| 1. |
- Burnett Heyes, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship Reciprocation Modulates Resource Allocation in Adolescent Social Networks : Developmental Effects
- 2015
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Ingår i: Child Development. - : WILEY. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 86:5, s. 1489-1506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescence is characterized as a period of social reorientation toward peer relationships, entailing the emergence of sophisticated social abilities. Two studies (Study 1: N=42, ages 13-17; Study 2: N=81, ages 13-16) investigated age group differences in the impact of relationship reciprocation within school-based social networks on an experimental measure of cooperation behavior. Results suggest development between mid- and late adolescence in the extent to which reciprocation of social ties predicted resource allocation. With increasing age group, investment decisions increasingly reflected the degree to which peers reciprocated feelings of friendship. This result may reflect social-cognitive development, which could facilitate the ability to navigate an increasingly complex social world in adolescence and promote positive and enduring relationships into adulthood.
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| 2. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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Mental Imagery in Depression : Phenomenology, Potential Mechanisms, and Treatment Implications
- 2016
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Ingår i: ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 12. - : ANNUAL REVIEWS. - 1548-5951 .- 1548-5943. - 9780824339128 ; , s. 249-280
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental imagery is an experience like perception in the absence of a percept. It is a ubiquitous feature of human cognition, yet it has been relatively neglected in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of depression. Imagery abnormalities in depression include an excess of intrusive negative mental imagery; impoverished positive imagery; bias for observer perspective imagery; and overgeneral memory, in which specific imagery is lacking. We consider the contribution of imagery dysfunctions to depressive psychopathology and implications for cognitive behavioral interventions. Treatment advances capitalizing on the representational format of imagery (as opposed to its content) are reviewed, including imagery rescripting, positive imagery generation, and memory specificity training. Consideration of mental imagery can contribute to clinical assessment and imagery-focused psychological therapeutic techniques and promote investigation of underlying mechanisms for treatment innovation. Research into mental imagery in depression is at an early stage. Work that bridges clinical psychology and neuroscience in the investigation of imagery-related mechanisms is recommended.
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| 3. |
- Ji, Julie L., et al.
(författare)
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Emotional Mental Imagery as Simulation of Reality : Fear and Beyond-A Tribute to Peter Lang
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behavior Therapy. - : ELSEVIER INC. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 47:5, s. 702-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article pays tribute to the seminal paper by Peter J. Lang (1977; this journal), "Imagery in Therapy: Information Processing Analysis of Fear." We review research and clinical practice developments in the past five decades with reference to key insights from Lang's theory and experimental work on emotional mental imagery. First, we summarize and recontextualize Lang's bio-informational theory of emotional mental imagery (1977, 1979) within contemporary theoretical developments on the function of mental imagery. Second, Lang's proposal that mental imagery can evoke emotional responses is evaluated by reviewing empirical evidence that mental imagery has a powerful impact on negative as well as positive emotions at neurophysiological and subjective levels. Third, we review contemporary cognitive and behavioral therapeutic practices that use mental imagery, and consider points of extension and departure from Lang's original investigation of mental imagery in fear-extinction behavior change. Fourth, Lang's experimental work on emotional imagery is revisited in light of contemporary research on emotional psychopathology-linked individual differences in mental imagery. Finally, key insights from Lang's experiments on training emotional response during imagery are discussed in relation to how specific techniques may be harnessed to enhance adaptive emotional mental imagery training in future research.
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| 4. |
- Ng, Roger Man-kin, et al.
(författare)
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Bipolar risk and mental imagery susceptibility in a representative sample of Chinese adults residing in the community
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 0020-7640 .- 1741-2854. ; 62:1, s. 94-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We need to better understand the cognitive factors associated with risk for bipolar disorders. Recent research suggests that increased susceptibility to mental imagery may be one such factor. However, since this research was primarily conducted with Western students and at a single time-point, it is not known whether the relationship between imagery susceptibility and bipolar symptoms exists across cultures or within the general community, or whether this relationship remains stable over time. Aim: This study evaluated whether Chinese adults identified as being at high (HR) versus low (LR) risk of developing bipolar disorders showed greater mental imagery susceptibility. We aimed to test whether such a relationship was stable over time by measuring imagery characteristics at baseline and at the 7-week follow-up. Method: This prospective study recruited a community sample of N=80 Chinese adults screened for the absence of neurotic and psychotic disorders. The sample was split into HR (n=18) and LR (n=62) groups at baseline based on a criterion cut-off score on a measure of hypomania, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Participants completed measures of imagery susceptibility and its impact: the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS) and the Impact of Future Events Scale (IFES), at baseline and 7 weeks later. Results: HR group reported greater tendency to use imagery in daily life (SUIS) and greater emotional impact of prospective imagery (IFES) than LR group at baseline. These results remained stable at follow-up. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence for increased susceptibility to mental imagery in individuals at high risk of bipolar disorders recruited from a community sample of Chinese adults. This extends previous research in Western student samples suggesting that imagery (both levels of use and its emotional impact) may be a cognitive factor with cross-cultural relevance that is stable over time.
