| 1. |
- Neiß, Michael, 1977-
(författare)
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Förvandlingar i vikingatidens djurornamentik : Del 1 : En multiperspektivisk studie om figurknoppspännen av Birkatyp
- 2022
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the past 150 years, different generations of scholars have been approaching Scandinavian Animal Art with queries that were as multifaceted as the materials that they studied. The focal point of this study are Birka type brooches, which are best likened to interactive sculptures that change shape as the viewer changes perspective. Sculptural brooches do not only breathe new life into traditional research questions, but raise new ones that steer us into uncharted waters. Here, we make field observations which fall outside the established paradigms of archaeology. Following the parable of the six blind men who tried to come to terms with the unknown phenomenon ‘elephant’, this study approaches the sculptural brooch phenomenon from different angles, by combining different methods which have been developed within separate research disciplines such as archaeology, art history, cognitive science and philology. The methodological framework for my multi-method approach is informed GT, i.e. a variant of grounded theory which uses established theories to identify distinct patterns that previously went unnoticed. Contradictions that arise from the mix of methods are not seen as a hindrance, but as a generator for progress that gives rise to a new theory. By combining dynamic typology, Panofskyan hermeneutics and multimodal semiotics, my study on sculptural brooches uncovers hitherto unknown parallels between Animal Art and skaldic poetry in regards to context, cognition and imagery. As a result, one is inclined to look for a potential link between those distinct expressions of Viking Age culture. Did objects with Animal Art serve as points of reference for skaldic ekphrasis? Or was Animal Art a material anchor for the same conceptual blends that also transpired through skaldic poetry? The outcome is an empirically grounded theory which links the pictorial language of the smith to the verbal imagery of the skald, more precisely in the context of Old Norse íþrótt ideology.
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| 2. |
- Therus, Jhonny, 1976-
(författare)
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Den yngre järnålderns gravskick i Uppland : Framväxten av den arkeologiska bilden och en materialitet i förändring
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines archaeological approaches to burials and changing mortuary practices during the Late Iron Age (c. 500-1100 AD) in central Eastern Sweden. Understanding the change in mortuary practices is fundamental to the study of the Late Iron Age.Our knowledge of burial customs is largely colored by 20th century studies of burial monuments, in particular the large mound, boat and chamber burials, which was often combined with analyses of Eddic and saga material. More recent excavations, however, have shown that burials are much more complex than previously thought.This thesis comprises two parts. The first considers eight formative publications, written between 1904 and 2005, in order to examine the historiography of Iron Age burial archaeology. It explores the changing perception of graves and the archaeological practises documenting them. The impact of Björn Ambrosiani’s two-part model is considered as influential in shaping the definition of burials and their typology.The second part of the thesis addresses the changing mortuary practices of the Late Iron Age and highlights several burial types and practices, centered on cremated bones and stones, which have not been sufficiently studied. Two major changes are identified during the period. The first comprises a move from dispersed to individual burials, while the second consists of a change from cremation to inhumation practices that coincides with the Christianization process. This part of the thesis features a number of case studies that illustrate the change in mortuary practices. Among the phenomena discussed are the stone structures called hǫrgr, the amulet rings commonly found in cremation burials and at older cultic sites, and the hybrid nature of Late Viking Age burials. The study found that from the late 900s to the late 1000s, cremation and inhumation are practiced side by side in many burial grounds.The discussion introduces the concept of “bridging practices” – memory practices consciously connecting the past and the future, as a key to understanding the burials of the period. These bridging practices served to facilitate and normalize processes of change, and are argued to be the defining trait of Late Viking Age mortuary behavior.
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| 3. |
- Karlström, Anna, 1973-
(författare)
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Preserving Impermanence : The Creation of Heritage in Vientiane, Laos
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about the heritage in Vientiane. In an attempt to go beyond a more traditional descriptive approach, the study aims at bringing forward a discussion about the definition, or rather the multiplicity of definitions, of the concept of heritage as such. The unavoidabe tension emanating from a modern western frame of thought being applied to the geographical and cultural setting of the study provides an opportunity to develop a criticism of some of the assumptions underlying our current definitions of heritage. For this particular study, heritage is defined as to include stories, places and things. It is a heritage that is complex and ambiguous, because the stories are parallel, the definitions and perceptions of place are manifold and contested, and the things and their meaning appear altered, depending on what approach to materiality is used. The objective is not to propose how to identify and manage such a complex heritage. Rather, it is about what causes this complexity and ambiguity and what is in between the stories, places and things. In addition, the study aims to critically deconstruct the contemporary heritage discourse, which privileges material authenticity, form and fabric and the idea that heritage values are universal and should be preserved for the future and preferably forever. In Laos, Buddhism dominates as religious practice. In this context, the notion of material impermanence also governs the perception of reality. Approaches to materiality in Buddhism are related to the general ideas that things are important from a contemporary perspective and primarily as containers for spiritual values, that the spiritual values carry the connection to the past, and that heritage is primarily spiritual in nature and has little to do with physical structure and form. By exploring the concepts of restoration, destruction and consumption in such a perspective, we understand that preservation and restoration are active processes of materialisation. We also understand that destruction and consumption are necessary for the appreciation of certain heritage expressions, and that heritage is being constantly created. With this understanding, this book is an argument for challenging contemporary western heritage discourse and question its fundamental ideology of preservationism.
