägande delen av befintliga badhus är utrustade med reningsanläggningar bestående av sandfilter med flockningssteg. I stort sett alla badhus använder klor för att desinficera badvattnet. I och med att problemen med bildning av desinfektionsbiprodukter uppmärksammats i en allt större utsträckning på senare tid så har kompletterande reningssteg tillförts. Membranfiltrering för rening av badvatten har länge varit en allt för energikrävande teknik och därför inte setts som ett gångbart alternativ till sandfilter. Det finns dock en potential för att använda membranteknik i större utsträckning framöver då tekniken utvecklats och idag inte är lika energikrävande som förr. Rent teoretiskt så är energibehovet för membranfiltrering i samma storleksordning som för sandfilter. De badhus som studerats i detta projekt har använt klor för att desinficera bassängvattnet. Inom ramen för projektet har energianvändningen i tre badhus kartlagts, och förslag till energieffektiviseringsåtgärder har tagits fram. Resultatet visar att det är möjligt effektivisera energianvändningen i badhus med i storleksordningen 70 procent jämfört med dagens nivåer, vilket avsevärt förbättrar såväl miljöprestanda som den ekonomiska bärkraften för anläggningarna.
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- Andaloussi, Mounir, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Crystallographic Studies of alpha-Aryl Substituted Fosmidomycin Analogues as Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 54:14, s. 4964-4976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The natural antibiotic fosmidomycin acts via inhibition of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), an essential enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Fosmidomycin is active on Mycobacterium tuberculosis DXR (MtDXR), but it lacks antibacterial activity probably because of poor uptake. alpha-Aryl substituted fosmidomycin analogues have more favorable physicochemical properties and are also more active in inhibiting malaria parasite growth. We have solved crystal structures of MtDXR in complex with 3,4-dichlorophenyl substituted fosmidomycin analogues; these show important differences compared to our previously described forsmidomycin-DXR complex. Our best inhibitor has an IC(50) = 0.15 mu M on MtDXR but still lacked activity in a mycobacterial growth assay (MIC > 32 mu g/mL). The combined results, however, provide insights into how DXR accommodates the new inhibitors and serve as an excellent starting point for the design of other novel and more potent inhibitors, particularly against pathogens where uptake is less of a problem, such as the malaria parasite.
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- Andersson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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In situ rolling circle amplification detection of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) complementary and viral RNA
- 2012
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Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier. - 0042-6822 .- 1096-0341. ; 426:2, s. 87-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a human pathogen that causes a severe disease with high fatality rate for which there is currently no specific treatment. Knowledge regarding its replication cycle is also highly limited. In this study we developed an in situ technique for studying the different stages during the replication of CCHFV. By integrating reverse transcription, padlock probes, and rolling circle amplification, we were able to detect and differentiate between viral RNA (vRNA) and complementary RNA (cRNA) molecules, and to detect viral protein within the same cell. These data demonstrate that CCHFV nucleocapsid protein (NP) is detectable already at 6 hours post infection in vRNA- and cRNA-positive cells. Confocal microscopy showed that cRNA is enriched and co-localized to a large extent with NP in the perinuclear area, while vRNA has a more random distribution in the cytoplasm with only some co-localize with NP. However, vRNA and cRNA did not appear to co-localize directly.
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- Angele, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Flow Mixing Inside a Control-Rod Guide Tube : Part 2—Experimental Tests and CFD-Simulations
- 2010
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. - 9780791849323 ; , s. 655-663
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alarge number of control rod cracks were detected during therefuelling outage of the twin reactors Oskarshamn 3 and Forsmark3 in the fall of 2008. The extensive damage investigationfinally lead to the restart of both reactors at theend of 2008 under the condition that further studies wouldbe conducted in order to clarify all remaining matters. Also,all control rods were inserted 14% in order to locatethe welding region of the control rod stem away fromthe thermal mixing region of the flow. Unfortunately, this measureled to new cracks a few months later due toa combination of surface finish of the new stems andthe changed flow conditions after the partial insertion of thecontrol rods. The experimental evidence reported here shows an increasein the extension of the mixing region and in theintensity of the thermal fluctuations. As a part of thecomplementary work associated with the restart of the reactors, andto verify the CFD simulations, experimental work of the flowin the annular region formed by the guide tube andcontrol rod stem was carried out. Two full-scale setups weredeveloped, one in a Plexiglass model at atmospheric conditions (inorder to be able to visualize the mixing process) andone in a steel model to allow for a highertemperature difference and heating of the control rod guide tube.The experimental results corroborate the general information obtained through CFDsimulations, namely that the mixing region between the cold crud-removalflow and warm by-pass flow is perturbed by flow structurescoming from above. The process is characterized by low frequent,high amplitude temperature fluctuations. The process is basically hydrodynamic, causedby the downward transport of flow structures originated at theupper bypass inlets. The damping thermal effects through buoyancy isof secondary importance, as also the scaling analysis shows, howevera slight damping of the temperature fluctuations can be seendue to natural convection due to a pre-heating of thecold crud-removal flow. The comparison between numerical and experimental resultsshows a rather good agreement, indicating that experiments with plantconditions are not necessary since, through the existing scaling lawsand CFD-calculations, the obtained results may be extrapolated to plantconditions. The problem of conjugate heat transfer has not yetbeen addressed experimentally since complex and difficult measurements of theheat transfer have to be carried out. This type ofmeasurements constitutes one of the main challenges to be dealtwith in the future work.
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- Antonsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Biomimetic synthesis of suberin for new biomaterials
- 2005
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Ingår i: Appita Annual Conference. ; , s. 561-564
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suberin is the biopolymer giving cork (oak bark) its hydrophobic and resistant characteristics. It acts as a diffusion barrier in bark and roots of plants. Similarly to lignin, it is a phenolic polymer with good affinity to cellulose and other wood polysaccharides, but it also contains polyaliphatic and strongly hydrophobic elements. In order to produce a lignin derivative similar to suberin, a desired lignin starting material should be of low molecular weight and have a high content of hydroxylic phenolic groups. By means of cross flow nanofiltration of softwood kraft pulping black liquor and pH-precipitation with diluted sulphuric acid, such a lignin has been obtained. Due to the fact that too much organics entering the recovery boiler frequently is the bottleneck for pulp production increases, a removal of part of the lignin can be economically very favourable. By using this lignin together with linola oil, a linseed oil with a large amount of unsaturated structures, an attempt was made to create a new hydrophobic lignin derivative similar tosuberin. The product was analysed with FT-IR, Fourier Transformed Infra Red Spectroscopy and GPC, Gel Permeation Chromatography. The suberin like material obtained from this lignin could be polymerised on thermo mechanical pulp fibres by means of Mn(III)-driven phenolic coupling. The ability of the suberin monomers to act as a hydrophobic paper coating was evaluated with contact angle measurements and the results indicate that this lignin derivative was potentially of interest due to its capability to interact well with wood fibres and make paper hydrophobic.
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