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| 5. |
- O'Donnell, Caitlin, et al.
(författare)
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The role of mental imagery in mood amplification : An investigation across subclinical features of bipolar disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cortex. - : ELSEVIER MASSON, CORPORATION OFFICE. - 0010-9452 .- 1973-8102. ; 105, s. 104-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vivid emotional mental imagery has been identified across a range of mental disorders. In bipolar spectrum disorders - psychopathologies characterized by mood swings that alternate between depression and mania, and include irritability and mixed affect states - mental imagery has been proposed to drive instability in both 'positive' and 'negative' mood. That is, mental imagery can act as an "emotional amplifier". The current experimental study tested this hypothesis and investigated imagery characteristics associated with mood amplification using a spectrum approach to psychopathology. Young adults (N = 42) with low, medium and high scores on a measure of subclinical features of bipolar disorder (BD), i.e., hypomanic-like experiences such as overly 'positive' mood, excitement and hyperactivity, completed a mental imagery generation training task using positive picture-word cues. Results indicate that (1) mood amplification levels were dependent on self-reported hypomanic-like experiences. In particular, (2) engaging in positive mental imagery led to mood amplification of both positive and negative mood in those participants higher in hypomanic-like experiences. Further, (3) in participants scoring high for hypomanic-like experiences, greater vividness of mental imagery during the experimental task was associated with greater amplification of positive mood. Thus, for individuals with high levels of hypomanic-like experiences, the generation of emotional mental imagery may play a causal role in their mood changes. This finding has implications for understanding mechanisms driving mood amplification in bipolar spectrum disorders, such as targeting imagery vividness in therapeutic interventions. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 6. |
- Pearson, David G., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing mental imagery in clinical psychology : A review of imagery measures and a guiding framework
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology Review. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0272-7358 .- 1873-7811. ; 33:1, s. 1-23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental imagery is an under-explored field in clinical psychology research but presents a topic of potential interest and relevance across many clinical disorders, including social phobia, schizophrenia, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. There is currently a lack of a guiding framework from which clinicians may select the domains or associated measures most likely to be of appropriate use in mental imagery research. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach and present a review of studies across experimental psychology and clinical psychology in order to highlight the key domains and measures most likely to be of relevance. This includes a consideration of methods for experimentally assessing the generation, maintenance, inspection and transformation of mental images; as well as subjective measures of characteristics such as image vividness and clarity. We present a guiding framework in which we propose that cognitive, subjective and clinical aspects of imagery should be explored in future research. The guiding framework aims to assist researchers in the selection of measures for assessing those aspects of mental imagery that are of most relevance to clinical psychology. We propose that a greater understanding of the role of mental imagery in clinical disorders will help drive forward advances in both theory and treatment. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Vannucci, Caterina, et al.
(författare)
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Positive moods are all alike? : differential affect amplification effects of 'elated' versus 'calm' mental imagery in young adults reporting hypomanic-like experiences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positive mood amplification is a hallmark of the bipolar disorder spectrum (BPDS). We need better understanding of cognitive mechanisms contributing to such elevated mood. Generation of vivid, emotionally compelling mental imagery is proposed to act as an 'emotional amplifier' in BPDS. We used a positive mental imagery generation paradigm to manipulate affect in a subclinical BPDS-relevant sample reporting high (n = 31) vs. low (n = 30) hypomanic-like experiences on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Participants were randomized to an 'elated' or 'calm' mental imagery condition, rating their momentary affect four times across the experimental session. We hypothesized greater affect increase in the high (vs. low) MDQ group assigned to the elated (vs. calm) imagery generation condition. We further hypothesized that affect increase in the high MDQ group would be particularly apparent in the types of affect typically associated with (hypo)mania, i.e., suggestive of high activity levels. Mixed model and time-series analysis showed that for the high MDQ group, affect increased steeply and in a sustained manner over time in the 'elated' imagery condition, and more shallowly in 'calm'. The low-MDQ group did not show this amplification effect. Analysis of affect clusters showed high-MDQ mood amplification in the 'elated' imagery condition was most pronounced for active affective states. This experimental model of BPDS-relevant mood amplification shows evidence that positive mental imagery drives changes in affect in the high MDQ group in a targeted manner. Findings inform cognitive mechanisms of mood amplification, and spotlight prevention strategies targeting elated imagery, while potentially retaining calm imagery to preserve adaptive positive emotionality.
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