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- Conejo-Bolaños, L. Diego, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal current-use pesticide exposure and children's neurodevelopment at one year of age in the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - 0013-9351. ; 249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pesticide exposure may affect young children's neurodevelopment, but only few cohort studies have addressed possible effects of non-organophosphate pesticides. Objective: We evaluated associations between prenatal current-use pesticide exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes among 1-year-old children from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort. Methods: To determine prenatal pesticide exposure, we measured biomarkers of pyrimethanil, chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, and 2,4-D in urine samples among 355 women, 1–3 times during pregnancy. One-year post-partum, we evaluated children's neurodevelopment with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition (BSID-III). We assessed associations between exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes (composite and z-scores) using single-chemical linear regression models adjusted for possible confounders (maternal education, parity, sex, gestational age at birth, child age, HOME-score, location of assessment, biomarkers of mancozeb), and studied effect-modification by sex. We evaluated non-linear associations of multiple pesticide exposures with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Results: We found higher prenatal urinary 2,4-D concentrations were associated with lower language (βper ten-fold increase = −2.0, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = −3.5, −0.5) and motor (βper ten-fold increase = −2.2, 95 %CI = −4.2, −0.1) composite scores among all children. Also, higher chlorpyrifos exposure [measured as urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)] was associated with lower cognitive composite scores (βper ten-fold increase = −1.9, 95 %CI = −4.7, 0.8), and lower motor composite scores among boys (βper ten-fold increase = −3.8, 95 % CI = −7.7, 0.1) but not girls (βper ten-fold increase = 2.3, 95 %CI = −1.6, 6.3, pINT = 0.11). Finally, higher pyrimethanil was associated with lower language abilities among girls, but not boys. Pyrethroid metabolite concentrations did not explain variability in BSID-III composite scores. Associations were similar for BSID-III z-scores, and we found no evidence for non-linear associations or mixture effects. Discussion: Prenatal exposure to common-use pesticides may affect children's neurodevelopment at 1-year of age, some effects may be sex-specific.
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| 2. |
- Mora, Ana María, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal Mancozeb Exposure, Excess Manganese, and Neurodevelopment at 1 Year of Age in the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924. ; 126:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although growing evidence suggests that early-life excess manganese (Mn) impairs neurodevelopment, data on the neurodevelopmental effects of mancozeb, a fungicide containing Mn, and its main metabolite ethylenethiourea (ETU) are limited. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether prenatal mancozeb exposure and excess Mn were associated with neurodevelopment in 355 1-y-old infants living near banana plantations with frequent aerial mancozeb spraying in Costa Rica. METHODS: We measured urinary ETU, hair Mn, and blood Mn concentrations in samples collected 1-3 times during pregnancy from mothers enrolled in the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) study. We then assessed neurodevelopment in their 1-y-old infants using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (BSID-III). We estimated exposure-outcome associations using linear regression models adjusted for maternal education, parity, gestational age at birth, child age, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment score, and location of neurodevelopmental assessment. RESULTS: Median (P25-P75) urinary ETU, hair Mn, and blood Mn measured during pregnancy were 3.3 μg/L (2.4-4.9; specific gravity-corrected), 1.7 μg/g (0.9-4.1), and 24.0 μg/L (20.3-28.0), respectively. Among girls, higher ETU was associated with lower social-emotional scores [β per 10-fold increase=-7.4 points (95% CI: -15.2, 0.4)], whereas higher hair Mn was associated with lower cognitive scores [-3.0 (-6.1, 0.1)]. Among boys, higher hair Mn was associated with lower social-emotional scores [-4.6 (-8.5, -0.8)]. We observed null associations for blood Mn, language, and motor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that maternal exposure to mancozeb and excess Mn during pregnancy may have adverse and sex-specific effects on infant neurodevelopment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1955.
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| 3. |
- Rodriguez, Teresa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive deficits in organophosphate exposed children of Nicaraguan subsistence farmers
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: This study examined cognitive and behavioral performance among school-age children in Nicaragua in relation with long-term and recent organophosphate exposures.Methods: Long-term organophosphate was assessed in 110 children aged 7-9 through a parental use index of kg of organophosphate during de pregnancy, first year of life and from 1 year old to the present. Recent exposure was determined in a subset of 74 children by urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) levels. Cognitive function was evaluated with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC IV), total IQ and subtests grouped into indices for perceptual reasoning, verbal comprehension, working memory, and processing speed. Behavior at school was measured with the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-Revised:Short (CTRS-R:S). Multivariate linear regression models assessed adjusted associations.Results: For each 10-fold increase in prenatal indices for total OP use, children’s performance on working memory significantly decreased with 3.5 points, and similarly for chlorpyrifos and methamidophos. Prenatal methamidophos use was, in addition, significantly associated with poorer verbal comprehension and decrease in total IQ, a 10-fold use increase decreasing scores with 3.8 and 3.3 points respectively. Urinary TCPY (mg/g of creatinine) also affected, not significantly, working memory with a 3.2 point decrease for each 10-fold increase. This study did not find associations between postnatal organophosphate use indices and cognitive performance, or pre or postnatal use indices with behavior. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure to organophosphates decreased the cognitive abilities in Nicaraguan children, particularly in working memory. Methamidophos was also associated with poor verbal comprehension and total IQ.
