| 1. |
- Bertilsson, Carolina, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Dental Caries in Past European Populations: A Systematic Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 56:1, s. 15-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Within the fields of anthropology and osteoarcheology, human teeth have long been studied to understand the diet, habits, and diseases of past civilizations. However, no complete review has been published to collect and analyze the extensive available data on caries prevalence in European man (Homo sapiens) over time. Method: In this current study, the two databases, Scopus and Art, Design, and Architecture Collection, were searched using predefined search terms. The literature was systematically reviewed and assessed by two of the authors. Results: The findings include a significant nonlinear correlation with increasing caries prevalence in European populations from 9000 BC to 1850 AD, for both the number of carious teeth and the number of affected individuals. Conclusion: Despite the well-established collective belief that caries rates fluctuate between different locations and time and the general view that caries rates have increased from prehistoric times and onwards, this is to our knowledge the first time this relationship has been proven based on published data.
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| 2. |
- Allosso, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - 2044-6055. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a rare disorder characterised by an impaired secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands. Treatment strategies for AI have developed over time with reduced glucocorticoid replacement doses and improved circadian exposure regimens, but whether this has resulted in better survival is unknown. The main purpose of this systematic review is to gather and synthesise available evidence on long-term mortality in patients with AI. The secondary aim is to study causes of death, with focus on cardiovascular and infectious diseases, in AI patients.Studies published from the inception of respective databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science) until the end of May 2023 will be systematically synthetised. Observational studies with a reference population will be included, and their quality will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data collected will be narratively integrated and a meta-analysis will be performed to pool data from studies considered homogeneous. The systematic review will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. This will be the first systematic review assessing mortality and causes of death in AI patients. The findings of this systematic review will be of value for both patients and healthcare providers.This systematic review does not require ethical approval or informed consent because it will be based on previously published data only and does not implicate any direct contact with individual patients. The research results will be presented at scientific conferences and submitted for publication in an internationally recognised peer-reviewed scientific journal.CRD42023416253.
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| 3. |
- Bjarsch, Carin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Söka & värdera. Nätbaserad introduktion till informationssökning och informationshantering
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med rapporten är att berätta om projektgruppens arbete med att utveckla webbkursen Söka & värdera: Grundkurs i informationssökning och informationshantering. Målgrupp för webbkursen är alla nyantagna studenter vid Göteborgs universitet. Nya studenter kommer till GU med varierande kunskaper i informationssökning och informationshantering. Idag når bibliotekets undervisning långt ifrån alla studenter. En kurs på webben ger ökad flexibilitet och tillgänglighet och därmed möjlighet att nå fler studenter. Söka & värdera syftar till att lägga en gemensam kunskapsgrund för nyantagna studenter vad gäller informationssökning och informationshantering. Kursen fungerar också som utgångspunkt för universitetsbibliotekets fortsatta, ämnesanpassade fördjupningskurser. Därmed får studenterna möjlighet att rusta sig bättre för sina högskolestudier. Ett effektmål blir alltså att kursen bidrar till att höja kvaliteten i grundutbildningen och underlättar genomströmningen. Kursinnehållet täcker de generiska kompetenser som omfattas av Högskolelagen och som brukar sammanfattas som informationskompetens: förmågan att söka, kritiskt värdera och (etiskt) hantera information. Webbkursen är också en del av universitetsbibliotekets arbete med GU:s handlingsplan mot fusk/plagiering. Webbkursen lanserades i september 2011 och har sedan dess presenterats i flera sammanhang och fått ett positivt mottagande. Dessutom har fyra studentgrupper fått testa och utvärdera kursen. Kursen Söka & värdera gör det möjligt för institutioner/fakulteter att försäkra sig om att alla studenter erbjuds möjlighet att tillägna sig grundläggande kunskaper om informationssökning, informationshantering och akademisk hederlighet. För att nå alla nya studenter vid Göteborgs universitet behövs ett GU-gemensamt beslut att göra kursen obligatorisk.
