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- Axner, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of Canine Neonatal Health by Breeders: A Prospective Questionnaire Study on the Association between Neonatal Scores (Modified APGAR), Parturition, Birth Weight, Growth, and Puppy Mortality
- 2023
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In: Animals. - 2076-2615. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simple Summary Puppy mortality is a widespread problem in small animal medicine. Apgar scoring, adapted for puppies performed by trained veterinary staff, was previously shown to be useful in identifying newborn puppies with an increased risk of mortality. The majority of puppies, however, are born in a home or kennel environment. In most whelpings, early evaluations and interventions are performed by the breeder. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate if a modified Apgar protocol for neonatal monitoring would be usable by breeders in a home environment. Our aim was to evaluate potential associations between neonatal scores, delivery times, birth weights, growth rates, and puppy mortality. Twenty-one bitches gave birth to 113 puppies by vaginal delivery. Neonatal scores were related to puppy mortality. Puppies with low neonatal scores had a longer expulsion interval and lower viability. Mortality was higher in puppies with a low relative birthweight. Puppies with a negative growth rate the first two days after parturition did not have a significantly higher risk of mortality in this study. Our results indicate that a modified and simplified neonatal scoring, performed by breeders approximately 5 min after birth, could be useful to identify puppies at risk of mortality.Abstract Mortality of neonatal puppies is a widespread problem in small animal medicine. Neonatal monitoring, according to standardized protocols, can be useful for identifying puppies that are at risk of mortality. Prompt intervention on weak puppies could increase survival rates. Apgar scoring adapted for puppies has been demonstrated to be associated with mortality and is usually performed by trained veterinary staff. The majority of puppies, however, are born in a home or kennel environment and not at a veterinary clinic. Our aims were, therefore, to evaluate if a modified protocol for neonatal monitoring would be usable by breeders in a home environment. We wanted to evaluate potential associations between modified Apgar scores, birth weights, delivery times, growth rates, and puppy mortality. Modified Apgar scores were related to the viability of live-born puppies (p < 0.0013). The viability and expulsion time of each puppy were significantly related (p = 0.010 with all puppies included and p = 0.038 with only live-born puppies included). Viability was significantly related to relative birthweight (p < 0.01). Puppies with a negative growth rate the first two days after parturition did not have a significantly higher risk of mortality. In conclusion, a modified and simplified Apgar scoring performed by breeders approximately 5 min after birth was associated with puppy mortality.
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- Elmqvist, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Urban tinkering
- 2018
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In: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 13:6, s. 1549-1564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cities are currently experiencing serious, multifaceted impacts from global environmental change, especially climate change, and the degree to which they will need to cope with and adapt to such challenges will continue to increase. A complex systems approach inspired by evolutionary theory can inform strategies for policies and interventions to deal with growing urban vulnerabilities. Such an approach would guide the design of new (and redesign of existing) urban structures, while promoting innovative integration of grey, green and blue infrastructure in service of environmental and health objectives. Moreover, it would contribute to more flexible, effective policies for urban management and the use of urban space. Four decades ago, in a seminal paper in Science, the French evolutionary biologist and philosopher Francois Jacob noted that evolution differs significantly in its characteristic modes of action from processes that are designed and engineered de novo (Jacob in Science 196(4295):1161-1166, 1977). He labeled the evolutionary process tinkering, recognizing its foundation in the modification and molding of existing traits and forms, with occasional dramatic shifts in function in the context of changing conditions. This contrasts greatly with conventional engineering and design approaches that apply tailor-made materials and tools to achieve well-defined functions that are specified a priori. We here propose that urban tinkering is the application of evolutionary thinking to urban design, engineering, ecological restoration, management and governance. We define urban tinkering as:A mode of operation, encompassing policy, planning and management processes, that seeks to transform the use of existing and design of new urban systems in ways that diversify their functions, anticipate new uses and enhance adaptability, to better meet the social, economic and ecological needs of cities under conditions of deep uncertainty about the future.This approach has the potential to substantially complement and augment conventional urban development, replacing predictability, linearity and monofunctional design with anticipation of uncertainty and non-linearity and design for multiple, potentially shifting functions. Urban tinkering can function by promoting a diversity of small-scale urban experiments that, in aggregate, lead to large-scale often playful innovative solutions to the problems of sustainable development. Moreover, the tinkering approach is naturally suited to exploring multi-functional uses and approaches (e.g., bricolage) for new and existing urban structures and policies through collaborative engagement and analysis. It is thus well worth exploring as a means of delivering co-benefits for environment and human health and wellbeing. Indeed, urban tinkering has close ties to systems approaches, which often are recognized as critical to sustainable development. We believe this concept can help forge much-closer, much-needed ties among engineers, architects, evolutionary ecologists, health specialists, and numerous other urban stakeholders in developing innovative, widely beneficial solutions for society and contribute to successful implementation of SDG11 and the New Urban Agenda.