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| 4. |
- Michel López, Marcos Rodolfo, 1967-
(författare)
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Patrones de Asentamiento Precolombino del Altiplano Boliviano : Lugares Centrales de la Región de Quillacas, Departamento de Oruro, Bolivia
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Archaeology in Bolivia has two strong tendencies: nationalism and regionalism. The proposal aims for an academic reconstruction and expansion of this science in order to develop new scientific criteria, that can be institutionalized and become normative to the whole country to cover the expectations of different regions with regard to its past.A fundamental aspect of providing Bolivian archaeological research with new perspectives is the study of formation and development of Andean central places of historic, infrastructural and ritual importance, such Huari, Quillacas, Sevaruyo, Pampa Aullagas and San Miguel de Uruquilla. Research conducted in the south basin of the Lake Poopo identifies evidence of early settlement in Huari towards the Late Archaic period (approximately 4000 to 2000 BC) and the Formative (2000 BC to AD 300), when the first villages were established. This indicates that the formation of agricultural towns was produced by consolidation of multiethnic central places that first consisted of ayllus, socio-dynamic units that gathered together settlers from different regions that simultaneously formed an ample network of centres interconnecting the Andean complex geography, interweaving their cultural diversity owing to the common ideology of Tiwanaku. Routes and llama caravans (llama trekking) integrated this network of central places.As indicated by surveys and excavations, convergence of groups from different regions has been recognized in rests of material culture as shown in the ceramic distribution: Local Tiwanaku, Tiwanaku from Cochabamba, Yura, Huruquilla, Puqui, Mojocoya and remains of festivities at the centres during redistribution ceremonies, as well as ritual offers during the Early Regional Development period (300 to AD 900). This dynamic and preponderant ideology was completely transformed during Late Regional Developments (900 to AD 1460) when a series of regional conflicts determined the formation of the regional confederation known as Quillacas- Azanaques. At the time of the Inka Conquest (1460– AD 1530), the Lake Poopo basin was integrated into the Tawantinsuyo region through the implementation of the Royal Road and construction of Paria, Quillacas, San Miguel de Uruquilla and the Sevaruyo lodgings.During the Colonial (1530 - 1825) and Republican periods (1825 - ), the Spaniards made changes that imply a deterioration of the socio-political structures of the ayllus, its territorial fragmentation and creation of new reductions for mining operations.Recent archaeological research supports the proposition that populated centres in the Andean region of Bolivia were adapted to take advantage of the ecological variability through the social construction of the ayllu and the markas, centres that maintain dynamics, fluctuants and confluence in productive and ritual places.
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| 5. |
- Sánchez Canedo, Walter, 1962-
(författare)
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Inkas, “flecheros” y mitmaqkuna : Cambio social y paisajes culturales en los Valles y en los Yungas de Inkachaca/Paracti y Tablas Monte (Cochabamba-Bolivia, siglos XV-XVI)
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research work addresses the changes that occurred in the valley and the Yungas of Cochabamba during the Inka Horizon (1400-1538 AC) while introducing in an exploratory way, the Late Intermediate (1100-1400 AC) and the Middle Horizon (400-1100 AC) periods. In theoretical terms, we emphasize the local human agency (individual and social) as important elements in order to understand the processes of social change. We assume that the complex relational webs generated by the Inka presence in the valleys and the Yungas appear as "traces" in the space (as constructed landscapes: social, agro-hydrological, sacral, administrative, war landscapes etc.) that can be seized from two sources, archaeological and historical, that are seen as complementing each other. We carried out two case studies in the Yungas of Tablas Monte and Inkachaca /Paracti. In both areas, previously unknown to Bolivian archaeology, we examined the impact of the Inka. Based upon material evidence, such as the sophisticated agro-hydrological system sustained by an intensive use of the stone as well as documentary data, we discuss the presence of warrior groups, i.e. that the arrival of the Inka had a relative impact in this area.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Herschend, Frands, Professor, 1948-
(författare)
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Socially significant Viking-Age housing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vikings Across Boundaries. - London & New York : Routledge. - 9780367364526 ; , s. 212-235
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Herschend, Frands, Professor, 1948-
(författare)
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Vad är det Háv hänger på i Hávamál?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 116:4, s. 281-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on an introductory account of the shortcomings of a purely archaeological endeavour to understand the cultural history of the 1st millennium CE, this casestudy begins with an interpretation of the Old Norse word meiðr. This is followed up by a short comparative analysis of the function of the oe words beam and ródin the Dream of the Rood. Thus, having been inspired by Old Norse and Old English texts, the next step is an analysis of two archaeological excavations in which several constructions seem to qualify as a meiðr in the everyday sense of the word. Essentially, the word means ’drying rack’ and as a construction it consists of two vertical poles with crutches, which support a horizontal rod that joins them together. On this rod more or less anything may hang – even Háv during his rite of passage merging with Oðinn.
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