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- Eriksson, Eva, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of grey wastewater
- 2002
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Ingår i: Urban Water. - 1462-0758. ; 4:1, s. 85-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition of grey wastewater depends on sources and installations from where the water is drawn, e.g. kitchen, bathroom or laundry. The chemical compounds present originate from household chemicals, cooking, washing and the piping. In general grey wastewater contains lower levels of organic matter and nutrients compared to ordinary wastewater, since urine, faeces and toilet paper are not included. The levels of heavy metals are however in the same concentration range. The information regarding the content of xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) is limited. From this study, 900 different XOCs were identified as potentially present in grey wastewater by the use of tables of contents of household chemical products. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Eriksson, Eva, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Household chemicals and personal care products as sources for xenobiotic organic compounds in grey wastewater
- 2003
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Ingår i: Water S.A.. - : Academy of Science of South Africa. - 0378-4738 .- 1816-7950. ; 29:2, s. 135-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite contributing 75% of the total wastewater flow to domestic sewers, little is currently known concerning the detailed production patterns and characteristics of grey wastewater. In this study, an inventory of the consumption of household chemicals including a diary survey of water-consuming activities was carried out over seven consecutive days in a block of flats. In total 290 parameters in 92 household chemicals were registered in the inventory in which 30 out of 38 tenants participated. The study was accompanied by quantitative analyses of selected parameters and a screening for organic components in grey wastewater. More than 190 individual components were identified by GC-MS. Identified substances were grouped into eight substance classes based on their application and their concentrations were semi-quantitatively assessed. Several fragrances like citronellol, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and menthol as well as some preservatives, e.g. citric acid and triclosan, were identified. The measurements also showed that unwanted and unexpected compounds like drugs and pesticides could be present, as well as chemicals not directly deriving from household chemicals or personal care products, e.g. flame-retardants. The inventory provided detailed information about the consumption of various types of household chemicals, but no information on compound concentrations could be assessed due to the limited data in the list of contents of the household chemicals. It was shown that tracking of potentially toxic compounds used in households was possible.
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- Eriksson, Eva, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Phytotoxicity of grey wastewater evaluated by toxicity tests
- 2006
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Ingår i: Urban Water Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-062X .- 1744-9006. ; 3:1, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An algal growth inhibition test and a short-term acute assay for willows were used in order to evaluate the phytotoxicity of grey wastewater from different sources. Bathroom grey wastewaters were toxic towards algae (EC10 = 36 – 375 mL/L), whereas kitchen and laundry wastewaters were found to be toxic to both organisms (EC10 = 55 – 198 mL/L). The investigation showed that untreated grey wastewater could pose an environmental hazard if discharged into small-size receiving waters. Discharge to willow evaporation beds is problematic and toxic effects may be encountered, but, compared to direct discharge to surface water, the risks of toxic effects are much less pronounced.
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- Olsson, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Process Control
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biological Wastewater Treatment - Principles, Modelling and Design. - 9781843391883 ; , s. 393-414
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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