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- Hermansson-Borrebaeck, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Beliefs about medications when treating hypertension in primary health care : results from "PERson-centredness in hypertension management using information Technology (PERHIT)"
- 2023
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In: Blood Pressure. - 0803-7051. ; 32:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Hypertension is a major global health concern. Despite of efficient antihypertensive medications a low percentage of patients reach a blood pressure (BP) of <140/90. Nonadherence is a great concern in hypertension treatment and patients' beliefs about medications has been shown to have a strong impact on adherence. The objective of this study is to examine beliefs about medications and its impact on BP treatment in a group of Swedish primary healthcare patients treated for hypertension with or without an E-health platform.MATERIALS AND METHOD: In a randomised unblinded controlled trial, 949 patients with hypertension from Swedish primary health care centres were included. The intervention group used a web-based system to support self-management of hypertension for eight weeks. Beliefs about medication questionnaire (BMQ) were administered to all patients at inclusion, 8-week follow up and 1-year follow up.RESULTS: Data were collected from the 862 patients who completed the trial. No statistically significant difference was found in BMQ-scores between the intervention and the control group. An association between lower scores in the BMQ subsection 'General-Harm' and achieving target BP of <140/90 mmHg were noted ( p = 0.021). CONCLUSION: This study shows a significant association between beliefs about medication and BP levels, on hypertensive patients in the Swedish primary care setting, in only one out of four subsections of the BMQ. The intervention did not have a significant effect on changing patients' beliefs about medication. Further emphasis on patients' beliefs about medications could be useful in the clinical setting.
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| 6. |
- Hermansson, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Ingång
- 2007
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In: Tidskrift för Litteraturvetenskap. - 1104-0556. ; 2007:4, s. 20-23
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Hermansson, Michael, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Esophageal perforation in South of Sweden: results of surgical treatment in 125 consecutive patients.
- 2010
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In: BMC surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2482. ; 10
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- For many years there has been a debate as to which is the method of choice in treating patients with esophageal perforation. The literature consists mainly of small case series. Strategies for aiding patients struck with this disease is changing as new and less traumatic treatment options are developing. We studied a relatively large consecutive material of esophageal perforations in an effort to evaluate prognostic factors, diagnostic efforts and treatment strategy in these patients.
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| 8. |
- Hermansson, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Cryopreservation of dog semen in a Tris extender with two different 1% soybean preparations compared with a Tris egg yolk extender
- 2021
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In: Veterinary Medicine and Science. - : Wiley. - 2053-1095. ; 7, s. 812-819
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Egg yolk is widely used as a cryoprotectant in dog semen extenders, but there is a risk of contamination with animal pathogens. In addition, egg yolk may vary in composition, making it difficult to standardize the extender. Lecithin is an animal protein-free alternative to egg yolk for semen cryopreservation. Recently, it was shown that 1% of soybean lecithin type II-S was better than 2% for freezing canine semen. The aim of the study was to compare two different types of soybean lecithin, with egg yolk as a control. Ejaculates from eight dogs were divided into three equal parts and diluted with a Tris-based extender, containing either 20% egg yolk, 1% soybean lecithin Type II-S or 1% soybean lecithin Type IV-S. The samples were then frozen. Sperm motility was evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA/PI) and sperm membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI) post-thaw, as well as after 2 and 4 hr incubation at 37 degrees C. Post-thaw sperm chromatin structure assay and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated by flow cytometry. Total motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were significantly better in the egg yolk extender than in the two soybean lecithin-based extenders. Individual motility post-thaw differed more than in the fresh samples, illustrating individual differences in tolerance to the cryostress. The DNA Fragmentation Index (% DFI) was significantly lower in the Tris egg yolk (TEY) extender compared to any of the soybean-based extenders. The number of high green stained spermatozoa were significantly higher in Type IV-S compared to the control TEY extender. In conclusion, egg yolk was superior to the two lecithin-based extenders to cryopreserve canine semen.
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| 10. |
- Hermansson, Veronica, et al.
(author)
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Comparative CYP-dependent binding of the adrenocortical toxicants 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE and o,p′-DDD in Y-1 adrenal cells
- 2007
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In: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 81:11, s. 793-801
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The environmental pollutant 3-MeSO2–DDE [2-(3-methylsulfonyl-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene] is an adrenocortical toxicant in mice, specifically in the glucocorticoid-producing zona fasciculata, due to a cytochrome P450 11B1 (CYP11B1)-catalysed bioactivation and formation of covalently bound protein adducts. o,p′-DDD [2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane] is toxic and inhibits steroidogenesis in the human adrenal cortex after bioactivation by unidentified CYPs, but does not exert any toxic effects on the mouse adrenal. As a step towards determining in vitro/in vivo relationships for the CYP-catalysed binding and toxicity of 3-MeSO2–DDE and o,p′-DDD, we have investigated the irreversible protein binding of these two toxicants in the murine adrenocortical cell line Y-1. The irreversible binding of 3-MeSO2–DDE previously demonstrated in vivo was successfully reproduced and could be inhibited by the CYP-inhibitors etomidate, ketoconazole and metyrapone. Surprisingly, o,p′-DDD reached similar levels of binding as 3-MeSO2–DDE. The binding of o,p′-DDD was sensitive to etomidate and ketoconazole, but not to metyrapone. Moreover, GSH depletion increased the binding of 3-MeSO2–DDE, but not of o,p′-DDD, indicating an important role of GSH conjugation in the detoxification of the 3-MeSO2–DDE-derived reactive metabolite. In addition, the specificity of CYP11B1 in activating 3-MeSO2–DDE was investigated using structurally analogous compounds. None of the analogues produced histopathological lesions in the mouse adrenal in vivo following a single i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg body weight, but two of the compounds were able to decrease the irreversible binding of 3-MeSO2–DDE to Y-1 cells. These results indicate that the bioactivation of 3-MeSO2–DDE by CYP11B1 is highly structure-dependent. In conclusion, both 3-MeSO2–DDE and o,p′-DDD bind irreversibly to Y-1 cells despite differences in binding and adrenotoxicity in mice in vivo. This reveals a notable in vitro/in vivo discrepancy, the contributing factors of which remain unexplained. We consider the Y-1 cell line as appropriate for studies of the cellular mechanisms behind the adrenocortical toxicity of these substances.
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