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| 4. |
- Bobbio, Emanuele, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory cardiomyopathies: short- and long-term outcomes after heart transplantation-a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Heart failure reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7322 .- 1382-4147. ; 25:3, s. 481-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart transplantation (HTx) for patients with "giant cell myocarditis" (GCM) or "cardiac sarcoidosis" (CS) is still controversial. However, no single center has accumulated enough experience to investigate post-HTx outcome. The primary aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise, and synthesize existing literature investigating whether patients who have undergone HTx because of GCM or CS have worse outcomes as compared with patients transplanted because of other etiologies. A systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, for studies published up to December 2019. Observational and interventional population-based studies will be eligible for inclusion. The quality of observational studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, while the interventional studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Effective Practice Organization of Care tool. The collected evidence will be narratively synthesized; in addition, we will perform a meta-analysis to pool estimates from studies considered to be homogenous. Reporting of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. To our knowledge, this will be the first synthesis of outcomes, including survival, acute cellular rejection, and disease recurrence, in patients with either GCM or CS treated with HTx. Reviewing the suitability of HTx in this population and highlighting areas for further research will benefit both patients and healthcare providers. Trial registration: CRD42019140574.
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| 5. |
- Bobbio, Emanuele, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and long-term outcomes after heart transplantation in cardiac sarcoidosis and giant-cell myocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1861-0692. ; 111:2, s. 125-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart transplantation (HTx) is a valid therapeutic option for end-stage heart failure secondary to cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) or giant-cell myocarditis (GCM). However, post-HTx outcomes in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) have been poorly investigated. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Science Citation Index, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, screened the gray literature, and contacted experts in the field. We included studies comparing post-HTx survival, acute cellular rejection, and disease recurrence in patients with and without ICM. Data were synthesized by a random-effects meta-analysis. We screened 11,933 articles, of which 14 were considered eligible. In a pooled analysis, post-HTx survival was higher in CS than non-CS patients after 1year (risk ratio [RR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-1.17; I2=0%) and 5years (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52-0.91; I2=0%), but statistically significant only after 5years. During the first-year post-HTx, the risk of acute cellular rejection was similar for patients with and without CS, but after 5years, it was lower in those with CS (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.03-0.72; I2=0%). No difference in post-HTx survival was observed between patients with and without GCM after 1year (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.05-2.28; I2=0%) or 5years (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.42-1.54; I2=0%). During post-HTx follow-up, recurrence of CS and GCM occurred in 5% and 8% of patients, respectively. Post-HTx outcomes in patients with CS and GCM are comparable with cardiac recipients with other heart failure etiologies. Patients with ICM should not be disqualified from HTx.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hessman, Eva, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd och samarbete för studenters lärande: UB som pedagogisk partner
- 2013
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Ingår i: ABSTRACTS HKG 2013 : Högskolepedagogisk konferens i Göteborg, 17 oktober 2013. ; , s. 26-27
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi bjuder in till en diskussion om UB:s roll som pedagogiskt stöd för studenterna på GU, både i form av klassrumsundervisning men även i form av olika webbstöd.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Women and Birth. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PROBLEM:Fear of childbirth negatively affects women during pregnancy and after birth.AIM:To summarise the findings of published studies regarding possible causes/predisposing factors and outcomes of fear of childbirth for childbearing women.DESIGN:A systematic review, searching five databases in March 2015 for studies on causes/predisposing factors and outcomes of fear of childbirth, as measured during pregnancy and postpartum. Quality of included studies was assessed independently by pairs of authors. Data were extracted independently by reviewer pairs and described in a narrative analysis.FINDINGS:Cross-sectional, register-based and case-control studies were included (n=21). Causes were grouped into population characteristics, mood-related aspects, and pregnancy and birth-related aspects. Outcomes were defined as mood-related or pregnancy and birth-related aspects. Differing definitions of fear of childbirth were found and meta-analysis could only be performed on parity, in a few studies.CONCLUSIONS:Stress, anxiety, depression and lack of social support are associated with fear during pregnancy. Need for psychiatric care and presence of traumatic stress symptoms are reported outcomes together with prolonged labour, longer labours, use of epidural and obstetric complications. Nulliparous and parous women have similar levels of fear but for different reasons. Since the strongest predictor for fear in parous women is a previous negative birth experience or operative birth, we suggest it is important to distinguish between fear of childbirth and fear after birth. Findings demonstrate the need for creating woman-centred birthing environments where women can feel free and secure with low risk of negative or traumatic birth experiences and consequent fear.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Christina, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fear of Childbirth (FOC) is a common problem affecting women's health and wellbeing, and a common reason for requesting caesarean section. The aims of this review were to summarise published research on prevalence of FOC in childbearing women and how it is defined and measured during pregnancy and postpartum, and to search for useful measures of FOC, for research as well as for clinical settings. Methods: Five bibliographic databases in March 2015 were searched for published research on FOC, using a protocol agreed a priori. The quality of selected studies was assessed independently by pairs of authors. Prevalence data, definitions and methods of measurement were extracted independently from each included study by pairs of authors. Finally, some of the country rates were combined and compared. Results: In total, 12,188 citations were identified and screened by title and abstract; 11,698 were excluded and full-text of 490 assessed for analysis. Of these, 466 were excluded leaving 24 papers included in the review, presenting prevalence of FOC from nine countries in Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States. Various definitions and measurements of FOC were used. The most frequently-used scale was the W-DEQ with various cut-off points describing moderate, severe/intense and extreme/phobic fear. Different 3-, 4-, and 5/6 point scales and visual analogue scales were also used. Country rates (as measured by seven studies using W-DEQ with >= 85 cut-off point) varied from 6.3 to 14.8%, a significant difference (chi-square = 104.44, d.f. = 6, rho < 0.0001). Conclusions: Rates of severe FOC, measured in the same way, varied in different countries. Reasons why FOC might differ are unknown, and further research is necessary. Future studies on FOC should use the W-DEQ tool with a cut-off point of >= 85, or a more thoroughly tested version of the FOBS scale, or a three-point scale measurement of FOC using a single question as 'Are you afraid about the birth?' In this way, valid comparisons in research can be made. Moreover, validation of a clinical tool that is more focussed on FOC alone, and easier than the longer W-DEQ, for women to fill in and clinicians to administer, is required.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Birthing Room Design on Maternal and Neonate Outcomes: A Systematic Review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Herd-Health Environments Research & Design Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1937-5867 .- 2167-5112. ; 13:3, s. 198-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To summarize, categorize, and describe published research on how birthing room design influences maternal and neonate physical and emotional outcomes. Background: The physical healthcare environment has significant effects on health and well-being. Research indicates that birthing environments can impact women during labor and birth. However, summaries of the effects of different environments around birth are scarce. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, searching 10 databases in 2016 and 2017 for published research from their inception dates, on how birthing room design influences maternal and neonate physical and emotional outcomes, using a protocol agreed a priori. The quality of selected studies was assessed, and data were extracted independently by pairs of authors and described in a narrative analysis. Results: In total, 3,373 records were identified and screened by title and abstract; 2,063 were excluded and the full text of 278 assessed for analysis. Another 241 were excluded, leaving 15 articles presenting qualitative and quantitative data from six different countries on four continents. The results of the analysis reveal four prominent physical themes in birthing rooms that positively influence on maternal and neonate physical and emotional outcomes: (1) means of distraction, comfort, and relaxation; (2) raising the birthing room temperature; (3) features of familiarity; and (4) diminishing a technocratic environment. Conclusions: The evidence on how birthing environments affect outcomes of labor and birth is incomplete. There is a crucial need for more research in this field.
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