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| 4. |
- Rodriguez, Teresa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Pyrethroids exposure and neurobehavioral performance in school age children in rural Nicaragua
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: This cross-sectional study explored whether pre or postnatal pyrethroid exposure impaired cognitive performance and behavior in school-aged children from a rural area in Nicaragua.Methods: Pyrethroid exposure was assessed in 110 children age 7-9, attending grade 1-3, with cumulative parental pyrethroid use indices of hours of spraying, during pregnancy, the first year of life, and older than age one. Cypermethrin accounted for most of the pyrethroid use. Cognitive performance of the children was evaluated with 12 sub-tests and total IQ of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC IV), grouped into indices for perceptual reasoning, verbal comprehension, working memory, and processing speed. Behavior at school was measured with the oppositional, cognitive problem/inattention, hyperactivity and ADHD index subscales of the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-Revised:Short form (CTRS-R:S). One year later, the pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA was measured in 211 urine samples from 74 children (median 3.3 µg/g creatinine, max. 547) and the effect of recent exposure on cognitive and behavior was assessed with a shortened battery. Results:Pyrethroid exposure indices during the first year of life significantly decreased performance of perceptual reasoning in children aged 7-9. For each 10-fold increasein hours of pyrethroid application , children’s performance on the Perceptual Reasoning Index decreased on average with 1.1 point. Postnatal exposures, during the first year and after age 1, associated with hyperactivity and attention problem. Urinary 3-PBA levels were negatively associated with a number of cognitive functions and, noteworthy, with increased scores for ADHD in girls but not in boys.Conclusion:Pyrethroid exposure in the first year of life was associated with decreased perceptual reasoning in rural children and with hyperactivity and ADHD predominantly in girls.
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| 5. |
- Rodriguez, Teresa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Pyrethroids exposure and neurobehavioral performance in school age children in rural Nicaragua
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Objective: This cross-sectional study explored whether pre or postnatal pyrethroid exposure impaired cognitive performance and behavior in school-aged children from a rural area in Nicaragua.Methods: Pyrethroid exposure was assessed in 110 children age 7-9, attending grade 1-3, with cumulative parental pyrethroid use indices of hours of spraying, during pregnancy, the first year of life, and older than age one. Cypermethrin accounted for most of the pyrethroid use. Cognitive performance of the children was evaluated with 12 sub-tests and total IQ of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC IV), grouped into indices for perceptual reasoning, verbal comprehension, working memory, and processing speed. Behavior at school was measured with the oppositional, cognitive problem/inattention, hyperactivity and ADHD index subscales of the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-Revised:Short form (CTRS-R:S). One year later, the pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA was measured in 211 urine samples from 74 children (median 3.3 µg/g creatinine, max. 547) and the effect of recent exposure on cognitive and behavior was assessed with a shortened battery. Results:Pyrethroid exposure indices during the first year of life significantly decreased performance of perceptual reasoning in children aged 7-9. For each 10-fold increasein hours of pyrethroid application , children’s performance on the Perceptual Reasoning Index decreased on average with 1.1 point. Postnatal exposures, during the first year and after age 1, associated with hyperactivity and attention problem. Urinary 3-PBA levels were negatively associated with a number of cognitive functions and, noteworthy, with increased scores for ADHD in girls but not in boys.Conclusion:Pyrethroid exposure in the first year of life was associated with decreased perceptual reasoning in rural children and with hyperactivity and ADHD predominantly in girls.
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| 6. |
- van Wendel de Joode, Berna, et al.
(författare)
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Pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in children aged 6–9 years from Talamanca, Costa Rica
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cortex. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-9452 .- 1973-8102. ; 85, s. 137-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain pesticides may affect children's neurodevelopment. We assessed whether pesticide exposure was associated with impaired neurobehavioral outcomes in children aged 6–9 years. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 140 children living near banana plantations and plantain farms in the Talamanca County, Costa Rica and assessed their neurobehavioral performance. Exposure was determined by analyzing urinary metabolites of chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, TCPy), mancozeb (ethylenethiourea, ETU), and pyrethroids (3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-PBA). Repeated urine samples were obtained for 36 children. We estimated associations of pesticide concentrations with neurobehavioral outcomes using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Median (25th–75th percentiles) TCPy, ETU, and 3-PBA concentrations were 1.4 (.7–3.1), 1.2 (.7–3.0), and. 8 (.5–1.5) μg/L, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged between. 32 and. 67. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher urinary TCPy concentrations were associated with poorer working memory in boys (n = 59) (β per 10-fold increase in TCPy concentrations = −7.5, 95% CI: −14.4, −.7); poorer visual motor coordination (β = −1.4, 95% CI: −2.7, −.1); increased prevalence of parent-reported cognitive problems/inattention (adjusted OR per 10-fold increase in urinary concentrations = 5.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 22.9), oppositional disorders (aOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 16.0), and ADHD (aOR = 6.8, 95% CI: 1.8, 28.6), and; decreased ability to discriminate colors (aOR = 6.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 30.3; the higher the score the worse). Higher ETU concentrations were associated with poorer verbal learning outcomes (β = −7.0, 95% CI: −12.7, −1.3). Higher 3-PBA concentrations were associated with poorer processing speed scores, particularly in girls (β = −8.8, 95% CI: −16.1, −1.4). Our findings indicate that children living near banana and plantain plantations are exposed to pesticides that may affect their neurodevelopment, which for certain domains may differ between boys and girls. We recommend the implementation of measures to reduce pesticide exposure in children living nearby banana plantations.
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